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Books > Medicine > Clinical & internal medicine > Endocrinology > General
This book aims to equip readers with a better understanding of
neuroendocrine tumors of the abdomen and explains how to manage
them optimally by making use of novel therapeutic options that
represent major advances on previous treatments. The most recent
advances in epidemiology, genetics, molecular biology, biomarkers,
pathology, diagnostics, clinical assessment, medical therapy, and
surgical treatment are presented. The information and data provided
will stimulate readers to develop their personal opinions on
significant issues and assist in decision making in individual
patients during routine clinical practice. The book features a
multidisciplinary approach and is designed to meet the needs of all
physicians seeking comprehensive guidance from experts on the
management of patients with neuroendocrine tumors. It will also be
of value for researchers wishing to acquaint themselves with the
state of the art in the field and emerging research avenues.
Abdominal Neuroendocrine Tumors is published in Springer's highly
successful Updates in Surgery series, which now comprises more than
20 titles.
This issue of Physician Assistant Clinics, guest edited by CJ Chun,
PA-C, is devoted to Endocrinology. Articles in this issue include:
Diagnosing Diabetes Mellitus; Standards of Care and Treatments in
Diabetes; Antihyperglycemic Medications: Overwhelmed with Too Many
Options?; Special Considerations in Choosing Diabetes Therapy;
Technology in Diabetes: Are You Tech-Savvy?; Unresolved Questions
in Hypothyroidism; Thyrotoxicosis; Thyroid Nodules; Obesity: "Can
the Battle Be Won?"; Pituitary: The Master Gland; Adrenal
Disorders: Beyond The 'Flight or Fight' Response; Calcium,
Parathyroid Disorder; and Male Hypogonadism.
This book provides the reader with a multidisciplinary approach
that is state of the art and reflects input from the European
Neuroendocrine Tumor Society and the North American Neuroendocrine
Tumor Society. In particular, the text focuses on the
pathophysiology of neuroendocrine tumors and includes a
comprehensive review of the most recent developments in
understanding the complex hormone and receptor signaling that is
important for the future development of potent pharmacological
treatments. The volume reviews the pathological grading and staging
systems providing useful clinical information for the treating
clinician as well as a useful reference for pathologists. The
clinical management of neuroendocrine tumors is reviewed enabling
the treating physician to understand the diagnostic approaches to
differentiating the various types of neuroendocrine tumors. In
addition, the treatments are reviewed in great detail and include
novel radiological, surgical, and chemotherapeutic approaches. The
reader will utilize this book as both a comprehensive and quick
reference guide through the use of diagnostic and treatment
algorithms. Written by international experts in their particular
field of study, Management of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors will
be of great value to medical oncologists, endocrinologists,
gastroenterologists, pathologists, surgeons, and diagnostic and
interventional radiologists.
This book focuses on the regulation, function and further research
insights on aldosterone. Chapter One discusses the role of
aldosterone in the causation of cardiac oedema and highlights areas
for potential future research. Chapter Two reviews secondary
arterial hypertension due to primary hyperaldosteronism. Chapter
Three summarises the present knowledge about the role of
aldosterone in stress adaptation with special emphasise to
age-dependent changes. Chapter Four presents an overview of the
effects of aldosterone, focusing on nongenomic actions in the
kidney.
This astute volume brings together the latest expert research on
adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas (ACPs). ACPs are histologically
benign but clinically aggressive tumors exhibiting a high
propensity for local invasion into the hypothalamus, optic and
vascular structures. These tumors, as well as the current
treatments, may result in pan-hypopituitarism, diabetes insipidus,
morbid obesity followed by type II diabetes mellitus, blindness, as
well as serious behavioral and psychosocial impairments. Exploring
in detail advances in both the understanding of tumor biology as
well as clinical advances in patient management are explored in
detail, this book will also look towards potential new treatment
approaches. Basic Research and Clinical Aspects of Adamantinomatous
Craniopharyngioma is the first book compiling all current research
on ACPs. Mouse and human studies have unequivocally demonstrated
that mutations in CTNNB1 encoding -catenin underlie the etiology of
the majority, if not all ACP tumors. Genetic studies in mice have
shown that ACPs are tumors of the pituitary gland and not of the
hypothalamus as previously thought, and are derived from Rathke's
pouch precursors. In addition, a role for tissue-specific adult
pituitary stem cells has been revealed as causative of ACP.
Together, these studies have provided novel insights into the
molecular and cellular etiology as well as the pathogenesis of
human ACP. Finally, this volume covers new treatment approaches
that have been shown to be effective both in reducing ACP burden as
well as reducing the morbidity associated with therapy.
Due to the resultant health consequences and considerable increase
in prevalence, obesity has become a major worldwide health problem.
"Obesity and Lipotoxicity" is a comprehensive review of the recent
researches to provide a better understanding of the
lipotoxicity-related mechanisms of obesity and the potential for
the development of new treatment strategies. This book overviews
the biochemical pathways leading to obesity-related metabolic
disorders that occur subsequent to lipotoxicity. Chapters examine
the deleterious effects of nutrient excess at molecular level
including the cellular and molecular aspects of breast cancer,
resistance to leptin, insulin, adiponectin, and interconnection
between the circadian clock and metabolic pathways during high-fat
feeding. "Lipotoxicity and Obesity" will be a useful resource for
clinicians and basic science researchers, such as biochemists,
toxicologists, immunologists, nutritionists, adult and pediatric
endocrinologists, cardiologists, as well as students who are
thought in this field.
This unique book is a comprehensive guide for healthcare providers
who treat patients with complex medical conditions but lack the
resources to address fertility and sexuality concerns and help
patients navigate their fertility decision-making process. It
presents up-to-date information concerning fertility preservation
and restoration for patients with hereditary cancer syndromes,
disorders of sex development, hematologic diseases, genetic
disorders of gonadal dysfunction, immunologic diseases, gynecologic
diseases, endocrine disorders, and autoimmune and inflammatory
diseases. Utilizing a practical, user-friendly format, each chapter
discusses the epidemiology, classification, risk factors and/or
clinical manifestations, and diagnosis and treatment modalities
specific to each condition, as well as the effect of it or its
treatment on fertility and unique options that may exist. Complex
medical conditions are inherently difficult to manage, and
reproductive interventions are often not part of the conversation.
As such, Fertility Preservation and Restoration for Patients with
Complex Medical Conditions will be an excellent resource for
primary care physicians, obstetrician/gynecologists,
endocrinologists, oncologists, and other health professionals
working with patients with fertility concerns. This book, together
with Oncofertility: Fertility Preservation for Cancer Survivors;
Oncofertility: Ethical, Legal, Social, and Medical Perspectives;
Oncofertility Medical Practice: Clinical Issues and Implementation;
Oncofertility Communication: Sharing Information and Building
Relationships across Disciplines; and Pediatric and Adolescent
Oncofertility: Best Practices and Emerging Technologies, provides
scientific and medically relevant information on fertility
preservation from all vantage points and is an indispensable series
for those interested in fertility management in cancer or complex
settings.
Iodine is an essential micronutrient and an integral component of
the thyroid hormones, which are required for normal growth and
development. The iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) encompass a
spectrum of adverse health effects including goiter, cretinism,
hypothyroidism, growth retardation, and increased pregnancy loss
and infant mortality. This volume summarizes the current
understanding of the effects of iodine deficiency as well as iodine
excess. It also discusses best practices for salt iodization, the
mainstay of global IDD prevention efforts, and other forms of food
fortification. The effectiveness of iodine supplementation for
vulnerable populations, an evolving strategy in many regions, is
also described. Low level environmental exposure to chemicals such
as perchlorate and thiocyanate, which competitively block thyroidal
iodine uptake, appears to be ubiquitous worldwide. There has been
recent concern that such environmental exposures might pose a
health hazard by inducing or aggravating underlying thyroid
dysfunction. This up-to-date volume explores both the effects of
iodine deficiency as well as the best strategies for IDD
prevention.
Somatic growth is a crucial component in the development of an
organism. Growth is manifested in many levels during an organisms
lifespan; rapid intrauterine growth is followed by extrauterine
development that subsides with age. The control of growth is
exerted via particularly complex and multifaceted mechanisms that
affect every cell of the body, regulating the balance between the
anabolic and catabolic processes, and it is intimately entwined
with almost every physiological function. The central component of
this regulatory system is the hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis that
controls not only all of the endocrine organs of the body, but also
regulates the growth of every cell via growth hormone (GH) release.
It would certainly exceed the scope of the present book to
summarize the growth-related complex peripheral actions of the
various hormonal systems of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis. GH
secretion is modulated primarily by the somatotropic axis, which is
one of the functional components of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal
axis and integrates the stimulatory and inhibitory actions of
growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin upon GH
release, respectively. Therefore, in the present volume we attempt
to give an overview of the regulatory components of a somatotropic
axis with a special emphasis on the regulatory input provided by
hypothalamic hormonal and neurotransmitter/neuromodulator systems.
Since it is particularly complicated to extrapolate animal data to
human physiology, the authors focus on human results while animal
studies are detailed only if they provide a better understanding to
how growth is regulated in humans. This process has proven to be
difficult due to the scarcity of human studies in this field.
Based on the most novel approaches and cutting-edge clinical and
scientific information regarding radionuclide imaging and therapies
for neuroendocrine tumors, this clinical guidebook represents a
unique collaborative effort between endocrinologists, nuclear
physicians, oncologists, surgeons, physicists, radio-pharmacists
and geneticists. It begins with the embryology, classification and
molecular genetics of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
and carcinoids, chromaffin cell tumors, and MEN1- and MEN2-related
tumors. Following a chapter on radiopharmaceuticals in
neuroendocrine imaging, it turns to the physics and technology of
current and cutting-edge radiology, including SPECT/CT and PET/CT
and PET/MR. Discussing of radionuclide imaging covers the tumors
mentioned above, as well as pulmonary and thymic neuroendocrine
tumors and medullary thyroid carcinoma. A presentation of
radionuclide therapies follows, including 131I-MIBG therapy,
somatostatin receptor-based therapy, and alpha radionuclide
therapy, as well as the role of nanoparticles. Comprehensive and
up-to-date, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine for
Neuroendocrine Tumors will assist and guide physicians who
encounter patients with these conditions, either from a diagnostic
or therapeutic standpoint, and particularly emphasizes the current
and emerging medical devices and imaging and therapeutic options.
This book serves as a comprehensive resource on toxicants that can
be released from food packaging materials and household plastics.
Chapters include sources and levels of chemical exposure, known and
suspected health effects and the identification of data gaps with
recommendations for further research. In addition, regulatory
approaches and risk assessment challenges in the United States and
Europe are discussed. Chapters cover both the more widely known
chemicals that can migrate from food packaging (bisphenol A,
perfluorinated chemicals), and household plastics (lead,
phthalates, brominated flame retardants), as well as chemicals that
are just entering use in food packaging (nanomaterials in polymer
food packaging) and chemicals recently identified as migrating from
food packaging to food stuffs (phthalates, benzophenones, antimony,
methylnaphthalene and the alkylphenols nonylphenol and
octylphenol). Chapters on phthalates and brominated flame
retardants discuss challenges that arise with the use of
replacement chemicals. The health effect sections of chapters have
drawn on a wide variety of toxicological endpoints and recommend
approaches to better assess toxicological risks in vulnerable human
populations. Reflecting the global nature of our food supply and
household consumer goods, contributions have been drawn from
international experts. A wide range of scientists will find this
book to be useful, including toxicologists, environmental health
scientists, food scientists, and regulators.
Cushings syndrome is a rare disorder that is associated with many
co-morbidities such as systemic hypertension, diabetes,
osteoporosis, impaired immune function, and psychiatric disease,
all of which severely reduce quality of life and life expectancy.
This book reviews the role of cortisol in the human body, focusing
on the effects of excess cortisol due to Cushing's syndrome as well
as the role of the HPA axis in metabolism, inflammation, and
neuropsychiatric function. The volume will cover basic mechanistic
data, clinical outcomes data, and novel therapies. Also discussed
are everything from abnormalities of the HPA axis, to the role of
the HPA axis in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders and
metabolic disorders, to new definitions of Cushing's remission and
recurrence. The Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis in Health and
Disease will provide a comprehensive and multi-disciplinary review
of the pathophysiology and outcomes of excess cortisol in the human
body and brain as well as the role of the HPA axis in other disease
states.
Primary Aldosteronism (PA) is a disease caused by the
overproduction of aldosterone hormone from the adrenal glands. PA
causes hypertension and the majority with this disease are
undiagnosed for PA. There are new insights into this matter by
using biochemistry as well as advanced radiology. In 2011, a
breakthrough in the genetic derangements came, identifying a
mutated potassium channel gene - KCNJ5 - in about 40% of PA with
adenoma. Chapters in this book include a history of the disorder,
epidemiology, genetics derangements, the KCNJ5 mutations and
phenotype and more.
This book describes the life cycle of a unique endocrine gland that
is absolutely essential for the establishment and maintenance of
pregnancy in all mammalian species. The corpus luteum is unique
because it is formed and destroyed every (non-fertile) reproductive
cycle. When fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum is rescued or
maintained. The processes that control corpus luteum formation,
demise (luteolysis), or maintenance are just beginning to be
unraveled in recent years; they involve diverse cell types and
mechanisms. Some of these processes resemble tumor
development-angiogenesis, for instance-but interestingly enough,
this resemblance is only up to a point. The corpus luteum uses
mechanisms that allow its normal, physiological growth and
disappearance. Pulling together key research on the corpus luteum,
this volume is of interest to both reproductive endocrinologists
and comparative physiologists, with clinical relevance spanning
comparative animal studies to women's health.
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