This 21st Century Nanoscience Handbook will be the most comprehensive, up-to-date large reference work for the field of nanoscience. Handbook of Nanophysics by the same editor published in the fall of 2010 and was embraced as the first comprehensive reference to consider both fundamental and applied aspects of nanophysics. This follow-up project has been conceived as a necessary expansion and full update that considers the significant advances made in the field since 2010. It goes well beyond the physics as warranted by recent developments in the field. This eighth volume in a ten-volume set covers nanopharmaceuticals, nanomedicine, and food nanoscience. Key Features: Provides the most comprehensive, up-to-date large reference work for the field. Chapters written by international experts in the field. Emphasises presentation and real results and applications. This handbook distinguishes itself from other works by its breadth of coverage, readability and timely topics. The intended readership is very broad, from students and instructors to engineers, physicists, chemists, biologists, biomedical researchers, industry professionals, governmental scientists, and others whose work is impacted by nanotechnology. It will be an indispensable resource in academic, government, and industry libraries worldwide. The fields impacted by nanophysics extend from materials science and engineering to biotechnology, biomedical engineering, medicine, electrical engineering, pharmaceutical science, computer technology, aerospace engineering, mechanical engineering, food science, and beyond.

A New York Times bestselling writer explores what our unique sonic signature reveals about our species, our culture, and each one of us. Finally, a vital topic that has never had its own book gets its due. There's no shortage of books about public speaking or language or song. But until now, there has been no book about the miracle that underlies them all--the human voice itself. And there are few writers who could take on this surprisingly vast topic with more artistry and expertise than John Colapinto. Beginning with the novel--and compelling--argument that our ability to speak is what made us the planet's dominant species, he guides us from the voice's beginnings in lungfish millions of years ago to its culmination in the talent of Pavoratti, Martin Luther King Jr., and Beyonce--and each of us, every day. Along the way, he shows us why the voice is the most efficient, effective means of communication ever devised: it works in all directions, in all weathers, even in the dark, and it can be calibrated to reach one other person or thousands. He reveals why speech is the single most complex and intricate activity humans can perform. He travels up the Amazon to meet the Piraha, a reclusive tribe whose singular language, more musical than any other, can help us hear how melodic principles underpin every word we utter. He heads up to Harvard to see how professional voices are helped and healed, and he ventures out on the campaign trail to see how demagogues wield their voices as weapons. As far-reaching as this book is, much of the delight of reading it lies in how intimate it feels. Everything Colapinto tells us can be tested by our own lungs and mouths and ears and brains. He shows us that, for those who pay attention, the voice is an eloquent means of communicating not only what the speaker means, but also their mood, sexual preference, age, income, even psychological and physical illness. It overstates the case only slightly to say that anyone who talks, or sings, or listens will find a rich trove of thrills in This Is the Voice.

Provides description of functional foams, their manufacturing methods, properties, and applications Covers various blowing agents, greener methods for foaming, and emerging applicability Illustrates comparative information regarding polymeric foams and recent developments with polymer nanocomposite foams Includes applications in mechanical, civil, biomedical, food packaging, electronics, health care industry, and acoustics fields Reviews elastomeric foams and their nanocomposite derivatives

Key features: Complete introductory overview of cosmic ray physics Covers the origins, acceleration, transport mechanisms and detection of these particles Mathematical and technical detail is kept separate from the main text

Details the use of advanced AFMs and addresses all types of functional AFMs First book to focus on application of AFM for energy research Enables readers to operate an AFM successfully and to understand the data obtained Covers new achievements in AFM instruments, including higher speed and resolution, automatic and deep learning AFM, and how AFM is being combined with other new methods like IR and Raman microscopy

This two volume set will analyse the modifying effects of both organic and inorganic nanofillers on the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites. Detailing processing, characterization, properties, and applications, the books demonstrate how choosing the right nanofiller can encourage innovation, sustainability and cost effective manufacturing. The set includes the following volumes: - Volume one looks at organic nanofillers including natural fibres and membranes - Volume two focuses on inorganic nanofillers including metallic foams, metal oxides and hydrogels These volumes will be of interest to engineers involved with inorganic nanofillers, in a variety of industries including automotive, aerospace and biomedical engineering.

Manipulation of matter at the nanoscale level is the key factor in nanotechnology, and it is considered as a great driving force behind the current industrial revolution since it offers facile and feasible remedies for many problems. Because of the unique characteristic properties of nanomaterials, they can be employed in a wide variety of fields such as agriculture and food technology, catalysis, biomedical applications, tissue culture engineering and fertilizers, etc. In this regard, characterization of nanomaterials plays a significant role in determining their optical, thermal, and physicochemical properties. Many techniques have been used in nanomaterial characterization and the most important techniques are discussed in detail in this book with its principles, basic operation procedures and applications with suitable examples. In summary, this book offers a broad content on the most important chemical and structural characterization techniques of nanomaterials. The book offers comprehensive coverage of the most essential topics, including: Provides a comprehensive understanding about physical and chemical characterization techniques of nanomaterials Includes details about basic principles of each characterization technique with appropriate examples Covers most of the important characterization techniques that need to know under the level of undergraduate/early career scientists/beginners in materials chemistry Provides all the basic knowledge to understand and carry out the respective analysis of nanomaterials Fulfills the timely need of a book that covers the most important and useful characterization techniques in nanomaterial characterization Up to date, there are no other books/book chapters which discuss most of these nanocharacterization techniques in one segment with all the basic instrumentation details and narrated examples of nanomaterial characterization. In a nutshell, this book will be a great asset to undergraduates/early career scientists/beginners of material science since it provides a comprehensive and complete understanding about most of the techniques nanocharacterization tools in a short time. Intended audience is based on science education while specifically focusing on undergraduates/graduate students/early scientists and beginners of chemistry, materials chemistry and nanotechnology and nanoscience.

This book provides a well-focused and comprehensive overview of the history and background of nanocarbon based materials like carbon nanotubes, graphene, and fullerenes. It discusses their structure, synthesis, properties and modifications for making various advanced materials. The authors focus on their use in the health care sector as therapeutic agents in pharmacy and medicine, in diagnosis and analysis in pharmacy and medicine, as biosensors, gene and drug delivery, cancer therapy, biosensing and bioimaging, go-based antibacterial materials, and as a promising antioxidant and GO-based scaffold for cell culture. The authors also showcase the application potential of advanced nanocarbon based materials by examining the biomedical applications developed via novel advanced designing, in which the technologies will be adopted and the end users can be benefited. Finally the authors discuss the increasing research on carbon based materials, along with the challenges they are currently facing along with possible solutions that may result in the availability of the accessible, reliable and cost-efficient technology. The potential user for this book may be medical practitioners, biologists, pharmacists, and chemists.This book covers in-depth knowledge of processing parameters for making nanocarbon based material for high end applications in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields.

Key features: Supported by the latest research and based on the state-of-the-art computational methods in high-accuracy computational spectroscopy of molecules Authored by an authority in the field Accessible to both experts and non-experts working in the area of computational and experimental spectroscopy, in addition to graduate students

Clearly presents the state of the art and future trends in the research of the biodegradable polymers in the context of circular economy Covers entire value chain and life cycle of biopolymers, considering different types of polymers Clarifies the life safety of (bio)degradable polymeric materials Presents novel opportunities and ideas for developing or improving technologies Determines the course of degradation during prediction study

* A new approach that breaks new ground using psychophysics and mathematics in order to investigate human interaction * Identifies the critical direction of change, and the means to achieve it, in order to maintain a stable social environment that is going to require testable and provable theories that apply to our social space and the various cultures and groups that exist within it * An important text for graduate and advanced undergraduate students or classes, along with private and government analysts all operating within the areas of political theory, detection theory, social psychology, organizational behavior, psychophysics, and applied mathematics in the social and information sciences

This book provides a well-focused and comprehensive overview of novel technologies involved in advanced microfluidics based diagnosis via various types of prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. This authors examine microfluidics based diagnosis in the biomedical field as an upcoming field with extensive applications. It provides a unique approach and comprehensive technology overview for diagnosis management towards early stages of various bioanalytes via cancer diagnostics diabetes, alzheimer disease, toxicity in food products, brain and retinal diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and bacterial infections etc. Thus, this book would encompass a combinatorial approach of medical science, engineering and biomedical technology. The authors provide a well-focused and comprehensive overview of novel technologies involved in advanced microfluidics based diagnosis via various types of prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. Moreover, this book contains detailed description on the diagnosis of novel techniques. This book would serve as a guide for students, scientists, researchers, and microfluidics based point of care technologies via smart diagnostics and to plan future research in this valuable field.

Since the 1920s, modern powder metallurgy has been used to produce a wide range of structural powder metallurgy components, self-lubricating bearings, and cutting tools. The conventional method involves the production of metal powders and the manufacture of useful objects from such powders by die compaction and sintering. Powder injection molding permits the production of stronger, more uniform, and more complex powder metallurgy parts. A detailed discussion of powder metallurgy materials and products is given in this book. Worked examples, exercises, questions, and problems are included in each chapter.

Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging offers complete coverage of this exciting and key area of biomedicine, seamlessly fusing the science behind nuclear medicine with the clinical aspects of diagnostic imaging. Beginning with sections on the physics related to nuclear medicine, radiation biology/safety, and instrumentation/quality control, it then covers radiochemistry and the development of new radionuclide therapy/tracers, and basic techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The focus then shifts to the clinical aspects, with sections on clinical/preclinical nuclear imaging (structured via organ system such as gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, etc.), as well as other in vivo molecular imaging techniques such as optical imaging, digital image analysis (radiomics), as well as the increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) in diagnostics. No other publication provides such a complete overview of the field, with most choosing to focus either on physics or imaging. In most cases, preclinical/experimental imaging is treated separately from clinical imaging. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging brings it all together into a complete, 4-volume, foundational resource for researchers and medical professionals specializing in this exciting area.

Features * Provides a self-contained introduction to General Relativity and to its standar applications. * Presents readers with all the tools necessary for further learning and research in the field. * Accessible to readers with just foundational knowledge of linear algebra and Lagrangian mechanics.

A guide to understanding the formation of life in the Universe The revised and updated second edition of Astrobiology offers an introductory text that explores the structure of living things, the formation of the elements required for life in the Universe, the biological and geological history of the Earth, and the habitability of other planets. Written by a noted expert on the topic, the book examines many of the major conceptual foundations in astrobiology, which cover a diversity of traditional fields including chemistry, biology, geosciences, physics, and astronomy. The book explores many profound questions such as: How did life originate on Earth? How has life persisted on Earth for over three billion years? Is there life elsewhere in the Universe? What is the future of life on Earth? Astrobiology is centered on investigating the past and future of life on Earth by looking beyond Earth to get the answers. Astrobiology links the diverse scientific fields needed to understand life on our own planet and, potentially, life beyond. This new second edition: Expands on information about the nature of astrobiology and why it is useful Contains a new chapter "What is Life?" that explores the history of attempts to understand life Contains 20% more material on the astrobiology of Mars, icy moons, the structure of life, and the habitability of planets New 'Discussion Boxes' to stimulate debate and thought about key questions in astrobiology New review and reflection questions for each chapter to aid learning New boxes describing the careers of astrobiologists and how they got into the subject Offers revised and updated information throughout to reflect the latest advances in the field Written for students of life sciences, physics, astronomy and related disciplines, the updated edition of Astrobiology is an essential introductory text that includes recent advances to this dynamic field.

Bioimaging is a sophisticated non-invasive and non-destructive technique for direct visualization of biological processes. Highly luminescent quantum dots combined with magnetic nanoparticles or ions form an exciting class of new materials for bioimaging. These materials can be prepared in cost-effective ways and show unique optical behaviours. Magnetic Quantum Dots for Bioimaging explores leading research in the fabrication, characterization, properties, and application of magnetic quantum dots in bioimaging. * Covers synthesis, properties, and bioimaging techniques. * Discusses modern manufacturing technologies and purification of magnetic quantum dots. * Explores thoroughly the properties and extent of magnetization to various imaging techniques. * Describes the biocompatibility, suitability, and toxic effects of magnetic quantum dots. * Reviews recent innovations, applications, opportunities, and future directions in magnetic quantum dots and their surface decorated nanomaterials. This comprehensive reference offers a roadmap of the use of these innovative materials for researchers, academics, technologists, and advanced students working in materials engineering and sensor technology.

This book covers all various research areas using nano systems in the field of bio nanotechnology to fight against cancer for diagnosis and therapy including drug delivery from fundamentals to advanced levels. Book has designed such a way that, anyone who is interested to understand, learn or start his/her research career in the field of bio nanotechnology in cancer, can use as a gateway to enter in to the field as well as a serious advanced researcher can use as the reference text book. Due to multidisciplinary nature of the subject, the book has written so that advanced undergraduate, graduate, postgraduate and researchers from different fields can follow and understand the subject very easily. Plenty of figures and art works are used to convey the idea visibly and effortlessly

BIOCALCULUS: CALCULUS, PROBABILITY, AND STATISTICS FOR THE LIFE SCIENCES shows students how calculus relates to biology, with a style that maintains rigor without being overly formal. The text motivates and illustrates the topics of calculus with examples drawn from many areas of biology, including genetics, biomechanics, medicine, pharmacology, physiology, ecology, epidemiology, and evolution, to name a few. Particular attention has been paid to ensuring that all applications of the mathematics are genuine, and references to the primary biological literature for many of these has been provided so that students and instructors can explore the applications in greater depth. Although the focus is on the interface between mathematics and the life sciences, the logical structure of the book is motivated by the mathematical material. Students will come away with a sound knowledge of mathematics, an understanding of the importance of mathematical arguments, and a clear understanding of how these mathematical concepts and techniques are central in the life sciences.

This book seeks to work out which commitments are minimally sufficient to obtain an ontology of the natural world that matches all of today's well-established physical theories. We propose an ontology of the natural world that is defined only by two axioms: (1) There are distance relations that individuate simple objects, namely matter points. (2) The matter points are permanent, with the distances between them changing. Everything else comes in as a means to represent the change in the distance relations in a manner that is both as simple and as informative as possible. The book works this minimalist ontology out in philosophical as well as mathematical terms and shows how one can understand classical mechanics, quantum field theory and relativistic physics on the basis of this ontology. Along the way, we seek to achieve four subsidiary aims: (a) to make a case for a holistic individuation of the basic objects (ontic structural realism); (b) to work out a new version of Humeanism, dubbed Super-Humeanism, that does without natural properties; (c) to set out an ontology of quantum physics that is an alternative to quantum state realism and that avoids any ontological dualism of particles and fields; (d) to vindicate a relationalist ontology based on point objects also in the domain of relativistic physics.

Readers can install Quantum ESPRESSO on Windows 10, macOS, and Linux operating systems. Readers can download all input files of the book and learn each subject without making input files by themselves. Readers can learn the Wannier90 package for obtaining tight-binding parameters for theoretical modeling. Minimum information of density-functional theory and solid-state physics is included. All software except for the operating system is open software that readers can download without any cost.

Most photovoltaic (PV) installations utilise heavy conventional glass or polycarbonate panels, and even newly developed thin plastic or metal films for PV cell use may fracture during both construction and application. Textile fabrics, the most widespread flexible materials in everyday use, offer a solution to the need for lightweight, flexible solar PV generators. Solar Textiles: The Flexible Solution for Solar Power is about the incorporation and operation of solar cells on textile fabrics. The combination of textile manufacturing and solar PV cell technology opens up further avenues for both the textile and semiconductor industries. Thus, this book reflects the progressively increasing commercial interest in PV cell technology and the versatility that their integration in textiles provides. Discusses textiles as electrical substrates Explains the photovoltaic effect and associated parameters Offers special consideration of solar cells on textiles Compares fibres and fabrics and how to implement PV activity on a textile Describes manufacturing methods outside of semiconductor technology Includes applications open only to textiles This work is aimed at textile technologists, electronic engineers, solar technologists, civil engineers and designers in building fabrics and architecture.

Quantum Mechanics II: Advanced Topics offers a comprehensive exploration of the state-of-the-art in various advanced topics of current research interest. A follow-up to the authors' introductory book Quantum Mechanics I: The Fundamentals, this book expounds basic principles, theoretical treatment, case studies, worked-out examples and applications of advanced topics including quantum technologies. A thoroughly revised and updated this unique volume presents an in-depth and up-to-date progress on the growing topics including latest achievements on quantum technology. In the second edition six new chapters are included and the other ten chapters are extensively revised. Features Covers classical and quantum field theories, path integral formalism and supersymmetric quantum mechanics. Highlights coherent and squeezed states, Berry's phase, Aharonov-Bohm effect and Wigner function. Explores salient features of quantum entanglement and quantum cryptography. Presents basic concepts of quantum computers and the features of no-cloning theorem and quantum cloning machines. Describes the theory and techniques of quantum tomography, quantum simulation and quantum error correction. Introduces other novel topics including quantum versions of theory of gravity, cosmology, Zeno effect, teleportation, games, chaos and steering. Outlines the quantum technologies of ghost imaging, detection of weak amplitudes and displacements, lithography, metrology, teleportation of optical images, sensors, batteries and internet. Contains several worked-out problems and exercises in each chapter. Quantum Mechanics II: Advanced Topics addresses various currently emerging exciting topics of quantum mechanics. It emphasizes the fundamentals behind the latest cutting-edge developments to help explain the motivation for deeper exploration. The book is a valuable resource for graduate students in physics and engineering wishing to pursue research in quantum mechanics.

Provide knowledge on multiple related fields in application of nanomaterials. Provide most updated literature. Prove readers to understand applications in closely related fields. Consists of examples and illustrations so that readers can absorb the content very fast.

Histochemistry and cytochemistry are important fields for studying the inner workings of cells and tissues of the body. While visualization techniques have been in use for many years, new methods of detection developed recently help researchers and practitioners better understand cell activity. Histochemical and Cytochemical Methods of Visualization describes the essential techniques that can be used for histochemical investigations in both light and transmission electron microscopy. The book begins by discussing techniques in light microscopy. It reviews classical methods of visualization, histochemical and histoenzymatic methods, and methods used to visualize cell proliferation and apoptosis. Next, the book examines the cytochemical methods used in electron microscopy with traditional techniques, as well as more specialized methods. The final section provides an overview of image analysis and describes how image processing methods can be used to extract vital information. A 16-page insert supplies color illustrations to enhance the text. Techniques will continue to adapt to the latest technological innovations, allowing more and more precise quantification of images. These developments are essential to the biological as well as the medical sciences. This manual is a critical resource for novice and experienced researchers, technicians, and students who need to visualize what happens in the cell, the molecules expressed, the main enzymatic activities, and the repercussions of the molecular activities upon the structure of the cells in the body.