Throughout recent history, the theory of knot invariants has been a fascinating melting pot of ideas and scientific cultures, blending mathematics and physics, geometry, topology and algebra, gauge theory, and quantum gravity. The 2013 Seminaire de Mathematiques Superieures in Montreal presented an opportunity for the next generation of scientists to learn in one place about the various perspectives on knot homology, from the mathematical background to the most recent developments, and provided an access point to the relevant parts of theoretical physics as well. This volume presents a cross-section of topics covered at that summer school and will be a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers wishing to learn about this rapidly growing field.

Homotopy is a basic discipline of mathematics having fundamental and various applications to important fields of mathematics. The Journal has a wide scope which ranges from homotopical algebra and algebraic number theory and functional analysis. Diverse algebraic, geometric, topological and categorical structures are closely related to homotopy and the influence of homotopy is found in many fundamental areas of mathematics such as general algebra, algebraic topology, algebraic geometry, category theory, differential geometry, computer science, K-theory, functional analysis, Galois theory ad in physical sciences as well. The J. Homotopy and Related Structures intends to develop its vision on the determining role of homotopy in mathematics. the aim of the Journal is to show the importance, merit and diversity of homotopy in mathematical sciences. The J. Homotopy and Related structures is primarily concerned with publishing carefully refereed significant and original research papers. However a limited number of carefully selected survey and expository papers are also included, and special issues devoted to Proceedings of meetings in the field as well as to Festschrifts.

Geometric group theory refers to the study of discrete groups using tools from topology, geometry, dynamics and analysis. The field is evolving very rapidly and the present volume provides an introduction to and overview of various topics which have played critical roles in this evolution. The book contains lecture notes from courses given at the Park City Math Institute on Geometric Group Theory. The institute consists of a set of intensive short courses offered by leaders in the field, designed to introduce students to exciting, current research in mathematics. These lectures do not duplicate standard courses available elsewhere. The courses begin at an introductory level suitable for graduate students and lead up to currently active topics of research. The articles in this volume include introductions to CAT(0) cube complexes and groups, to modern small cancellation theory, to isometry groups of general CAT(0) spaces, and a discussion of nilpotent genus in the context of mapping class groups and CAT(0) groups. One course surveys quasi-isometric rigidity, others contain an exploration of the geometry of Outer space, of actions of arithmetic groups, lectures on lattices and locally symmetric spaces, on marked length spectra and on expander graphs, Property tau and approximate groups. This book is a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers interested in geometric group theory.

This textbook offers an accessible, modern introduction at undergraduate level to an area known variously as general topology, point-set topology or analytic topology with a particular focus on helping students to build theory for themselves. It is the result of several years of the authors' combined university teaching experience stimulated by sustained interest in advanced mathematical thinking and learning, alongside established research careers in analytic topology. Point-set topology is a discipline that needs relatively little background knowledge, but sufficient determination to grasp ideas precisely and to argue with straight and careful logic. Research and long experience in undergraduate mathematics education suggests that an optimal way to learn such a subject is to teach it to yourself, pro-actively, by guided reading of brief skeleton notes and by doing your own spadework to fill in the details and to flesh out the examples. This text will facilitate such an approach for those learners who opt to do it this way and for those instructors who would like to encourage this so-called 'Moore approach', even for a modest segment of the teaching term or for part of the class. In reality, most students simply do not have the combination of time, background and motivation needed to implement such a plan fully. The accessibility, flexibility and completeness of this text enable it to be used equally effectively for more conventional instructor-led courses. Critically, it furnishes a rich variety of exercises and examples, many of which have specimen solutions, through which to gain in confidence and competence.

2013 Reprint of 1956 Edition. Full facsimile of the original edition, not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. Ergodic theory is a branch of mathematics that studies dynamical systems with an invariant measure and related problems. Its initial development was motivated by problems of statistical physics. A central concern of ergodic theory is the behavior of a dynamical system when it is allowed to run for a long time. Paul Richard Halmos (1916 - 2006) was a Hungarian-born American mathematician who made fundamental advances in the areas of probability theory, statistics, operator theory, ergodic theory, and functional analysis (in particular, Hilbert spaces). He was also recognized as a great mathematical expositor.

Homotopy is a basic discipline of mathematics having fundamental and various applications to important fields of mathematics. The Journal has a wide scope which ranges from homotopical algebra and algebraic number theory and functional analysis. Diverse algebraic, geometric, topological and categorical structures are closely related to homotopy and the influence of homotopy is found in many fundamental areas of mathematics such as general algebra, algebraic topology, algebraic geometry, category theory, differential geometry, computer science, K-theory, functional analysis, Galois theory ad in physical sciences as well. The J. Homotopy and Related Structures intends to develop its vision on the determining role of homotopy in mathematics. the aim of the Journal is to show the importance, merit and diversity of homotopy in mathematical sciences. The J. Homotopy and Related structures is primarily concerned with publishing carefully refereed significant and original research papers. However a limited number of carefully selected survey and expository papers are also included, and special issues devoted to Proceedings of meetings in the field as well as to Festschrifts.

Classroom-tested and much-cited, this concise text offers a valuable and instructive introduction for undergraduates to the basic concepts of topology. It takes an intuitive rather than an axiomatic viewpoint, and can serve as a supplement as well as a primary text.
A few selected topics allow students to acquire a feeling for the types of results and the methods of proof in mathematics, including mathematical induction. Subsequent problems deal with networks and maps, provide practice in recognizing topological equivalence of figures, examine a proof of the Jordan curve theorem for the special case of a polygon, and introduce set theory. The concluding chapters examine transformations, connectedness, compactness, and completeness. The text is well illustrated with figures and diagrams.

"What Vesalius was to Galen, what Copernicus was to Ptolemy, that was Lobachevski to Euclid." Lobachevski was the first to publish non-Euclidean geometry. An unabridged printing, to include all figures, from the translation by Halsted.

Homotopy is a basic discipline of mathematics having fundamental and various applications to important fields of mathematics. The Journal has a wide scope which ranges from homotopical algebra and algebraic number theory and functional analysis. Diverse algebraic, geometric, topological and categorical structures are closely related to homotopy and the influence of homotopy is found in many fundamental areas of mathematics such as general algebra, algebraic topology, algebraic geometry, category theory, differential geometry, computer science, K-theory, functional analysis, Galois theory ad in physical sciences as well. The J. Homotopy and Related Structures intends to develop its vision on the determining role of homotopy in mathematics. the aim of the Journal is to show the importance, merit and diversity of homotopy in mathematical sciences. The J. Homotopy and Related structures is primarily concerned with publishing carefully refereed significant and original research papers. However a limited number of carefully selected survey and expository papers are also included, and special issues devoted to Proceedings of meetings in the field as well as to Festschrifts.

The aim of this book is threefold: to reinstate distance functions as a principal tool of general topology, to promote the use of distance functions on various mathematical objects and a thinking in terms of distances also in nontopological contexts, and to make more specific contributions to distance theory. We start by learning the basic properties of distance, endowing all kinds of mathematical objects with a distance function, and studying interesting kinds of mappings between such objects. This leads to new characterizations of many well-known types of mappings. Then a suitable notion of distance spaces is developed, general enough to induce most topological structures, and we study topological properties of mappings like the concept of strong uniform continuity. Important results include a new characterization of the similarity maps between Euclidean spaces, and generalizations of completion methods and fixed point theorems, most notably of the famous one by Brouwer. We close with a short study of distance visualization techniques.

Appropriate for both students and professionals, this volume starts with the first principles of topology and advances to general analysis. Three levels of examples and problems, ordered and numbered by degree of difficulty, illustrate important concepts. A 40-page appendix, featuring tables of theorems and counter examples, provides a valuable reference.
From explorations of topological space, convergence, and separation axioms, the text proceeds to considerations of sup and weak topologies, products and quotients, compactness and compactification, and complete semimetric space. The concluding chapters explore metrization, topological groups, and function spaces. Each subject area is supplemented with examples, problems, and exercises that progress to increasingly rigorous levels. All examples and problems are classified as essential, optional, and advanced.

Appropriate for advanced undergraduates and graduate students, this text by two renowned mathematicians was hailed by the "Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society" as "a very welcome addition to the mathematical literature." 1963 edition.

Topology Is A Branch Of Pure Mathematics That Deals With The Abstract Relationships Found In Geometry And Analysis. Written With The Mature Student In Mind, Foundations Of Topology, Second Edition, Provides A User-Friendly, Clear, And Concise Introduction To This Fascinating Area Of Mathematics. The Author Introduces Topics That Are Well Motivated With Thorough Proofs That Make Them Easy To Follow. Historical Comments Are Dispersed Throughout The Text, And Exercises, Varying In Degree Of Difficulty, Are Found At The End Of Each Chapter. Foundations Of Topology Is An Excellent Text For Teaching Students How To Develop The Skill To Write Clear And Precise Proofs.

Learn the basics of point-set topology with the understanding of its real-world application to a variety of other subjects including science, economics, engineering, and other areas of mathematics. Introduces topology as an important and fascinating mathematics discipline to retain the readers interest in the subject. Is written in an accessible way for readers to understand the usefulness and importance of the application of topology to other fields. Introduces topology concepts combined with their real-world application to subjects such DNA, heart stimulation, population modeling, cosmology, and computer graphics. Covers topics including knot theory, degree theory, dynamical systems and chaos, graph theory, metric spaces, connectedness, and compactness. A useful reference for readers wanting an intuitive introduction to topology.

This text covers topological spaces and properties, some advanced calculus, differentiable manifolds, orientability, submanifolds and an embedding theorem, tangent spaces, vector fields and integral curves, Whitney's embedding theorem, more. Includes 88 helpful illustrations. 1982 edition.

This is the third edition of a classic text, previously published in 1968, 1988, and now extended, revised, retitled, updated, and reasonably priced. Throughout it gives motivation and context for theorems and definitions. Thus the definition of a topology is first related to the example of the real line; it is then given in terms of the intuitive notion of neighbourhoods, and then shown to be equivalent to the elegant but spare definition in terms of open sets. Many constructions of topologies are shown to be necessitated by the desire to construct continuous functions, either from or into a space. This is in the modern categorical spirit, and often leads to clearer and simpler proofs. There is a full treatment of finite cell complexes, with the cell decompositions given of projective spaces, in the real, complex and quaternionic cases. This is based on an exposition of identification spaces and adjunction spaces. The exposition of general topology ends with a description of the topology for function spaces, using the modern treatment of the test-open topology, from compact Hausdorff spaces, and so a description of a convenient category of spaces (a term due to the author) in the non Hausdorff case. The second half of the book demonstrates how the use of groupoids rather than just groups gives in 1-dimensional homotopy theory more powerful theorems with simpler proofs. Some of the proofs of results on the fundamental groupoid would be difficult to envisage except in the form given: We verify the required universal property'. This is in the modern categorical spirit. Chapter 6 contains the development of the fundamental groupoid on a set of base points, including the background in category theory. The proof of the van Kampen Theorem in this general form resolves a failure of traditional treatments, in giving a direct computation of the fundamental group of the circle, as well as more complicated examples. Chapter 7 uses the notion of cofibration to develop the notion of operations of the fundamental groupoid on certain sets of homotopy classes. This allows for an important theorem on gluing homotopy equivalences by a method which gives control of the homotopies involved. This theorem first appeared in the 1968 edition. Also given is the family of exact sequences arising from a fibration of groupoids. The development of Combinatorial Groupoid Theory in Chapter 8 allows for unified treatments of free groups, free products of groups, and HNN-extensions, in terms of pushouts of groupoids, and well models the topology of gluing spaces together. These methods lead in Chapter 9 to results on the Phragmen-Brouwer Property, with a Corollary that the complement of any arc in an n-sphere is connected, and then to a proof of the Jordan Curve Theorem. Chapter 10 on covering spaces is again fully in the base point free spirit; it proves the natural theorem that for suitable spaces X, the category of covering spaces of X is equivalent to the category of covering morphisms of the fundamental groupoid of X. This approach gives a convenient way of obtaining covering maps from covering morphisms, and leads easily to traditional results using operations of the fundamental group. Results on pullbacks of coverings are proved using a Mayer-Vietoris type sequence. No other text treats the whole theory directly in this way. Chapter 11 is on Orbit Spaces and Orbit Groupoids, and gives conditions for the fundamental groupoid of the orbit space to be the orbit groupoid of the fundamental groupoid. No other topology text treats this important area. Comments on the relations to the literature are given in Notes at the end of each Chapter. There are over 500 exercises, 114 figures, numerous diagrams. See http: //www.bangor.ac.uk/r.brown/topgpds.html for more information. See http: //mathdl.maa.org/mathDL/19/?rpa=reviews&sa=viewBook& bookId=69421 for a Mathematical Association of America review.

This text presents a consistent description of the geometric and quaternionic treatment of rotation operators. Covers the fundamentals of symmetries, matrices, and groups and presents a primer on rotations and rotation matrices. Also explores rotations and angular momentum, tensor bases, the bilinear transformation, projective representations, more. Includes problems with solutions.

Describes orthgonal and related Lie groups, using real or complex parameters and indefinite metrics. Develops theory of spinors by giving a purely geometric definition of these mathematical entities. Covers generalities on the group of rotations in n-dimensional space, the theory of spinors in spaces of any number of dimensions and much more.

UEbung macht den Meister - so ist es auch in der Mathematik. Dieses Buch enthalt rund 450 Aufgaben aus verschiedenen Themenbereichen der Analysis II, die der Leserin/dem Leser dieses Buches beim Selbststudium, der hauslichen Nacharbeit des Vorlesungsstoffes und der Klausurvorbereitung helfen sollen. Dabei ist das Buch als ein Begleitwerkzeug zu verstehen, das die eifrige Leserin/den eifrigen Leser beim eigenstandigen Entwickeln von Loesungen durch gezielte Hinweise und verstandliche Loesungen unterstutzen soll. Sollten bei der Bearbeitung der Aufgaben Probleme oder Fragen aufkommen, so kann der entsprechende Loesungshinweis im zweiten Teil des Buches nachgeschlagen werden. Die eigens entwickelte Loesung der Leserin/des Lesers kann dann im Teil Loesungen mit der detaillierten und verstandlich geschriebenen Loesung abgeglichen werden. Der letzte Teil dieses Buches enthalt funf UEbungsklausuren mit unterschiedlichem Umfang, Schwierigkeitsgrad und Fokus auf einzelne Resultate und Methoden aus der Analysis II, mit denen sich die Leserin/der Leser auf eine schriftliche Prufung vorbereiten kann. Da die Vorlesung Analysis II von Universitat zu Universitat mit teilweise sehr unterschiedlichen Schwerpunkten gehalten wird, ist es denkbar, dass einige Themenbereich, die in diesem Buch behandelt werden, eher in die Analysis III oder in ein anderes Fach eingeordnet werden koennen. Dieses Buch koennte damit also auch fur Leserinnen/Leser von Interesse sein, die gerade die Vorlesung Vektoranalysis, Mass- und Integrationstheorie, Funktionalanalysis oder gewoehnliche Differentialgleichungen besuchen.