Aggressive behavior among children and adolescents has confounded parents and perplexed professionals-especially those tasked with its treatment and prevention-for countless years. As baffling as these behaviors are, however, recent advances in neuroscience focusing on brain development have helped to make increasing sense of their complexity.

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Focusing on their most prevalent forms, Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder, "Disruptive Behavior Disorders" advances the understanding of DBD on a number of significant fronts. Its neurodevelopmental emphasis within an ecological approach offers links between brain structure and function and critical environmental influences and the development of these specific disorders. The book's findings and theories help to differentiate DBD within the contexts of normal development, non-pathological misbehavior and non-DBD forms of pathology. Throughout these chapters are myriad implications for accurate identification, effective intervention and future cross-disciplinary study.

Key issues covered include:

Gene-environment interaction models.Neurobiological processes and brain functions.Callous-unemotional traits and developmental pathways.Relationships between gender and DBD.Multiple pathways of familial transmission.

"Disruptive Behavior Disorders" is a groundbreaking resource for researchers, scientist-practitioners and graduate students in clinical child and school psychology, psychiatry, educational psychology, prevention science, child mental health care, developmental psychology and social work.

Imaging in Pediatric Pulmonology is a definitive reference to imaging and differential diagnosis for pediatric pulmonology. Diseases and disorders seen in everyday clinical practice are featured, including infections, developmental disorders, airway abnormalities, diffuse lung diseases, focal lung diseases, and lung tumors. Organized to support the clinical thought process, the text begins with a series of clinical algorithms that provide a starting point for formulating a diagnosis. The physician will be able to identify the differentials by symptom complex and accordingly determine what test would be effective and how to proceed. The balance of the book is image-based and presents a comprehensive, multi-modality approach, with an emphasis on plain film and cross-sectional imaging. The imaging sections are correlated with pathology and clinical findings to help readers learn what the modality of choice can enable them to see. Edited by Robert H. Cleveland, MD, Professor of Radiology at Harvard Medical School and Chief of the Division of Diagnostic Radiology at Children's Hospital Boston, the book includes a talented group of associate editors and contributing authors who are noted experts in pathology, pulmonology, and radiology, making Imaging in Pediatric Pulmonology an ideal reference for all physicians involved in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric pulmonary issues.

Until the 1990s, it was generally accepted that medicines were first developed for adults and their use in children was investigated later, if at all. One of the main tasks of hospital pharmacies was the manufacturing of child-appropriate formulations in a more or less makeshift way. The first change came in 1997 with U.S. legislation that rewarded manufacturers to do voluntary pediatric research. Ten years later, the European Union passed legislation that required manufacturers to discuss all pediatric aspects, including formulations, with the regulatory authorities as a condition of starting the registration procedure. In consequence, manufacturers must now cover all age groups, including the youngest ones. So far, pediatric formulations were more a focus for academic researchers. Through the changed regulatory environment, there is now a sudden high commercial demand for age-appropriate formulations. This book begins by highlighting the anatomical, physiological and developmental differences between adults and children of different ages. It goes on to review the existing technologies and attempts to draw a roadmap to better, innovative formulations, in particular for oral administration. The regulatory, clinical, ethical and pharmaceutical framework is also addressed.

Integrating Neuropsychological and Psychological Assessments is a resource for neuropsychologists, psychologists, teachers and parents who wish to address both the neurologically- and emotionally-based difficulties with which their children are presenting. In addition to a thorough description of neuropsychological and psychological assessment tools, this book also provides professionals with a unified approach to using the results from assessments to understand and integrate cognitive, behavioral, social and emotional functioning in school-age children. It posits that to educate and treat children who are struggling in school due to unique cognitive or emotional vulnerabilities, the whole child must be considered to decipher their needs and implement interventions. Cultivating a therapeutic relationship that integrates the emotional and relational functioning of the child enhances both their learning and ability to successfully navigate the world.

This book is a comprehensive and up-to-date compendium on all aspects of blood and marrow transplantation in children. After an introductory chapter describing the history of pediatric blood and marrow transplantation, subsequent chapters discuss pediatric-specific aspects of transplantation, including stem cell sources suitable for transplantation, preparative regimens, graft-versus-host disease, complications related to transplantation, and late effects. The role of blood and marrow transplantation in various specific pediatric diseases is then examined, and the closing chapter considers future directions. The authors are all internationally recognized experts and offer a largely evidence-based consensus on etiology, biology, and treatment. This handbook has far-reaching applicability to the clinical diagnosis and management of pediatric diseases that are treatable with blood and marrow transplantation and will prove invaluable to specialists, generalists, and trainees alike.

"Paediatric Dentistry at a Glance" is the new title in the highly popular at a Glance series. It provides a concise and accessible introduction and revision aid, comprehensively covering all the constituent sub-topics that comprise paediatric dentistry. Following the familiar, easy-to-use at a Glance format, each topic is presented as a double-page spread with facts accompanied by clear diagrams and clinical photographs encapsulating essential knowledge.

Structured over 7 sections, "Paediatric Dentistry at a Glance covers"

- Physical assessment and treatment planning- Prevention and management of dental caries- Traumatic Injuries- Management of children with special health care needs- Paediatric oral medicine and Pathology- Dental and oro-facial anomalies

"Paediatric Dentistry at a Glance" draws together clinical and scientific elements to provide a comprehensive review of comprehensive oral health care for infants and children though adolescence. It is an ideal companion for all students of dentistry, junior clinicians and members of the dental team with an interest in paediatric dentistry.

Care for Children Born Small for Gestational Age is a comprehensive handbook that serves to synthesize the extensive recent literature in the area to provide a practical resource aimed at a wide range of healthcare professionals, including obstetricians, midwives, neonatologists, and primary care physicians. This comprehensive handbook includes an in-depth survey of the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and long-term monitoring of children born small for gestational age, as well as related conditions such as intrauterine growth restriction, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Additionally, the short and long-term psychiatric and social consequences of this condition are addressed.

This remarkable new guide is the first hybrid text of its kind that adopts the traditional method of medical education and fuses it with an evidence-based approach. It covers, in great detail, all of the common conditions seen in primary and secondary paediatrics. Skilfully designed for easy revision and reference, each chapter is devoted to a symptom, commencing with the objectives and essential relevant background material followed by history and examination. In the management section specific questions are posed and evidence based responses are offered, ensuring both patients and their parents are satisfied. Uniquely, in the majority of cases, evidence from randomized controlled trials is given. To facilitate comprehension, revision and examination preparation, chapter includes a series of multiple choice questions and meticulous answers. It also includes an invaluable clinical slide and X-ray collection outlining key radiological features of many of the clinical conditions described to further aid understanding, recognition and diagnosis. Diagnosing and Treating Common Problems in Paediatrics is a highly comprehensive primer of how to learn and evaluate knowledge and then translate that knowledge into practice. It provides paediatric consultants and students with the confidence, professionalism and unique communication skill required to work effectively with both children and parents, ensuring successful treatment and outcomes.

The objective of this volume is togive an overview of the present state of the art of pediatric clinical pharmacology including developmental physiology, pediatric-specific pathology, special tools and methods for development of drugs for children (assessment of efficacy, toxicity, long-term safety etc.) as well as regulatory and ethical knowledge and skills. In the future, structural and educational changes have to lead back to a closer cooperation and interaction of pediatrics with (clinical) pharmacology and pharmacy."

Typically, manuals of pediatric hematology-oncology are written by specialists from high-income countries, and usually target an audience with a sub-specialist level of training, often assisted by cutting-edge diagnostic and treatment facilities. However, approximately 80% of new cases of cancer in children appear in mid- and low-income countries. Almost invariably, general practitioners or general pediatricians without special training in oncology will look after children with malignancies who enter the health care system in these countries. The diagnostic facilities are usually limited, as are the treatment options. The survival figures in these conditions are somewhere below 20%, while in high-income countries they are in the range of 80% for many childhood cancers. Pediatric Hematology-Oncology in Countries with Limited Resources is the only book of its kind to provide specific guidance applicable to limited resource settings and builds up from the foundation of general practitioner or general pediatrician competence. Written and edited by leaders in the field, this manual educates physicians on the essential components of the discipline, filtered through the experience of specialists from developing countries, with immediate applicability in the specific healthcare environment in these countries.

Readers of this book can update their knowledge in the fast-moving field of endocrinology and neurobiology. Topics concerning growth and development are extensively reviewed from both basic science and clinical viewpoints. Aspects related to growth development and to the control of cellular differentiation and multiplication are discussed. Further new information is provided on: synthetic recombinant human growth hormone (rHGH); potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications of the neuropeptide, growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH); the physiology and physiopathology of the neural control of growth hormone secretion; the diagnosis and therapy of growth hormone deficiency or excess states; and the biology, function and possible utilization of growth factors. These important new findings are relevant to progress in pediatrics, pediatric and clinical endocrinology, neuroendocrinology and physiology.

This very practical "how-to" guide comprehensively covers both the common and less common pathologies affecting the paediatric skeleton. It provides clear explanations of the materials and instrumentation, as well as teaching points, technical comments, discussions, and the avoidance of pitfalls. The images presented here have been produced using whole-body scanning, gamma-camera, high-resolution spot images, pinhole and SPECT, as well as three-phase bone scans - each procedure backed by indications for its use. These 350 illustrations thus allow the paediatrician, orthopaedic surgeon, radiologist and nuclear medicine physician a comparison with their own images as well as with the "normal" images presented in the authors' companion volume, Atlas of Bone Scintigraphy in the Developing Paediatric Skeleton.

In recent years, developments in ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have made important changes in the practice of diagnostic radio logy. Concomitantly, invasive radiology for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes has grown into a rapidly evolving subspecialty. This text represents a landmark in paediatric radiology. The three authors are distinguished radiologists who, over the past two decades, have greatly contributed to paediatric hepatology. Their pioneering work in the area of splanchnic angiography and diagnostic as well as therapeutic cholangiography was facilitated by their close day-to-day interaction with the Paediatric Liver Disease Unit at Hoepital Bicetre. The contents and the format of this "atlas" are testimony to their knowledge of clinical hepatology and to their wide experience in invasive paediatric radiology. The out standing quality of the images is enhanced by appropriate clinical descriptions which will help the reader understand the indications for these procedures, their accuracy and limitations.

Dermatologists commonly treat acne, which affects 40 to 50 million Americans each year and about 85 percent of all patients at some point in their lives. Dermatologists, primary care doctors, and pediatricians see these patients every day in practice. It is important to treat the skin effectively not only to reduce the risk of physical scarring, but also to address the negative psychosocial impact this disease carries. Improving the skin can improve self-confidence, interpersonal relationships, and performance in school or at work. Acneiform Eruptions in Dermatology is a practical, full-color guide to the differential diagnosis of acne vulgaris and the treatment of acne-like conditions. It is organized into sections by subtype of condition (e.g., infections, genetic syndromes, medication-caused) and includes a section of variants of acne that may be misdiagnosed. Within the sections, individual chapters discuss each variant of the condition and begin with a helpful bulleted summary of its defining clinical features. Extensive color clinical images appear throughout the book.

This volume provides a history of Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE), a basic understanding of the physiology of the eosinophil, and a current understanding of the pathophysiology and genetics of EoE. The emphasis is on clinical applications including presenting symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options for patients with EoE. Written by both pediatric and adult experts in the fields of gastroenterology, allergy and pathology, this volume includes the most up to date information. Providing practical information useful in the treatment of patients, this book will be of great value to gastroenterologists, allergists, pathologists, medical residents, fellows, internists, and general practitioners who treat patients with eosinophilic esophagitis.

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is characterised by the sudden death of an infant that is not predicted by prior medical history and it is stillresponsible for a large percentage of infant mortalities. The exact causes have long remained unknown, though some risk factors such as including exposure to tobacco smoke, no breast feeding, and prone sleeping position, have been identified. However an analysis linking neurophysiological and neuropathological aspects in a prospective study of SIDS suggests that one of the causes of SIDS is arousal deficiency. This unique book provides the latest, comprehensive information on SIDS research from epidemiology to physiology. "

A long-awaited book from developmental disorders expert John Morton, "Understanding Developmental Disorders: A Causal Modelling Approach" makes sense of the many competing theories about what can go wrong with early brain development, causing a child to develop outside the normal range.
Based on the idea that understanding developmental disorders requires us to talk about biological, cognitive, behavioral and environmental factors, and to talk about causal relationships among these elements.
Explains what causal modelling is and how to do it.
Compares different theories about particular developmental disorders using causal modelling.
Will have a profound impact on research in the fields of psychology, neuroscience and medicine.

More than half the numbers of children with epilepsy have interrelated language, learning and/or behavior complications. By adulthood, these problems can interfere with socialization and employment. The seizures may be controlled but the developmental distortions can continue to present problems for health and education systems and carers. In this comprehensive and fully referenced book, William Svoboda distils a lifetime of clinical experience with childhood epilepsy into three areas which address each of the main areas of difficulty. In each he looks at why the problems arise and assesses diagnostic and remediative approaches. The focus is on the whole care of the child rather than on diagnosis, classification and medication alone. Clinicians, mental health practitioners, educators and speech-language pathologists will find this book invaluable.

This book is a concise guide to ordering radiology tests for diagnosis and treatment and provides best practice guidelines for patients whose management depends on a clinical question that is best approached through imaging. Organized primarily by organ system, it outlines considerations in selecting the most efficacious imaging studies based on the clinical history, laboratory values, and physical findings to arrive cost-effectively at a correct diagnosis. It also explores the current limitations of each imaging modality and presents evidence-based information to insure that patient safety considerations are observed when ordering potentially dangerous examinations. Clinician's Guide to Diagnostic Imaging is a valuable resource for all physicians who regularly order imaging studies, including primary care physicians, family practitioners, internists, and surgeons alike. Further, this volume serves as an invaluable reference for medical students who are exposed to medical imaging for their first time or who are rotating through a radiology elective in medical school.

Some engage in high-risk behaviors. Others need help with emotional skills. Many are affected by mental disorders. While every school has its share of students needing comprehensive mental health services, personnel struggle to address these needs effectively in an era of scarce resources and dwindling budgets. Preventive Mental Health at School gives school-based practitioners and researchers an accessible, nuanced guide to implementing and improving real-world proactive programs and replacing outmoded service models. Based firmly in systems thinking and an ecological-public health approach, the book outlines the skills needed for choosing evidence-based interventions that are appropriate for all students, and for coordinating prevention efforts among staff, educators, and administration. As schools become more and more diverse, school-based practitioners must become knowledgeable in regard to the critical racial and cultural differences that affect students, their families, and enrich our schools. Research currently available to help meet the needs of various groups of children and their families is included as each topic is addressed. In addition, the author provides a theoretical groundwork and walks readers through the details of assessing resources and needs, applying knowledge to practice, and evaluating progress. Instructive case examples show these processes in action, and further chapters address questions of adapting programs already in place for greater developmental or cultural appropriateness. Included in the coverage: Student engagement, motivation, and active learning. Engaging families through school and family partnerships. Evidence-based prevention of internalizing disorders. Social emotional learning. Adapting programs for various racial and ethnic populations. Adapting programs for young children. Preventive Mental Health at School offers solid guidance and transformative tools to researchers, graduate students, and professionals/practitioners/clinicians in varied fields including clinical child and school psychology, social work, public health and policy, educational policy and politics, and pediatrics.

This volume is one in a series of monographs being issued under the general title of "Disorders of Human Communication." Each monograph deals in detail with a particular aspect of vocal communication and its disorders, and is written by internationally distinguished experts. Therefore, the series will provide an authoritative source of up-to-date scientific and clinical informa tion relating to the whole field of normal and abnormal speech communication, and as such will succeed the earlier monumental work "Handbuch der Stimm und Sprachheilkunde" by R. Luchsinger and G. E. Arnold (last issued in 1970). This series will prove invaluable for clinicians, teachers and research workers in phoniatrics and logopaedics, phonetics and linguistics, speech pathology, otolaryngology, neurology and neurosurgery, psychology and psychiatry, paediatrics and audiology. Several of the monographs will also be useful to voice and singing teachers, and to their pupils. G. E. Arnold, Jackson, Miss. F. Wincke1, Berlin B. D. Wyke, London Since it was their chatter which prompted the question. this book is dedicated to Sarah and VickY; to Peter who provided some of the answers; to Dorothy in gratitude; and to Him who in the beginning was the Word. Preface These pages are the long-delayed product of questions prompted by the sponta neous chatter of my two daughters when they were little. It was only possible to begin to explore these unformed thoughts through the repeated kindness of medi cal friends who allowed me to record their new-born children."

Before a separate Department of Medical Humanities was formed, the editors of this volume were faculty members of the Department of Pediatrics at our medical school. Colleagues daily spoke of the moral and social problems of children's health care. Our offices were near the examining rooms where children had their bone-marrow procedures done. Since this is a painful test, we often heard them cry. The hospital floor where the sickest children stayed was also nearby. The physicians, nurses, and social workers believed that children's health care needs were not being met and that more could and should be done. Fewer resources are available for a child than for an adult with a comparable illness, they said. These experiences prompted us to prepare this volume and to ask whether children do get their fair share of the health care dollar. Since the question "What kind of health care do we owe to our children?" is complex, responses should be rooted in many disciplines. These include philosophy, law, public policy and, of course, the health professions. Representing all of these disciplines, contributors to this volume reflect on moral and social issues in children's health care. The last hundred years have brought great changes in health care tor children. The specialty of pediatrics developed during this period, and with it, a new group of advocates for children's health care. Women's suffrage gave a political boost to the recognition of children's special health needs.

Till recently, mutations in genes were described in textbooks as deletions or point mutations. These mutations can be inherited from a parent or they are de novo alterations. The discovery in 1991 that human disease can be caused by large-scale ex pansion of highly unstable trinucleotide repeats has elucidated a new mutation mechanism, heritable unstable DNA. In the subsequent years more then 10 such disease genes have been identified. All dynamic mutations have been iden tified in neurological disorders. There are ten possible trinucleotide repeats at the DNA level, but only 3 have been identified as being involved in human dis eases. The rather frequent occurence of triplet repeats in the human genome indicates that other loci subject to unstable expansions may be discovered. The identification of repeat instability and the identification of disease genes containing trinucleotide repeats has helped to answer intriguing questions. The diseases share the unusual characteristic of inheritance with increased disease severity in successive gernerations, a phenomenon called anticipation. Trinu cleotide repeat diseases are ideal subjects for direct testing because the muta tion is almost exclusively of the same type and there is an extremely low occur ance of new mutations in these diseases. The anticipation can now be explained by the correlation of increasing repeat length with increased disease serverity. It can be speculated that other neurological disorders showing anticipation will be caused by unstable repeats as well."

ADHD as a Model of Brain-Behavior Relationships Leonard F. Koziol, Deborah Ely Budding, and Dana Chidekel Series Title: Springer Briefs in Neuroscience Subseries: The Vertically Organized Brain in Theory and Practice It's been a basic neurological given: the brain does our thinking, and has evolved to do the thinking, as controlled by the neocortex. In this schema, all dysfunction can be traced to problems in the brain's lateral interactions. But in scientific reality, is this really true? Challenging this traditional cortico-centric view is a body of research emphasizing the role of the structures that control movement-the brain's vertical organization-in behavioral symptoms. Using a well-known, widely studied disorder as a test case, ADHD as a Model of Brain-Behavior Relationships offers an innovative framework for integrating neuroscience and behavioral research to refine diagnostic process and advance the understanding of disorders.Identifying a profound disconnect between current neuropsychological testing and the way the brain actually functions, this revision of the paradigm critiques the DSM and ICD in terms of the connectedness of brain structures regarding cognition and behavior. The authors argue for a large-scale brain network approach to pathology instead of the localizing that is so common historically, and for an alternate set of diagnostic criteria proposed by the NIMH. Included in the coverage: * The diagnosis of ADHD: history and context.* ADHD and neuropsychological nomenclature* Research Domain Criteria: a dimensional approach to evaluating disorder* The development of motor skills, executive function, and a relation to ADHD* The role of the cerebellum in cognition, emotion, motivation, and dysfunction* How large-scale brain networks interact Heralding a more accurate future of assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders, ADHD as a Model of Brain-Behavior Relationships represents a major step forward for neuropsychologists, child psychologists, and psychiatrists, or any related profession interested in a neuroscientific understanding of brain function.