Most parents have worried about the side effects and possible long-term consequences of administering a particular medication to their child. The medication may be available over-the-counter, like cough syrup, or it may be prescribed by a doctor, like an antibiotic. Parents want to know: Is the medication safe? Is it effective? Will it help my child? A pediatric pharmacist for nearly thirty years, Edward A. Bell has spent his career listening carefully to parents' concerns. In Children's Medicines, Bell draws on the latest scientific information, coupled with his experience in hospital and clinic settings, as a university professor, and as a parent, to answer questions about whether, when, and what medications to give to infants, children, and teenagers. Bell touches on practical issues of medication administration and explores areas of particular concern for parents. Inside the book, readers will find* information to help parents weigh the benefits and risks of medicines * an explanation of why some adult medications are not safe for children * descriptions of medicine for treating fever and common illnesses* practical tips on measuring, flavoring, and administering medicines* directions for giving medicine in the mouth, the nose, the ear, and the eye * advice for keeping children of any age safe around medications * facts about vaccinations: how they work, which ones are recommended, and their safety * a guide to the FDA's approval process for use of medicines by children* information about drug pricing, expiration dates, and storing medicine at home* a chapter on ADHD and the treatment of adolescent depression that takes into account the long-term side effects of antidepressants* details about the use of herbal and complementary therapies, including probiotics and vitamins * a discussion of over-the-counter cough/cold products* information on which websites to use for accurate medical and drug information Full of information helpful to parents, grandparents, and others who provide care for children, Children's Medicines is a reliable and insightful guide to how drugs for children of all ages are prescribed and used.

A vast number of children in the United States are evaluated and treated for urologic conditions by urologists practicing general urology due to the relatively few fellowship-trained pediatric urologists. Pediatric Urology: A General Urologist's Guide is written specifically for general urologists as a concise and comprehensive reference of the more common pediatric urologic conditions. Other health practitioners (i.e. pediatrician, family practitioner, residents, medical students, and mid-level providers) will also find this book a key reference. Written by well-respected pediatric urologists, this volume will assist the health care provider to rapidly review the essential aspects of the physical examination, evaluation, diagnostic testing, and management while the patient is still in the office. The chapters are arranged into four sections to allow for easier access to the information: office urology, genitalia, urinary tract, and miscellaneous topics. Furthermore, the first chapter of the book will be dedicated to facts and figures (ex. normal penile and renal lengths based on age, dosing of common medications, and grading system for vesicoureteral reflux) that serves as a single source for this information. Pediatric Urology: A General Urologist's Guide offers the reader the essential information to assist them in the care of children.

State-of-the-art Wellknown experts Collection of papers on one topic The contributions in this volume cover recent advances and changing concepts on diagnosis and treatment of resistant epilepsy in children. Topics treated are new insights on mechanisms of epileptogenesis in developing brain, multimodality imaging in pediatric intractable epilepsy, pediatric intractable epilepsy syndromes, pediatric temporal lobe epilepsy surgery, critical review of palliative surgical techniques for intractable epilepsy, treatment modalities for intractable epilepsy in hypothalamic hemartomas, contemporary management of epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis.

Unique collection of case and research reports on rare metabolic disorders Contains unusual or previously unrecorded features relevant to metabolic disorders All contributions rigorously peer-reviewed JIMD Reports publishes case and short research reports in the area of inherited metabolic disorders. Case reports highlight some unusual or previously unrecorded feature relevant to the disorder, or serve as an important reminder of clinical or biochemical features of a Mendelian disorder.

It is estimated that the functionally significant body of knowledge for a given medical specialty changes radically every 8 years. New specialties and "sub-specialization" are occurring at approximately an equal rate. Historically, established journals have not been able either to absorb this increase in publishable material or to extend their readership to the new specialists. International and national meetings, symposia and seminars, workshops and newsletters, successfully bring to the attention of physi cians within developing specialties what is occurring, but generally only in demonstration form without providing historical perspective, patho anatomical correlates, or extensive discussion. Page and time limitations oblige the authors to present only the essence of their material. Pediatric neurosurgery is an example of a specialty that has developed during the past 15 years and over this period, neurosurgeons have ob tained special training in pediatric neurosurgery and then dedicated them selves primarily to its practice. Centers, Chairs, and educational pro grams have been established as groups of neurosurgeons in different countries throughout the world organized themselves respectively into national and international societies for pediatric neurosurgery. These events were both preceded and followed by specialized courses, national and international journals, and ever-increasing clinical and investigative studies into all aspects of surgically treatable diseases of the child's ner vous system."

This concise textbook of pediatric surgery is designed to guide the reader logically from symptoms and signs to diagnosis and treatment. Each chapter is devoted to one of 35 key symptoms and signs, which are organized according to six body regions: head, neck, chest, abdomen, urogenital system, and back. In each case, a brief assessment of the presenting sign/symptom and differential diagnosis is followed by discussion of occurrence, clinical presentation and significance, diagnostic work-up, treatment, and prognosis. Informative tables, illustrations, and up-to-date references are included throughout. Readers will also have access to an e-learning tool developed in collaboration with the Institute of Medical Education, University of Bern, which highlights the characteristics of pediatric surgical disorders and their treatment and includes clinical, radiological, and intraoperative images.

Neurological signs or symptoms are present in approximately 20% of all chil dren admitted to the hospital. These may be the reason for admission or may be part of preexisting and often unrelated problems. In ambulatory practice, acute neurological disease is not seen as frequently, but issues relating to normal and abnormal development are constantly being faced. For these reasons, familiarity with the progress of normal development and factors interfering with it, as well as knowledge of the major acute and chronic disorders of the nervous and neu romuscular systems, is important for any practitioner, specialist, or generalist who cares for children. The pathophysiology of neurological disorders in childhood is based on the same principles of the organization, structure, and function of the nervous sys tem as apply to adults. Two pitfalls are present for the student, however. First, the abnormalities are superimposed on a changing, developing brain, not a rather static, mature organ. The manifestations of the disease may vary, there fore, in seemingly unpredictable fashion depending on the rate of progression of the disorder and the rate and adequacy of the ongoing developmental changes in the nervous system. The second problem is the large number of unfa miliar conditions, many of which have no counterpart in adult neurology or medicine. These include developmental malformations, disorders specific to the neonatal period, and many hereditary and metabolic diseases."

Nutrition in Infancy: Volume 1 is a very useful resource for all clinicians treating and preventing nutritional problems in infants. This volume covers a wide range of topics that support wellness in infants through the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, malnutrition, and developmental and genetic abnormalities. A variety of chapters deal with nutrients for infants with disabilities, surgery, and other special needs. Special emphasis is provided for clinicians treating the millions of children in developing countries whose death is promoted by undernutrition or malnutrition. The next sections discuss the health benefits of supplementation and breast feeding and methods to improve use of berast feeding and it's duration. In Nutrition in Infancy: Volume 1, all of these facets of nutrition and nutritional therapy are covered in a precise and practical way. The latest developments in diagnostic procedures and nutritional support are also included. Written by a group of international experts, this volume is an indispensable new reference for clinicians with an interest in the nutrition and health of pregnant mothers and their infants.

Perinatal problems in thyroid gland physiology are common but complicated and present a diagnostic dilemma for the primary clinician. In December 1990, an international group of basic and clinical investigators gathered in Longboat Key, Florida to address these issues. The participants included internists, obstetricians, pedia tricians, neurologists, pathologists and basic scientists in cellular metabolism, endocrine physiology, and molecular biology. The presentations contained within this book bring together their most current and vital research related to the field of perinatal thyroidology. This book is based on the dynamic and fruitful exchange of the participants at the symposium. We are indebted to these individuals whose valuable insights and efforts are contained within this text. Barry B. Bercu Dorothy I. Shulman vii CONTENTS Session I Mechanism of Thyroid Hormone Action 1 Leslie J. DeGroot Thyroid System Ontogeny in the Sheep: A Model for Precocial Mammalian Species * . . * * 11 Delbert A. Fisher Pathologic Studies of Fetal Thyroid 27 Development * * * * * * * Douglas R. Shanklin Thyroid Hormone Control of Brain and Motor Development: Molecular, Neuroanatomical, 47 and Behavioral Studies * * * * * * * S. A. Stein, P. M. Adams, D. R. Shanklin, G. A. Mihailoff, and M. B. Palnitkar The Thyroidectomized Pregnant Rat: An Animal Model to Study Fetal Effects of Maternal Hypothyroidism 107 Susan P. Porterfield and Chester E.

Julio Morales describes the Puerto Rican nation as being comprised of those individuals who identify themselves as Puerto Ricans. This includes almost 6. 2 million people who live primarily, but not exclu sively, on the island of Puerto Rico, and in the northeastern United States. One gets to be a Puerto Rican by various means. You are Puerto Rican if you are born in Puerto Rico, although at the same time you are an American because you were born there. You are Puerto Rican if your parents are Puerto Rican, even if you have never visited the island, have never eaten arroz y habichuelas, and have never spoken a word in Spanish. You can be a second and third generation Puerto Rican of mixed marriage, be highly acculturated to American culture, but when asked, you say proudly, "I am a Puerto Rican. " You can meet some of us whose world is bicultural, a world where English and Spanish are easily interchanged, where traditional Thanksgiving turkey is followed by lechon asado at Christmas as the main treat, where salsa or bolero are enjoyed with the same passion as rock'n roll or the big band sound. It is a world where various cultures have merged and the historical forces of slavery and Spanish and American colonialism have left their indelible marks on the psyche."

Psychodermatology is a relatively new field in evolution and thus, there is a comparative paucity of information in general. However, when it comes to children and adolescents there is a complete vacuum of information as no other book has aimed to specifically address the psychodermatological issues facing this particular population. For assessment, diagnosis, comprehensive treatment of children with psychodermatologic conditions and establishing a relationship between skin and psyche, there is a lack of clear and relevant clinical information about these complex disorders. The complexity of these disorders is related to lack of understanding in genetic, embryonic, physiologic, neuroimmunologic, neurocutaneous, stress-related neuromodulation, and psychosomatic interconnections. This book presents a clinically relevant approach to the management of psychodermatologic issues encountered in normal practice. Various classifications and major categories that are discussed include psychophysiologic disorders, psychiatric conditions with dermatologic manifestations, dermatologic disorders predisposing to psychiatric disorders, systemic diseases with psychodermatological manifestations, and special issues in management of psychocutaneous disorders in children and adolescents.

This volume of "Agents and Actions Supplements" provided a challenge to the editors, the authors and the publisher. It was our aim to complete the book in advance of the lectures to be given at the "International Symposium on Asthma and Allergic Diseases in Childhood," in Berne, Switzerland, on March 25th-27th, 1993. This symposium commemorates the 10th anniversary of the Swiss Association of Parents of Asthmatic and Allergic Children. The incidence of asthma and allergies generally is on the increase and demands everyone's attention, including that of physicians, researchers, allied health professionals and parents. There have been no recent breakthroughs in our understanding of asthma pathogenesis or treatment. However, forms of treatment, pathogenetic insights and public awareness are undergoing rapid changes as our knowledge of atopic diseases increases. For this reason we chose the title "Update on Childhood Asthma." The purpose of the papers is to summarize recent research results, to provide an update on the current approach to therapeutic interventions and to alert readers to the psychosomatic aspects of asthma. Whether the state of knowledge has already changed while you are holding this book in your hands is not so much dependent on a delay in publishing but on the speed of appearance of new research results. Fortunately, our ambitious target to edit the proceedings in advance of the conference has been successful. This was only possible because of the timely submission of papers, the speed of publication and the enthusiasm of the editors.

"Resilience in Children, Adolescents, and Adults: Translating Research into Practice "recognizes the growing need to strengthen the links between theory, assessment, interventions, and outcomes to give resilience a stronger empirical base, resulting in more effective interventions and strength-enhancing practice. This comprehensive volume clarifies core constructs of resilience and links these definitions to effective assessment. Leading researchers and clinicians examine effective scales, questionnaires, and other evaluative tools as well as instructive studies on cultural considerations in resilience, resilience in the context of disaster, and age-appropriate interventions.

Key coverage addresses diverse approaches and applications in multiple areas across the lifespan. Among the subject areas covered are:

- Perceived self-efficacy and its relationship to resilience.
- Resilience and mental health promotion in the schools.
- Resilience in childhood disorders.
- Critical resources for recovering from stress.
- Diversity, ecological, and lifespan issues in resilience.
- Exploring resilience through the lens of core self-evaluation.

"Resilience in Children, Adolescents, and Adults" is an important resource for researchers, clinicians and allied professionals, and graduate students in such fields as clinical child, school, and developmental psychology, child and adolescent psychiatry, education, counseling psychology, social work, and pediatrics.

Acute and chronic viral hepatitis infections are serious public health threats around the world. The different infections have different epidemiology and natural his- ries, and children play important roles in each of these. For example, children are important reservoirs for acute hepatitis A, childhood infections are responsible for most of the global morbidity associated with chronic hepatitis B, and perinatal transmission of hepatitis C continues to occur, even as the overall incidence of new infections wanes. Some non-A through E viral hepatitis infections are seen p- dominantly in infants and young children, while others have specific implications for this population. Therapeutic options for children with chronic viral hepatitis are limited when compared to those available for adults, especially for hepatitis B, and considerations given to long-term therapy have dramatic implications when dealing with the long life expectancy of these young patients. With these issues in mind, this unique volume has been created to address the special considerations regarding viral hepatitis in children. It includes the latest information and recommendations specifically directed at the pediatric population, and highlights the knowledge gaps which will need to be filled to improve our understanding of these infections and treatment of this special group. Experienced practitioners from around the world have contributed these reviews, incorporating the latest studies, the current recommendations, and the distinctive pediatric issues that shape clinical care, and will determine the research agenda for this field going forward.

This atlas is a practical approach to problems commonly encountered in paediatric tumour diagnosis. It comprehensively covers a wide range of common and unusual entities. Over 300 full-colour illustrations are complemented by a text which is pragmatic and succinct. References have been carefully selected to reflect current thought and well-written reviews. New treatment strategies have led to considerable improvement in the salvage rate and prognosis in childhood neoplasia. Histological diagnosis in this area is fraught with problems and the demand invariably has been for a prompt and accurate histological reporting. The problems although wide-ranging, are particularly manifest in the area of the small round-cell tumours which constitute an important proportion of paediatric cancers. This atlas will be invaluable as a bench manual for the practising pathologist and as a study aid for the trainee. It will also be of interest to all oncologists and paediatricians.

Paediatric Biomechanics and Motor Control brings together the very latest developmental research using biomechanical measurement and analysis techniques and is the first book to focus on biomechanical aspects of child development. The book is divided into four main sections - the biological changes in children; developmental changes in muscular force production; developmental changes in the biomechanics of postural control and fundamental motor skills and finally the applications of research into paediatric biomechanics and motor control in selected clinical populations. Written by a team of leading experts in paediatric exercise science, biomechanics and motor control from the UK, the US, Australia and Europe, the book is designed to highlight the key implications of this work for scientists, educators and clinicians. Each chapter is preceded by a short overview of the relevant theoretical concepts and concludes with a summary of the practical and clinical applications in relation to the existing literature on the topic. This book is important reading for any sport or exercise scientist, health scientist, physical therapist, sports coach or clinician with an interest in child development or health.

Molecular and Cell Biology of Muscular Dystrophy gives a series of accounts of various aspects of the remarkable breakthrough which has been achieved in our understanding of the Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophies and of the consequences and ramifications of this breakthrough.

The question about the function ofsleep remains one ofthe major challenges scientists are faced with. Wherein lies the fascination with sleep? I am convinced that it is the necessity for sleep. No one has failed to experience the overpowering urge to fall asleep after a disturbed night's sleep or after sleep was curtailed or deprived, especially when our daily activities impose restrictions on motor activity. The demand ofour body and brain to sleep challenges our understanding ofwhy this is the case, and which are the benefits ofa night ofprofound sleep. Also in animals prolongation of waking consistently increases their attempts to fall asleep. It has been stated that sleep is more necessary to animals than even food! The need for sleep and some insight into the consequences of the preceding daily waking activities on subsequent sleep was wonderfully formulated by Shakespeare in Othello: Not poppy nor mandragora, Nor all the drowsy syrups ofthe world, Shall ever medicine thee to that sweet sleep Which thou owed'st yesterday It is interesting that the most powerful single intervention which invariably influences sleep in a positive and predictable manner is the prolongation of waking. The activities which people or animals engage in during the wakefulness episode are secondary in the magnitude oftheir effects on sleep.

Hemorrhage and thrombosis are major hazards for pregnant women and their newborn infants. This book is concerned with the developmental mechanisms, the diagnosis and treatment, as well as the prevention of these hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders. The topics discussed in this volume, (1) perinatal hemorrhage in mothers and their offspring; (2) coagulation disorders complicating pregnancy; (3) neonatal intracranial hemorrhage; and, (4) vitamin K deficiency in the neonate, will help bridge the gap between basic scientists and clinicians and between the pediatri- cian and the obstetrician. Hopefully, all those concerned with preventing these disorders will be stimulated by the information and questions raised in the fol- lowing presentations. Acknowledgements We wish to thank Professors Takeshi Abe (Vice President, Teikyo University), Nobuyoshi Shinagawa (Hirosaki University), Hiroaki Soma (Tokyo Medical College), Tamotsu Miyazaki and Keisuke Sakurada (Hokkaido University) for their helpful advice. SHIGENORI SUZUKI WILLIAM E. HATHAWAY JOHN BONNAR ANTON H. SUTOR SHIGENORI SUZUKI. * 1936 in Sapporo, Japan. M.D., Uni- 'versity of Hokkaido, 1963. Lecturer, Hokkaido Univer- sity, 1974. Alexander Humboldt-Foundation Scholarship, Free University of Berlin. University of Munich, 1974- 1976. Foriner President, Japanese Society of Obstetrical, Gynecological, and Neonatal Hematology. President of International Symposium on Perinatal Thrombosis and Hemostasis (1989 Sapporo). Professor, College of Medi- cal Technology affiliated with Hokkaido University since 1983. WILLIAM E. HATHAWAY. * 1929 in Oklahoma, USA.

The genesis of this book occurred several years ago provide readers with not only the "what to do" of child behavior therapy, but the "how to do it" as in Seattle on the veranda of a Chilean cafe overlook well. Each of the chapters guides the reader through ing Pikes Place Market during a National Associa tion of School Psychologists conference. We were the clinical decision-making process, from identify ing a problem to evaluating the effectiveness of a discussing, along with several other behavioral school psychologists, how the field of child behavior chosen intervention. One of the difficulties in assembling an edited analysis and therapy has experienced rapid growth over the past forty years, but lamenting that books in book is ensuring a high degree of continuity and the area did not reflect the advancements made in the similarity between chapters, without infringing on assessment and treatment of a wide variety of prob the individual writing style of the authors. This lem behaviors evidenced by children. That is not to book is certainly no exception. To help with conti say that there are no good books available to the child nuity, we provided the authors with an outline to use behavior therapist. In fact, most readers of this book as a guide as they prepared their manuscripts. The undoubtedly have bookshelves lined with noteworthy operative word here is "guide.

In this timely volume, leading behavioral scientists describe recent advances in our understanding of the multiple biopsychosocial regulatory processes underlying the development of children s behavior disorders. A full spectrum of regulatory influences is addressed, ranging from genes to cultural factors. Individual chapters highlight the importance of developing research paradigms that synthesize biological, behavioral, and social-ecological influences, and of viewing self-regulation as a complex system that reorganizes across development. The regulatory foundations of a diverse range of childhood behavior problems are examined, including anxiety, social withdrawal, depression, conduct problems, inattention and impulsivity, and sleep problems.

Pituitary adenomas account for 10-15% of all intracranial tumors and they frequently impair fertility. The development of medical and surgical therapy for such tumors has turned pregnancy into a reality for women harboring pituitary adenomas. However, gestation risks for both mother and fetus are still of concern for endocrinologists, gynecologists and pediatricians. This book intends to update knowledge on this topic, mainly regarding fertility restoration as well as gestational and post gestational management of patients with pituitary tumors.

Diabetes mellitus is rapidly increasing in prevalence throughout both developed and developing countries. The social and economic burden of this disease is estimated to cost 14 billion dollars worldwide. In the USA alone, 15 million individuals are diabetic, nearly half of them unaware of their condition. Complications of diabetes mellitus are the leading causes for blindness, limb amputation and chronic renal failure and kidney transplantation in industrialized countries. Further, diabetes mellitus per se and the metabolic derangement associated with diabetes are important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Diabetes, as defined by an elevated fasting blood glucose level is presently subdivided in etiologically distinct groups. The most prevalent being type 2 (adult onset) diabetes characterized by insulin resistance and failure of the ~-cell to supply insulin in amounts sufficient to meet the body's needs. Type 1 (juvenile) diabetes, most commonly with an onset during childhood and adolescence, is caused by an auto-immune destruction of the pancreatic ~-cells. The causations of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes involve a combination of complex genetic traits and environmental influences. A third category are the mature onset diabetes of the young (MODY). This comparatively small group of patients (-10% of diabetes) presents relative early in life "30 years of age) compared to the more common late onset type 2 diabetes.

One volume-reference work with approximately 300 entries Each entry will contain 5-8 references Entries will kept under 7 pages, with limited references and cross-referenced to 5 other topics in the encyclopdia

Many residency programs in primary care specialties do not provide the education in pediatric orthopedics necessary to effectively deal with the field's challenges. Here, the authors present a framework for the effective evaluation of childhood musculoskeletal problems in a practical and problem-based manner. The volume contains case studies and over 200 illustrations.