This book is an elementary introduction to geometric topology and its applications to chemistry, molecular biology, and cosmology. It does not assume any mathematical or scientific background, sophistication, or even motivation to study mathematics. It is meant to be fun and engaging while drawing students in to learn about fundamental topological and geometric ideas. Though the book can be read and enjoyed by nonmathematicians, college students, or even eager high school students, it is intended to be used as an undergraduate textbook. The book is divided into three parts corresponding to the three areas referred to in the title. Part 1 develops techniques that enable two- and three-dimensional creatures to visualize possible shapes for their universe and to use topological and geometric properties to distinguish one such space from another. Part 2 is an introduction to knot theory with an emphasis on invariants. Part 3 presents applications of topology and geometry to molecular symmetries, DNA, and proteins. Each chapter ends with exercises that allow for better understanding of the material. The style of the book is informal and lively. Though all of the definitions and theorems are explicitly stated, they are given in an intuitive rather than a rigorous form, with several hundreds of figures illustrating the exposition. This allows students to develop intuition about topology and geometry without getting bogged down in technical details.

Cohomology operations are at the center of a major area of activity in algebraic topology. This technique for supplementing and enriching the algebraic structure of the cohomology ring has been instrumental to important progress in general homotopy theory and in specific geometric applications. For both theoretical and practical reasons, the formal properties of families of operations have received extensive analysis.
This text focuses on the single most important sort of operations, the Steenrod squares. It constructs these operations, proves their major properties, and provides numerous applications, including several different techniques of homotopy theory useful for computation. In the later chapters, the authors place special emphasis on calculations in the stable range. The text provides an introduction to methods of Serre, Toda, and Adams, and carries out some detailed computations. Prerequisites include a solid background in cohomology theory and some acquaintance with homotopy groups.

This invaluable book is based on the notes of a graduate course on differential geometry which the author gave at the Nankai Institute of Mathematics. It consists of two parts: the first part contains an introduction to the geometric theory of characteristic classes due to Shiing-shen Chern and Andre Weil, as well as a proof of the Gauss-Bonnet-Chern theorem based on the Mathai-Quillen construction of Thom forms; the second part presents analytic proofs of the Poincare-Hopf index formula, as well as the Morse inequalities based on deformations introduced by Edward Witten.

This book provides the theory for stratified spaces, along with important examples and applications, that is analogous to the surgery theory for manifolds. In the first expository account of this field, Weinberger provides topologists with a new way of looking at the classification theory of singular spaces with his original results.
Divided into three parts, the book begins with an overview of modern high-dimensional manifold theory. Rather than including complete proofs of all theorems, Weinberger demonstrates key constructions, gives convenient formulations, and shows the usefulness of the technology. Part II offers the parallel theory for stratified spaces. Here, the topological category is most completely developed using the methods of "controlled topology." Many examples illustrating the topological invariance and noninvariance of obstructions and characteristic classes are provided. Applications for embeddings and immersions of manifolds, for the geometry of group actions, for algebraic varieties, and for rigidity theorems are found in Part III.
This volume will be of interest to topologists, as well as mathematicians in other fields such as differential geometry, operator theory, and algebraic geometry.

Les Elements de mathematique de Nicolas Bourbaki ont pour objet une presentation rigoureuse, systematique et sans prerequis des mathematiques depuis leurs fondements.

Ce livre est le cinquieme du traite; il est consacre aux bases de l analyse fonctionnelle. Il contient en particulier le theoreme de Hahn-Banach et le theoreme de Banach-Steinhaus. Il comprend les chapitres: -1. Espaces vectoriels topologiques sur un corps value; -2. Ensembles convexes et espaces localement convexes; -3. Espaces d applications lineaires continues; -4. La dualite dans les espaces vectoriels topologiques; -5. Espaces hilbertiens (theorie elementaire).

Il contient egalement des notes historiques.

Ce volume a ete publie en 1981."

Les Elements de mathematique de Nicolas Bourbaki ont pour objet une presentation rigoureuse, systematique et sans prerequis des mathematiques depuis leurs fondements.

Ce premier volume du Livre de Topologie generale, troisieme Livre du traite, est consacre aux structures fondamentales en topologie, qui constituent les fondement de l analyse et de la geometrie. Il comprend les chapitres: 1. Structures topologiques; 2. Structures uniformes; 3. Groupes topologiques; 4. Nombres reels.

Il contient egalement des notes historiques.

Ce volume est une reimpression de l edition de 1971. "

Ce deuxieme volume du Livre de Topologie generale decrit de nombreux outils fondamentaux en topologie et en analyse, tels que le theoreme d'Urysohn, le theoreme de Baire ou les espaces polonais. Il comprend les chapitres: 1. Groupes a un parametre; 2. Espaces numeriques et espaces projectifs; 3. Les groupes additifs Rn; 4. Nombres complexes; 5. Utilisation des nombres reels en topologie generale; 6. Espaces fonctionnels."

This volume celebrates the 100th birthday of Professor Chen-Ning Frank Yang (Nobel 1957), one of the giants of modern science and a living legend. Starting with reminiscences of Yang's time at the research centre for theoretical physics at Stonybrook (now named C. N. Yang Institute) by his successor Peter van Nieuwenhuizen, the book is a collection of articles by world-renowned mathematicians and theoretical physicists. This emphasizes the Dialogue Between Physics and Mathematics that has been a central theme of Professor Yang's contributions to contemporary science. Fittingly, the contributions to this volume range from experimental physics to pure mathematics, via mathematical physics. On the physics side, the contributions are from Sir Anthony Leggett (Nobel 2003), Jian-Wei Pan (Willis E. Lamb Award 2018), Alexander Polyakov (Breakthrough Prize 2013), Gerard 't Hooft (Nobel 1999), Frank Wilczek (Nobel 2004), Qikun Xue (Fritz London Prize 2020), and Zhongxian Zhao (Bernd T. Matthias Prize 2015), covering an array of topics from superconductivity to the foundations of quantum mechanics. In mathematical physics there are contributions by Sir Roger Penrose (Nobel 2022) and Edward Witten (Fields Medal 1990) on quantum twistors and quantum field theory, respectively. On the mathematics side, the contributions by Vladimir Drinfeld (Fields Medal 1990), Louis Kauffman (Wiener Gold Medal 2014), and Yuri Manin (Cantor Medal 2002) offer novel ideas from knot theory to arithmetic geometry. Inspired by the original ideas of C. N. Yang, this unique collection of papers b masters of physics and mathematics provides, at the highest level, contemporary research directions for graduate students and experts alike.

After the development of manifolds and algebraic varieties in the previous century, mathematicians and physicists have continued to advance concepts of space. These books explore various new notions of space, including both formal and conceptual points of view, as presented by leading experts at the New Spaces in Mathematics and Physics workshop held at the Institut Henri Poincare in 2015. They are addressed primarily to mathematicians and mathematical physicists, but also to historians and philosophers of these disciplines.

Boldly original and boundary defining, The Topological Imagination clears a space for an intellectual encounter with the shape of human imagining. Joining two commonly opposed domains, literature and mathematics, Angus Fletcher maps the imagination's ever-ramifying contours and dimensions, and along the way compels us to re-envision our human existence on the most unusual sphere ever imagined, Earth. Words and numbers are the twin powers that create value in our world. Poetry and other forms of creative literature stretch our ability to evaluate through the use of metaphors. In this sense, the literary imagination aligns with topology, the branch of mathematics that studies shape and space. Topology grasps the quality of geometries rather than their quantifiable measurements. It envisions how shapes can be bent, twisted, or stretched without losing contact with their original forms-one of the discoveries of the eighteenth-century mathematician Leonhard Euler, whose Polyhedron Theorem demonstrated how shapes preserve "permanence in change," like an aging though familiar face. The mysterious dimensionality of our existence, Fletcher says, is connected to our inhabiting a world that also inhabits us. Theories of cyclical history reflect circulatory biological patterns; the day-night cycle shapes our adaptive, emergent patterns of thought; the topology of islands shapes the evolution of evolutionary theory. Connecting literature, philosophy, mathematics, and science, The Topological Imagination is an urgent and transformative work, and a profound invitation to thought.

"Explorations in Topology, Second Edition," provides students a rich experience with low-dimensional topology (map coloring, surfaces, and knots), enhances their geometrical and topological intuition, empowers them with new approaches to solving problems, and provides them with experiences that will help them make sense of future, more formal topology courses.

The book's innovative story-line style models the problem-solving process, presents the development of concepts in a natural way, and engages students in meaningful encounters with the material. The updated end-of-chapter investigations provide opportunities to work on many open-ended, non-routine problems and, through a modified "Moore method," to make conjectures from which theorems emerge. The revised end-of-chapter notes provide historical background to the chapter's ideas, introduce standard terminology, and make connections with mainstream mathematics. The final chapter of projects provides ideas for continued research.

"Explorations in Topology, Second Edition," enhances upper division courses and is a valuable reference for all levels of students and researchers working in topology.
Students begin to solve substantial problems from the startIdeas unfold through the context of a storyline, and students become actively involvedThe text models the problem-solving process, presents the development of concepts in a natural way, and helps the reader engage with the material

This book explores a number of new applications of invariant quasi-finite diffused Borel measures in Polish groups for a solution of various problems stated by famous mathematicians (for example, Carmichael, Erdos, Fremlin, Darji and so on). By using natural Borel embeddings of an infinite-dimensional function space into the standard topological vector space of all real-valued sequences, (endowed with the Tychonoff topology) a new approach for the construction of different translation-invariant quasi-finite diffused Borel measures with suitable properties and for their applications in a solution of various partial differential equations in an entire vector space is proposed.

An easily accessible introduction to over three centuries of innovations in geometry

Praise for the First Edition

." . . a welcome alternative to compartmentalized treatments bound to the old thinking. This clearly written, well-illustrated book supplies sufficient background to be self-contained." --CHOICE

This fully revised new edition offers the most comprehensive coverage of modern geometry currently available at an introductory level. The book strikes a welcome balance between academic rigor and accessibility, providing a complete and cohesive picture of the science with an unparalleled range of topics.

Illustrating modern mathematical topics, "Introduction to Topology and Geometry, Second Edition "discusses introductory topology, algebraic topology, knot theory, the geometry of surfaces, Riemann geometries, fundamental groups, and differential geometry, which opens the doors to a wealth of applications. With its logical, yet flexible, organization, the "Second Edition: "- Explores historical notes interspersed throughout the exposition to provide readers with a feel for how the mathematical disciplines and theorems came into being- Provides exercises ranging from routine to challenging, allowing readers at varying levels of study to master the concepts and methods- Bridges seemingly disparate topics by creating thoughtful and logical connections- Contains coverage on the elements of polytope theory, which acquaints readers with an exposition of modern theory"Introduction to Topology and Geometry, Second Edition "is an excellent introductory text for topology and geometry courses at the upper-undergraduate level. In addition, the book serves as an ideal reference for professionals interested in gaining a deeper understanding of the topic.

A user-friendly introduction to metric and topological groups

"Topological Groups: An Introduction" provides a self-contained presentation with an emphasis on important families of topological groups. The book uniquely provides a modern and balanced presentation by using metric groups to present a substantive introduction to topics such as duality, while also shedding light on more general results for topological groups.

Filling the need for a broad and accessible introduction to the subject, the book begins with coverage of groups, metric spaces, and topological spaces before introducing topological groups. Since linear spaces, algebras, norms, and determinants are necessary tools for studying topological groups, their basic properties are developed in subsequent chapters. For concreteness, product topologies, quotient topologies, and compact-open topologies are first introduced as metric spaces before their open sets are characterized by topological properties. These metrics, along with invariant metrics, act as excellent stepping stones to the subsequent discussions of the following topics:

Matrix groups

Connectednesss of topological groups

Compact groups

Character groups

Exercises found throughout the book are designed so both novice and advanced readers will be able to work out solutions and move forward at their desired pace. All chapters include a variety of calculations, remarks, and elementary results, which are incorporated into the various examples and exercises.

"Topological Groups: An Introduction" is an excellent book for advanced undergraduate and graduate-level courses on the topic. The book also serves as a valuable resource for professionals working in the fields of mathematics, science, engineering, and physics.

Mathematics has been behind many of humanity's most significant advances in fields as varied as genome sequencing, medical science, space exploration, and computer technology. But those breakthroughs were yesterday. Where will mathematicians lead us tomorrow and can we help shape that destiny? This book assembles carefully selected articles highlighting and explaining cutting-edge research and scholarship in mathematics with an emphasis on three manifolds.

In this book, generally speaking, some properties of bitopological spaces generated by certain non-symmetric functions are studied. These functions, called "probabilistic quasi-pseudo-metrics" and "fuzzy quasi-pseudo-metrics", are generalisations of classical quasi-pseudo metrics. For the sake of completeness as well as for convenience and easy comparison, most of the introductory paragraphs are mainly devoted to fundamental notions and results from the classical -- deterministic or symmetric -- theory.

A fresh approach to introductory topology, this volume explains nontrivial applications of metric space topology to analysis, clearly establishing their relationship. Also, topics from elementary algebraic topology focus on concrete results with minimal algebraic formalism. The first two chapters consider metric space and point-set topology; the second two, algebraic topological material. 1983 ed. Solutions to Selected Exercises. List of Notations. Index. 51 illus.

Physics/Mathematics

Every advanced undergraduate and graduate student of physics must master the concepts of vectors and vector analysis. Yet most textbooks cover this topic by merely repeating the introductory-level treatment based on a limited algebraic or analytic view of the subject.

By contrast, Geometrical Vectors introduces a more sophisticated approach, which not only brings together many loose ends of the traditional treatment, but also leads directly into the practical use of vectors in general curvilinear coordinates by carefully separating those relationships which are topologically invariant from those which are not. Based on the essentially geometric nature of the subject, this approach builds consistently on students' prior knowledge and geometrical intuition.

Written in an informal and personal style, Geometrical Vectors provides a handy guide for any student of vector analysis. Clear, carefully constructed line drawings illustrate key points in the text, and a set of problems is provided at the end of each chapter (except the Epilogue) to deepen understanding of the material presented. Pertinent physical examples are cited to show how geometrically informed methods of vector analysis may be applied to situations of special interest to physicists.

Students love Schaums--and this new guide will show you why! Graph Theory takes you straight to the heart of graphs. As you study along at your own pace, this study guide shows you step by step how to solve the kind of problems youre going to find on your exams. It gives you hundreds of completely worked problems with full solutions. Hundreds of additional problems let you test your skills, then check the ansers. So if you want to get a firm handle on graph theory--whether to ace your graph course, to supplement a course that uses graphs, or to build a solid basis for future study--theres no better tool than Schaums. This guide makes a wonderful supplement to your class text, but it is so comprehensive that it can even be used alone as a complete graph theory independent study course!

Ein Jahrhundert Knotentheorie - Was ist ein Knoten - Kombinatorische Techniken - Geometrische Techniken - Algebraische Techniken - Geometrie, Algebra und das Alexander Polynom - Numerische Invarianten - Symmetrien von Knoten - Hoherdimensionale Knotentheorie - Neue kombinatorische Techniken - Anhang 1: Knotentabelle - Anhang 2: Alexander Polynome
Knotentheorie (als Teilgebiet der Topologie) ist zur Zeit sehr popular, vor allem wegen der vielen Anwendungen, nicht nur in der Mathematik, sondern auch in der Physik. Das Buch eignet sich als Grundlage fur ein Seminar im Grundstudium Mathematik. Es richtet sich aber auch an Mathematiker und Naturwissenschaftler allgemein, die etwas uber Knotentheorie lernen mochten, ohne auf Fachartikel und spezielle Monographien zuruckgreifen zu mussen.

This book presents fixed point theory, one of the crucial tools in applied mathematics, functional analysis, and topology, which has been used to solve distinct real-world problems in computer science, engineering, and physics. The authors begin with an overview of the extension of metric spaces. Readers are introduced to general fixed-point theorems while comparing and contrasting important and insignificant metric spaces. The book is intended to be self-contained and serves as a unique resource for researchers in various disciplines.

Specialized as it might be, continuum theory is one of the most intriguing areas in mathematics. However, despite being popular journal fare, few books have thoroughly explored this interesting aspect of topology.

In Topics on Continua, Sergio Macias, one of the field's leading scholars, presents four of his favorite continuum topics: inverse limits, Jones's set function "T," homogenous continua, and "n"-fold hyperspaces, and in doing so, presents the most complete set of theorems and proofs ever contained in a single topology volume. Many of the results presented have previously appeared only in research papers, and some appear here for the first time.

After building the requisite background and exploring the inverse limits of continua, the discussions focus on Professor Jones's set function "T "and continua for which "T" is continuous. An introduction to topological groups and group actions lead to a proof of Effros's Theorem, followed by a presentation of two decomposition theorems. The author then offers an in-depth study of "n"-fold hyperspaces. This includes their general properties, conditions that allow points of "n"-fold symmetric products to be arcwise accessible from their complement, points that arcwise disconnect the "n"-fold hyperspaces, the "n"-fold hyperspaces of graphs, and theorems relating "n"-fold hyperspaces and cones. The concluding chapter presents a series of open questions on each topic discussed in the book.

With more than a decade of teaching experience, Macias is able to put forth exceptionally cogent discussions that not only give beginning mathematicians a strong grounding in continuum theory, but also form an authoritative, single-source guidethrough some of topology's most captivating facets.

Groups as abstract structures were first recognized by mathematicians in the nineteenth century. Groups are, of course, sets given with appropriate "multiplications," and they are often given together with actions on interesting geometric objects. But groups are also interesting geometric objects by themselves. More precisely, a finitely-generated group can be seen as a metric space, the distance between two points being defined "up to quasi-isometry" by some "word length," and this gives rise to a very fruitful approach to group theory.
In this book, Pierre de la Harpe provides a concise and engaging introduction to this approach, a new method for studying infinite groups via their intrinsic geometry that has played a major role in mathematics over the past two decades. A recognized expert in the field, de la Harpe uses a hands-on presentation style, illustrating key concepts of geometric group theory with numerous concrete examples.
The first five chapters present basic combinatorial and geometric group theory in a unique way, with an emphasis on finitely-generated versus finitely-presented groups. In the final three chapters, de la Harpe discusses new material on the growth of groups, including a detailed treatment of the "Grigorchuk group," an infinite finitely-generated torsion group of intermediate growth which is becoming more and more important in group theory. Most sections are followed by exercises and a list of problems and complements, enhancing the book's value for students; problems range from slightly more difficult exercises to open research questions in the field. An extensive list of references directs readers to more advanced results as well as connectionswith other subjects.