The Physiology of Dolphins explains the complex physiological problems of dolphins that are largely driven by technological developments of biologging tools. Sections cover the complete physiology of the mammal and include information on current threats for dolphins and whales from environmental pressures such as climate change, overfishing, pollution and our increasing human presence in the ocean. Users will find a collection of review chapters from leaders in the field of dolphin ecophysiology, making this comprehensive resource essential for instructors, researchers, and graduate students interested in the physiological and anatomical adaptations that make life possible for this charismatic marine mammal. This is an excellent reference providing easy to follow details of the latest available research methods and technologies that is expanding the field of physiology in marine mammals.

The lymphatic system develops and functions in parallel with the blood circulatory system (termed the "hemovasculature") and accomplishes transport of interstitial fluids, dietary lipids, and reverse transport of cholesterol, immune cells, and antigens-providing a critical homeostatic fluid balance and transmission of immune cells and mediators back to the cardiovascular system. Although the daily flow of lymph (normally 1-2 L/day under unstressed conditions) is far lower than that of daily blood flow (which is 7,500 L/day), without the adequate functioning of the lymphatics, virtually all organs and tissues would acutely suffer many different physical and inflammatory stresses ranging from edema to organ system failure. Although blood and lymphatic vessels often form in anatomic parallels to one another, our knowledge of the workings of the lymphatic system, the fine structure of lymphatic networks, how they function in different organs, and how they are regulated physiologically and immunologically are far from parallel; our knowledge of the lymphatic system still remains at only a tiny fraction of what is understood about the cardiovascular system. Although both the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems are important transport systems, what they transport and how they transport and propel these very different cargoes could not be more dissimilar. This book provides an overview of the history of the discovery (and re-discovery) of the components of the lymphatic system, lymphatic anatomy, physiological functions of lymphatics, molecular features of the lymphatic system, and clinical perspectives involving lymphatics which may be of interest to scientists, clinicians, patients, and the lay public. We provide a current understanding of some of the more important structural similarities and differences between lymphatics and the blood vascular system, their coordinated control by angiogenic and hemangiogenic growth factors and other modulators, the fate and lineage determinants which control lymphatic development, and the roles that lymphatics may play in several different diseases.

The Theory of Endobiogeny Volume 2: Foundational Concepts for Treatments of Common Clinical Conditions addresses the core elements of the adaptation response to stressors: autonomic nervous system (ANS), corticotropic axis, immunity and digestive tract function. The volume is oriented for clinical practice, offering clear discussions on treating the root cause of numerous common disorders, and symptomatically addressing the destabilizing factor in a vast number of disorders ranging from depression to irritable bowel, and from migraines to insomnia called spasmophilia.

Effect of High-Pressure Technologies on Enzyme: Science and Applications provides a deep, practical discussion of high-pressure processing (HPP) and high-pressure homogenization (HPH) technologies and biochemical approaches, applied across research and industry, with applications ranging from food to pharmaceuticals and commercial enzyme production. Early chapters discuss foundational aspects of HPP and HPH approaches; the science of enzyme modification; and basic aspects of enzyme activity, stability, and structure as studied in biochemical processes. Later chapters consider the effect of HPP and HPH technologies and their mechanisms of controlling enzyme modification to improve enzyme performance for chosen applications. Special attention is paid to the application of HPP and HPH technologies and enzyme modifications in food processing, microbial enzyme modification, drug discovery, and production of other commercial enzymes, as well as the challenges of undesirable enzyme inactivation. The final chapter discusses future directions of the field and technologies, and expanded applications.

Epigenetics and Breeding, Volume 88, the latest release in the Advances in Botanical Research series, brings together the experiences and critical information teachers, researchers and managers must consider from both scientific and legal points-of-view as they relate to biotechnology. New chapters in this updated volume include sections on Epigenetic Mechanisms in Plants, Epigenomic Diversity and Applications to Breeding, Epigenetics in Breeding, EpiRILs: Lessons from Arabidopsis, Transposable Elements as a Tool for Plant Improvement, Epigenome Editing, Epigenetics and Grafting, Sexual and Non-sexual reproduction, Epigenetics in Cereals, and more.

Pulmonary Assessment and Management of Patients with Pediatric Neuromuscular Disease covers the broad medical problems and specific pulmonary conditions in patients with pediatric neuromuscular disease, ranging from the different types of neuromuscular disease, their pathophysiology, and assessment and management, including both novel disease modifying pharmacotherapies and state-of-the-art clinical management. This book provides evidence-based guidance for pediatric patients with neuromuscular disease, and is a valuable resource to pediatric pulmonologists, critical care physicians, and respiratory therapists who want an update and understanding on the cutting-edge therapies and standards of care for managing this population.

Stem Cell Laboratory Techniques: A Guide for Researchers and Students introduces the reader to stem cell culture, handling techniques and versatile applications used by researchers. Sections introduce stem cells, including definitions, types and basic use of stem cells in biomedical science research. The book explains laboratory procedures and techniques ranging from the extraction of stem cells from animals, cell seeding and culture, harvest and maintenance of stem cells, stem cell characterization, accurate recording, quality control, and more. In addition, it guides researchers on topics such as transcriptome analysis, proliferation study analysis, and microphysiological study. Final sections cover useful and recent applications in stem cells, such as gene editing techniques and the preparation of stem cells for in vitro study, as well as stem cell lab design and equipment used in the lab. Lastly, human and animal research ethics are discussed.

Hospitalization, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Surgery in Iran: The Lifecycle of Medical Sciences provides a complete understanding of the lifecycle of medicine in the underserved area of Iran. Coverage elucidates the importance of communication between scientists in different countries for the further development of research to advance hospitalization infrastructure, diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and surgery techniques and availability. Using a systematic timeline approach, coverage includes early medical sciences in present day Iran. Each chapter highlights important research, techniques and procedures throughout the lifecycle of medical sciences and includes topics from bloodletting and setting bones, to anesthesia and vaccines. The book's content emphasizes standard protocols based on international recognition to help developing countries adopt newer technologies.

Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis, Part B, Volume 44 in The Enzymes series highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on Mesoporous silica nanoparticle synthesis, Periodic mesoporous organosilica, Nanovalves and other nanomachine-equipped nanoparticles and controlled release, Two-photon light control and photodynamic therapy, Biodegradable PMO nanoparticles, Cationic mesoporous silica and protein delivery, Drug loading, stimuli-responsive delivery and cancer treatment, Animal models and cancer therapy, siRNA delivery and TWIST shutdown for ovarian cancer treatment, and TBC (mesoporous silica nanoparticles and cancer therapy or biodistribution of MSN).

Ophthalmic Pathology: The Evolution of Current Concepts examines how our current understanding of morphologic disease, nomenclature and classification over the last century came about. The book explores the historical context and the modern trends of ocular nosology, emphasizing the science of disease classification. Chapters highlight major studies and developments surrounding approximately 50 disorders whose diagnoses are established by pathology, corresponding to a historical road map of current nomenclature, methods of disease classification, and the role of diagnostic morphology. Using a streamlined, highly illustrated format, this book provides a unique historic and evolutionary perspective into current views on the morphology of eye disease.

When we talk about ozone, the image that most often springs to mind is the ozone layer in the stratosphere that protects us from the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays. The depletion of this ozone layer increases surface UV levels, making its protection vital. However, ozone pollution can also be detrimental to the health of plants. Among various air pollutants, surface ozone primarily produced photochemically from anthropogenic precursor gases such as nitrous oxide from vehicles and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from solvents is of particular concern due to the significant harm it can pose to both human and ecosystem health. The phytotoxicity of ozone has been shown to impair photosynthesis, reduce gas exchange, induce early leaf senescence (ageing) and hamper growth in both natural vegetation and crops. According to the business-as-usual emission scenario, ozone concentration would be expected to increase in developing countries, causing a negative impact to crop yield and ecosystem health. In this volume of Advanced Botanical Research, we will holistically explore the impact of ozone from micro and macro levels and from local to global levels. We invited researchers from developing countries who could contribute their first-hand research results, especially the impact of ozone on agriculture, which has a real impact on their daily lives.

Conceptual Development of Industrial Biotechnology for Commercial Production of Biopharmaceuticals and Vaccines provides insights on how to bring sustainability into biologic drug production. The cumulative facts and figures within in the book are helpful to promoters in monitoring value chain transfer process of super quality biologics for better return in profits. In addition, this is a useful reference for students, researchers and scientists in biotechnology, pharmaceutical science, medical sciences, and the R&D division of biotechnology-based industries. Conceptual development of biotechnology has taken new avenues with the integration of medical sciences, physical science, and engineering, hence this is a timely source. The current global market for vaccines, especially COVID-19, is tremendous. Bivalent oral polio vaccine, diphtheria, tetanus-containing, and measles-containing vaccines have a high demand internationally and recombinant DNA technology and protein engineering are helpful in the production of quality bio-products.

Biomechanical Mapping of the Female Pelvic Floor explores new technological advances in women's healthcare intended to improve pelvic floor characterization, diagnosis and prediction of treatment outcomes. The book describes biomechanical approaches and clinical examples to demonstrate how one can evaluate the changes in the pelvic floor to gain a better understanding of an individual patient's pelvic floor dysfunctions, such as prolapse, incontinence, chronic pelvic pain, and even conditions leading to spontaneous preterm delivery and predicting maternal birth trauma. This book is a valuable resource for researchers focused on gynecology, urogynecology or obstetrics, clinicians, graduate students and biomedical scientists and bioengineers who need to better understand the technological advances in biomechanical characterization and how they can be used not only for diagnosis but also for monitoring several OBGYN-related conditions.

This collaboration of two physiologists and a gastroenterologist provides medical and graduate students, medical and surgical residents, and subspecialty fellows a comprehensive summary of digestive system physiology and addresses the pathophysiological processes that underlie some GI diseases. The textual approach proceeds by organ instead of the traditional organization followed by other GI textbooks. This approach lets the reader track the food bolus as it courses through the GI tract, learning on the way each organ's physiologic functions as the bolus directly or indirectly contacts it. The book is divided into three parts: (1) Chapters 1-3 include coverage of basic concepts that pertain to all (or most) organs of the digestive system, salivation, chewing, swallowing, and esophageal function, (2) Chapters 4-6 are focused on the major secretory organs (stomach, pancreas, liver) that assist in the assimilation of a meal, and (3) Chapters 7 and 8 address the motor, transport, and digestive functions of the small and large intestines. Each chapter includes its own pathophysiology and clinical correlation section that underscores the importance of the organ's normal function.

The Comprehensive Guide to Hepatitis Advances provides the most up-to-date information on all types of hepatitis in one resource. Coverage spans hepatitis in all forms (viral, alcoholic, metabolic, drug, autoimmune, etc.), showing the implications of current research in clinical practice and discussing future research directions. Discussions focus on the scientific advancements in understanding the disease process and in the treatment of different groups of hepatitis. This reference is perfect for basic science researchers in the field of hepatology; practicing gastroenterologists and hepatologists as well as primary care physicians attending to liver disease; and medical residents undergoing specialist training in gastroenterology and hepatology.

Overcoming Resistance to EGFR Inhibitors in EGFR Mutant NSCLC presents updated information on how EGFR mutant lung cancers evolve to evade EGFR inhibitors, clinical strategies that identify these mechanisms, and how to implement newer therapeutic strategies to combat resistance and improve patient survival. As resistance to EGFR inhibitors is often through re-activation of MEK/ERK and PI3K pathways, or through loss of cell death responses, there is much overlap with resistance to targeted therapies in other paradigms, such as BRAF inhibitors in BRAF mutant melanoma, and HER2 inhibitors in HER2 amplified breast cancer. This book is a valuable resource for cancer researchers, clinicians, graduate students and other members of the biomedical field who are interested in promising treatments for lung cancer.

Intellectually Impaired People: The Ongoing Battle addresses challenges against the background of history, changing societal environments, and current intellectual approaches and attitudes toward persons with disabilities. The book discusses national and international conventions, societal attitudes, sheltered workshops, the right of intellectually impaired persons for self-responsibility and its limitations, and the place of mentally impaired persons in the public image. Additionally, the book attempts to capture the forces that drive the changes of our conceptual frameworks. The US Tuskegee study which withheld antibiotics from black men with syphilis was not ended by scientific criticism but by a courageous man, press reports, and a changed social perception. The non-hiding of handicapped children is not the result of government orders, there are many non-resolvable dilemmas and tension between supporting, understanding, and patronizing a complex situation with many potential future avenues.

Liquid Biopsy: New Challenges in the era of Immunotherapy and Precision Oncology aims to describe links between cancer, precision oncology, and liquid biopsy, focusing on their participation to immunotherapy management. The book provides updated information on the main applications of liquid biopsy and immunotherapy as well as interesting aspects useful for planning basic and translational research activities. It helps readers understand the central aspects of precision medicine in oncology, including the use of new generation technologies for translational and diagnostic settings and the main clinical trials in this area that may be useful during their research. The book is a valuable source for cancer researchers, oncologists and other members of the medical and biomedical field who are interested in learning more about recent developments in liquid biopsy and its relationship with precision medicine and immunotherapy.