Seeing older age as a time of loss and helplessness too often prevents therapists from providing treatments that can be of enormous benefit to older people.

Ken Laidlaw, Larry Thompson, Leah Dick-Siskin and Dolores Gallagher-Thompson draw upon their collective wealth of clinical experience to provide a comprehensive and practical guide to the applications of CBT to older adults.

Special features include:

• A new CBT model, effectively adapted from Beck's basic CBT model, for use with older adults.

• Numerous clinical examples of the usefulness of CBT to treat depression, anxiety, caregiver distress and sleep disturbances.

• Recommendations for treating depression co-morbid with common medical problems including stroke, Parkinson's disease, the dementias and arthritis.

• Specific recommendations for 'troubleshooting' frequent dilemmas, such as managing suicidality.

• Appendices containing blank examples of forms used within the text, and recommended self-help books and websites for further consultation.

To many of the people who live or work with an individual with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the processes by which those with autism make sense of the world around them may seem mysterious. In Understanding and Working with the Spectrum of Autism Wendy Lawson demonstrates these processes using comparisons from the non-ASD world to help professionals, families and carers to relate to and communicate with people with ASD better. Exercises at the back of the book encourage the reader to reflect on what has been discussed. The second part of the book contains chapters presenting a range of interventions and strategies for particular situations. Wendy illustrates her text with examples from her own life and from the lives of those she has met or worked with to clarify her points. She analyses ASD characteristics and examines interventions for dealing with social skills, anger management and self-esteem. Stress, its effects on the families of children with autism, and how best it can be alleviated, is also explored. Wendy writes in the light of her personal experience of an autism spectrum disorder as well as that of the available literature to create a book that is both readable and wide-ranging, furthering understanding of the links and differences between neurotypical individuals and those with ASD. Her book is an essential introduction to ASD for social workers, nurses, health professionals and those working in related fields.

The United States, we are told, is facing an obesity epidemic-a "battle of the bulge" of not just national, but global proportions-that requires drastic and immediate action. Experts in the media, medical science, and government alike are scrambling to find answers. What or who is responsible for this fat crisis, and what can we do to stop it? Abigail Saguy argues that these fraught and frantic debates obscure a more important question: How has fatness come to be understood as a public health crisis at all? Why, she asks, has the view of "fat" as a problem-a symptom of immorality, a medical pathology, a public health epidemic-come to dominate more positive framings of weight- as consistent with health, beauty, or a legitimate rights claim-in public discourse? Why are heavy individuals singled out for blame? And what are the consequences of understanding weight in these ways? What's Wrong with Fat? presents each of the various ways in which fat is understood in America today, examining the implications of understanding fatness as a health risk, disease, and epidemic, and revealing why we've come to understand the issue in these terms, despite considerable scientific uncertainty and debate. Saguy shows how debates over the relationship between body size and health risk take place within a larger, though often invisible, contest over whether we should understand fatness as obesity at all. Moreover, she reveals that public discussions of the "obesity crisis" do more harm than good, leading to bullying, weight-based discrimination, and misdiagnoses. Showing that the medical framing of fat is literally making us sick, What's Wrong with Fat? provides a crucial corrective to our society's misplaced obsession with weight.

Obesity is considered a serious and complex condition. All obese people have previously been overweight and its conditions represent an intriguing area of research both from a clinical and speculative point of view. This book is aimed at raising awareness on individuals who are overweight, a crucial point in order to prevent obesity progression and it is addressed to therapists who are willing to better understand the condition.

The role of adenosine and adenosine receptors in normal cell physiology and in diseases has been an area of active research over the last several decades. The field has advanced from the use of limited tools to examine receptor signaling and function to the use of various molecular and receptor knockout techniques to examine the details of the expression and functions and regulation of these receptors. This book highlights important milestones in adenosine receptor research and reviews recent findings from experts in different research areas. Several research areas, ranging from cardiovascular, cancer, and central nervous system research are discussed. Several of the chapters describe how understanding the basic cellular mechanisms regulated by adenosine could lead to the development of important therapeutics. The editors, Vickram Ramkumar and Roberto Paes-de-Carvalho, have published extensively on adenosine receptors for more than two decades and are still active in this field of research. It is our hope that this book provides an excellent synopsis of the current status of adenosine receptor research which would be valuable for researchers in the field and as a reference source for clinicians and others interested in this area.

Lung cancer, the most common and deadliest malignancy worldwide, is one of the biggest challenges for modern oncology. Although lung cancer presents the same incidence as breast or colorectal cancer, it causes as much deaths as breast and colorectal cancers together. Lung cancer demands our abilities as researchers, physicians, and care-givers in a multidisciplinary approach. Genetic, biology, pharmacy, pneumology, internal medicine, radiology, pathology, thoracic surgery, radiation, medical oncology and palliative care departments are essential members of the thoracic tumor boards. Fighting Lung Cancer through Conventional Therapies is the second volume of a saga entirely devoted to the treatment of lung cancer. In the age of targeted oncology, more than 90% of lung cancer patients are managed with conventional surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy only. Furthermore, 100% of them will need conventional treatments during the course of the disease. This volume updates indications, techniques, and applications of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the treatment of lung cancer by an international team of experts. Included within these pages are: epidemiology and pathology; baseline and mediastinal staging; minimally invasive surgery, video-assisted thoracic surgery, and standard surgery in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer; radiation therapy for early non-small cell lung cancer; the management of locally advanced non-small cell cancer; applications of surgery to metastatic lung cancer; the new role of radiotherapy in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer; conventional chemotherapy as well as experimental treatments and combos with targeted therapies; the treatment of early and advanced small cell lung cancer; the role of palliative supportive care; and the integration of all those disciplines in multidisciplinary tumor boards are exhaustively reviewed.

Physical inactivity has been recognised as one of the common modifiable risk factors for non-communicable diseases such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes. Increased level of physical activity is very effective for health maintenance. In this book, experts from all over the world present evidence for therapeutic physical activities illustrated by different cases. Physical activity can serve as both a preventive measure and a rehabilitation tool. The contents of this book cover the benefits of physical activity from young children with cerebral palsy to older adults with Parkinson's disease. Some chapters focus on specific illness, such as asthma; others study more popular problems like lower back pain. Furthermore, fall risks increase with age. It is a growing problem among the elders, their family, the community, the governments, and the world at large. There is a chapter in this book discussing this issue specifically. Individuals with one of the impairments touched upon in this book, as well as their families, doctors and other health workers can benefit from its contents. The topics of this book include kidney disease, coronary or peripheral artery disease, asthma, vestibular impairments, obstructive sleep apnea, cancer, lower back pain, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, Parkinson's disease, risk of falls, autism spectrum disorder, and cerebral palsy. Students and researchers can use this book as reference when they investigate the effects of physical activity as a preventive measure or therapeutic modality for other populations.

Targeted cancer therapies have revolutionised the therapeutic management of many neoplasms, modifying patients' prognosis and overall survival. These drugs block the cancer's growth and spread by interfering with specific molecules which play a crucial role in the proliferation, differentiation and survival of cancer cells. Targeted therapies act selectively on specific molecular targets related to cancers, whereas most of the conventional chemotherapies act on all rapidly dividing normal and neoplastic cells. Moreover, targeted therapies are often cytostatic and non-cytotoxic as standard chemotherapies. Taken together, these aspects appear important in reducing systemic toxicity and ensuring an improved safety profile. The inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular growth factor (VEGF) and BRAF represents major achievements in research and development of solid tumour's epithelial therapy. This class of biologics is currently widely used in the treatment of metastatic and unresponsive neoplasms of the colon, pancreas, lung, (NSCLC), breast, head and neck and melanoma. This book aims to emphasize skin toxicity associated with EGFR-, VEGF- and BRAF- inhibitors, focusing particularly on their clinical presentation, histopathological findings, and specific therapeutic options.

The prevalence of obesity in American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations has increased dramatically over the past 30 years. Although AIs are not a homogeneous group, all tribes throughout the U.S. have suffered adverse effects from the high prevalence of obesity. Overall, studies demonstrate that obesity begins early for AI/AN children and also is a significant problem for the adult population. Many chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, and breathing problems are associated with the increasing prevalence of obesity in AIs. The book is organized into four major sections: a literature review that synthesizes research findings pertaining to the prevalence of obesity and examines what is known about the major determinants and consequences of obesity as well as the nature and findings of various types of clinical and community-based interventions; activities of selected federal agencies in the area of obesity and AI/ANs; summary of a site visit to the Gila River Indian Community; and directions for future research.

Since the year 2000, exciting developments in cancer therapy have occurred. For decades in the 20th century, the hallmark of medical treatment for cancer had been cytotoxic chemotherapy, with drugs targeting rapidly dividing cells, including cancer cells but also certain normal tissues. As a result, many patients experienced the "classic" toxicities of alopecia, gastrointestinal symptoms and/or myelosuppression. In the last years, however, clinical research has been strongly occupied with the identification of mutations and aberrations concerning molecular pathways in cancer and their alterations, which has enabled the emergence of a "targeted" (somewhat personalized) medicine approach to treatment. Today, although traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the treatment of choice for many malignancies, notably as first-line agents, targeted therapies are a possible choice for many types of cancer, including breast, prostate, CRC, lung, kidney cancers, as well as lymphoma, leukaemia, and myeloma. Over 60 of these targeted therapies recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are detailed in the book, and their intended use in one or more cancer types are shown.

Obesity is now considered a global epidemic. Central obesity is the state of excess adiposity in the abdominal region. It is associated with increased, cardiovascular or cancer mortality. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) has recommended the assessment of central obesity mandatory for diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. Hitherto, there is a huge gap in our understanding of the role of central obesity as a health risk across different populations around the world. There also exist a vast population variation in the relationship between generalized obesity as measured by body mass index and /or percent body fat and the central adiposity measures. For instance, Asian-Indians have a typical phenotype of higher body fat at lower BMI levels compared to their European counterparts. Development and use of region specific standards of measurement of central obesity is in need until a universal agreement is achieved. With this background, the present volume has been organized with some very informative articles from highly reputed scholars, researching on obesity in general and on central obesity, in particular. We have here articles based on empirical data as well some review articles critically examining some theoretical, epidemiological and clinical aspects pertaining to the theme of this volume. Through the 14 chapters of this volume, we have attempted to cover diverse aspects concerning the paradigm of central or abdominal adiposity / obesity within a broader framework of obesity.

Botulinum toxin (BoNT)is a powerful neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Its mechanism of action consists of the induction of a temporary muscle paralysis through the inhibition of the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft. In this book, the authors discuss the uses and complications of botulinum toxin. Topics include the potential therapeutic applications of botulinum toxin in pain management and human epilepsy; a review of the efficacy and safety of currently available products; lower facial contouring with botulinum toxin; BoNT in urology, facial palsy, treatment of body deformities due to muscle hypertrophy, and for drug-refractory trigeminal neuralgia.

The Unified Protocols for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children and Adolescents, based in groundbreaking research from Jill Ehrenreich-May, David H. Barlow, and colleagues, suggest that there may be a simpler and more efficient method of utilizing effective strategies, such as those commonly included in CBT and third-wave behavior therapies, in a manner that addresses the broad array of emotional disorder symptoms in children and adolescents. The Unified Protocols for children and adolescents include a Therapist Guide with two full courses of therapy described (a modular, individual therapy for adolescents; and, a more structured, group therapy for children, complete with a full parent-directed component), as well as two Workbooks, one for children along with their parents or caregivers, and one for adolescents. The child and adolescent Unified Protocols frame effective strategies in the general language of strong or intense emotions and promote change through a common lens that applies across emotional disorders, including anxiety, depression, obsessive compulsive disorders and others. Specifically, the child and adolescent Unified Protocols help youth by allowing them to focus on a straightforward goal across emotional disorders: reducing intense negative emotion states by extinguishing the distress and anxiety these emotions produce through emotion-focused education, awareness techniques, cognitive strategies, problem-solving and an array of behavioral strategies, including a full-range of exposure and activation techniques.