Since the publication of the previous editions of the Handbook of Photosynthesis, many new ideas on photosynthesis have emerged in the past decade that have drawn the attention of experts and researchers on the subject as well as interest from individuals in other disciplines. Updated to include 37 original chapters and making extensive revisions to the chapters that have been retained, 90% of the material in this edition is entirely new. With contributions from over 100 authors from around the globe, this book covers the most recent important research findings. It details all photosynthetic factors and processes under normal and stressful conditions, explores the relationship between photosynthesis and other plant physiological processes, and relates photosynthesis to plant production and crop yields. The third edition also presents an extensive new section on the molecular aspects of photosynthesis, focusing on photosystems, photosynthetic enzymes, and genes. New chapters on photosynthesis in lower and monocellular plants as well as in higher plants are included in this section. The book also addresses growing concerns about excessive levels and high accumulation rates of carbon dioxide due to industrialization. It considers plant species with the most efficient photosynthetic pathways that can help improve the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Completely overhauled from its bestselling predecessors, the Handbook of Photosynthesis, Third Edition provides a nearly entirely new source on the subject that is both comprehensive and timely. It continues to fill the need for an authoritative and exhaustive resource by assembling a global team of experts to provide thorough coverage of the subject while focusing on finding solutions to relevant contemporary issues related to the field.

Thirty chapters provide a handbook-like treatment of magnesium and its function in the environment, its bioinorganic chemistry, its role for plants and in animal and human nutrition, its biochemistry and physiology, and its relation to human health and disease. The last 20 years have seen a prolifer

Explores the role of biochemical processes in the soil environment, particularly the activity of microorganisms, and the potential application of those processes to environmental biotechnology. The 11 papers also highlight the application of molecular biology and microbial genetics to soil biology a

The purpose of this volume is to describe the components, assembly, and implementation of computer-based process control systems. Presented in two sections, it illustrates how such systems have been used to monitor and control industrial fermentation processes as a means to improve our understanding of product biosynthesis. This book covers the fields of indirect parameter estimation and fermentation-specific control algorithms. It also includes chapters which describe system architecture and process application, process control, on-line liquid sampling and computer system architecture. This is an ideal source for anyone involved with biotechnology, bioengineering, microbial technology, chemical engineering, and computer control.

This book is the first to be published as a single source reference on phosphatidylcholine metabolism. It provides a cogent and timely summary of research in this topic.
Beginning with a chapter by Eugene Kennedy providing an historical perspective; the book proceeds to describe the latest developments in enzymes involved in phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. Biological chemists, students, and investigators in the field of lipid metabolism will find this book of great benefit in their research.

Written by internationally known European and American scientists, these volumes systematically present many topics in the elastin and elastases fields. Volume I explains elastin, its biosynthesis, physicochemical properties, and alteration in a variety of pathologies and with aging. Volume II describes elastases, their physiological and pathological roles and their control by natural and synthetic inhibitors. Filled with illustrations and figures, these volumes will benefit researchers, physicians, and industrial scientists.

This textbook was written for an audience of advanced undergraduates and graduate students who want a deeper understanding of the chemical reactions that take place in living organisms. The authors assume readers have a background in organic chemistry at the level of the typical two-semester college course. Although enzymes are crucial to biological reactions, the authors' focus always remains on the reactivity patterns of the substrate molecules and on the organic, arrow-pushing details of the individual reactions. All mechanisms have been updated in this second edition, and several hundred references to recent literature are given for those students who want more detail.

Written by internationally known European and American scientists, these volumes systematically present many topics in the elastin and elastases fields. Volume I explains elastin, its biosynthesis, physicochemical properties, and alteration in a variety of pathologies and with aging. Volume II describes elastases, their physiological and pathological roles and their control by natural and synthetic inhibitors. Filled with illustrations and figures, these volumes will benefit researchers, physicians, and industrial scientists.

Here is the first comprehensive reference to examine microbial surface active agents (biosurfactants)and biological emulsifiers as applied in biotechnology and other industries.Biosurfactants and Biotechnology highlights state-of-the-art uses of these agents, and incorporatesa wealth of ideas for future research and development related to feedstocks, production,and processing. The book delineates the chemistry, biochemistry, mechanisms, and propertiesof biosurfactants and biological emulsifiers .. . critically assesses their role in enhanced oil recoveryand other industrial applications . .. and includes numerous references to the literature.Biosurfactants and Biotechnology is an invaluable guide for physical, surface, and colloidchemists working on or with surfactants, interfacial phenomena, and cell-surface physiology ;petrochemical, chemical, biochemical, petroleum, and pollution control engineers; pharmacologists,cosmetic scientists, food scientists, and microbiologists. It is also an important resourcefor graduate students in these fields.

Named after Selene, Greek goddess of the moon, selenium (Se) has moved has moved from being thought of as a toxicant to being considered an essential nutrient with the potential to reduce cancer risk in the span of seven decades. Diversity of Selenium Functions in Health and Disease focuses on current knowledge of aspects of Se research relevant to its medical use, and particularly to chemoprevention of cancer. It covers how Se is integrated into selenoproteins, selenium compounds with individual functions and dual functions, and unexpected links to Se such as with diabetes. The text ends with a discussion of polymorphisms and mutations in genes of selenoproteins. The chapters elucidate why studies undertaken to prevent diseases with selenium ended with disappointing outcomes and often with the opposite result, i.e. disease promotion. They show that benefit, failure, or side effects depend on: The chemical form and dose of selenium The selenium status of the individual ingesting selenium The capacity of selenium form to serve as a source for selenoprotein biosynthesis The function of selenoproteins reacting to a change in the selenium status The stage of the disease (mainly cancer) at the time point of intervention The genetic background of individuals to be treated Bringing together the accumulated evidence regarding selenium biochemistry, the book covers aspects not found in available general monographs. The narrow focus on medical uses of Se helps resolve the present confusion about potential benefits and hazards of selenium in human health. The book gives you a solid scientific basis for optimum use of selenium in preventing or treating human diseases and answering the questions: Why is selenium essential? How much is required? What are the health consequences of low selenium and can selenium reduce cancer risk?

This book is a collection of works that canvass many of the recent developments in various areas of connective tissue research. It focuses on the structure of the components, molecular organization and pathology of the extracellular matrix.

This book facilitates a wider use of nuclear magnetic resonance in studies of paramagnetic species. It summarizes studies of magnetically coupled metalloproteins, of paramagnetic heme proteins, and of metal-porphyrin-induced dipolar shifts for conformational analysis.

The role of lipids in nutrition science has evolved considerably in the past decade with new concepts following new discoveries. Lipids: Nutrition and Health reviews the role of dietary lipids in maintaining health, bringing the latest knowledge from a myriad of sources into one convenient resource. Taking a combined approach that integrates lipid nutrition with normal physiology and clinical applications, the book presents a detailed account of the nutritional aspects of all types of lipids-fatty acids, triacylglycerols, phospholipids, sphingolipids, sterols, and fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K). The book introduces the biochemistry and sources of lipid compounds, followed by coverage of lipid requirements for a healthy state. Organized by lipid category, the text describes the role played by each lipid in various chronic diseases. It examines specific macronutrients and micronutrients, emphasizing their absorption, metabolism, and deficiency symptoms with respect to their roles in cardiovascular disease, cancer, metabolic diseases, inflammatory diseases, and various pathologies of the nervous system. Offering a broad overview of all aspects of lipids, from the fatty acids to the other forms of fats, the book provides an extensive and up-to-date survey of the impact of dietary lipids on various aspects of pathological situations. It provides the information needed to efficiently translate new research findings and clinical experiences into practical and personalized recommendations for preventing diseases and treating pathologies induced by poor dietary conditions.

This volume deals with a multifunctional plasma and tissue protein, fibronectin, which participates in many significant biological and pathophysiological actions, presenting the information concerning structure and describing the interactions of fibronectin with fibrinogen and fibrin.

Increasing use of ketamine as a recreational drug in Asia, Europe, and America is a great burden on society at large, leading to aspirational strain, unemployment, and crime. These societal effects have led to growing interest among researchers and clinicians in ketamine's effects on various systems of the body. Ketamine: Use and Abuse reviews the acute and chronic effects of ketamine on both adult and developing animals and humans. Providing an exhaustive review of the literature, the book is supplemented by the introduction of new data and research. Topics include: The pharmacological properties of ketamine The impact of ketamine on various organ systems, including the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal, respiratory, adrenal, and renal systems Developmental neurotoxicity in the developing brain Postmortem toxicology The epidemiology of misuse and patterns of acute and chronic toxicity The psychosocial aspects of ketamine addiction Clinical applications at acceptable doses, including possible contribution to the treatment of depression The contributions in this book represent an initiative to investigate the different facets of ketamine beyond the known psychosocial factors related to addiction and its traditional use as an anesthetic agent. The broad-based coverage is designed to promote heightened attention on the subject and encourage further research into beneficial clinical uses.

This book examines several recent, major developments in the field of nutritional pathology, providing enhanced, current understanding of the role that altered or disturbed nutrition plays in the pathogenesis of disease. It is intended for students in pathology, nutrition, and biochemistry.

Easily Get Started with Biological Experiments Introduction to Experimental Biophysics - A Laboratory Guide presents wet lab methods for courses in biophysics or molecular biology. A companion to the author's highly praised An Introduction to Experimental Biophysics: Biological Methods for Physical Scientists, this manual offers a flexible course plan that permits completion of the labs in either a full term or intensive summer course. Tested in a pedagogical setting, the experiments follow a logical progression beginning with a DNA construct. The book starts with the basics of molecular cloning: amplifying and purifying plasmid, plasmid mapping, and using restriction enzymes. Later experiments deal with more advanced, emerging techniques, such as the synthesis and characterization of quantum dots and gold nanoparticles, protein crystallization, and spectroscopic techniques. This accessible guide will help both students and instructors in molecular biology, biophysics, and biomedical engineering. Students will understand how to use a variety of techniques in biological experiments while instructors will get practical guidance on preparing the experiments.

Greener than conventional methods, C-H activation methods have flourished during the last decade and become especially attractive to organic chemists. Edited by a practioner in this rapidly developing field, C-H Bond Activation in Organic Synthesis provides an overview of this exciting playground of chemistry. The book summarizes the state of the art in C-H activation for functionalization, enabling you to carry out reactions in the most environmentally friendly fashion with the least contamination of by-products. The most popular C-H activation reactions are catalyzed by transition metals. This book dedicates a chapter to each of the following catalysts: palladium, rhodium, nickel, iron, copper, and cobalt. In addition, it covers radical-mediated C-H activation, fluorination via C-H activation, and C-H activation of heterocycles. Using a pedagogically practical approach, each chapter is divided by the transition metal catalyst, not a specific transformation. This gives you an up-to-date review of the most important topics of C-H activation. The area of C-H activation has experienced a flurry of activity over the past two decades, so the time is right for a resource that summarizes these powerful tools with which you can design and construct heteroaromatic molecules. Thus, direct C-H functionalization methods are expected to continue to greatly contribute to the mission of green chemistry: low-energy, waste-free, and atom-economic transformations for the synthesis of organic materials and biologically active molecules in the twenty-first century. Using this book, you can carry out environmentally friendly reactions that enable the conversion of cheap and abundant alkanes into valuable functionalized organic compounds.

Scattering Methods in Structural Biology, Part B, Volume 676 in the Methods in Enzymology serial, highlights advances in the field, presenting chapters on Quality controls, Refining biomolecular structures and ensembles by SAXS-driven molecular dynamics simulations, Data analysis and modelling of small-angle scattering data with contrast variation, Observing protein degradation in solution by the PAN-20S proteasome complex: state-of-the-art and future perspectives of TR-SANS as a complementary tool to NMR, crystallography and Cryo-EM, Extracting structural insights from chemically-specific soft X-ray scattering, Reconstruction of 3D density of biological macromolecules from solution scattering, ATSAS- present state and new developments in computational methods, and much more. Additional chapters cover Modeling Structure and Dynamics of Protein Complexes with SAXS Profiles (FoXSDock and MultiFoXS), Validation of macromolecular flexibility in solution by SAXS, Combining NMR, SAXS and SANS to characterize the structure and dynamics of protein complexes, Application of Molecular Simulation Methods to Analyze SAS Data, and more.

The second edition of Metal Ions in Biochemistry deals with the multidisciplinary subject of bio-inorganic chemistry, encompassing the disciplines of inorganic chemistry, biochemistry and medicine. The book deals with the role of metal ions in biochemistry, emphasising that biochemistry is mainly the chemistry of metal-biochemical complexes. Hence, the book starts with the structures of biochemicals and the identification of their metal binding sites. Thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the complexes are explained from the point of view of the nature of metal-ligand bonds. Various catalytic and structural roles of metal ions in biochemicals are discussed in detail. Features The role of Na+ and K+ in brain chemistry. The role of zinc insulin in glucose metabolism and its enhancement by vanadium and chromium compounds. Discussion of the role of zinc signals, zinc fingers and cascade effect in biochemistry. Haemoglobin synthesis and the role of vitamin B12 in it. The role of lanthanides in biochemical systems. A detailed discussion of the role of non-metals in biochemistry, a topic missing in most of the books on bio-inorganic chemistry. The study of bio-inorganic chemistry makes biochemists rethink the mechanistic pathways of biochemical reactions mediated by metal ions. There is a realisation of the role of metal complexes and inorganic ions as therapeutics such as iron in leukaemia, thalassemia and sickle cell anaemia, iodine in hypothyroidism and zinc, vanadium and chromium in glucose metabolism. The most recent realisation is of the use of zinc in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.

Stresses the Potential Applications of Biosurfactants in Various Industries Environmental concerns and a demand for sustainable chemical production have become important issues in recent years. As a result, microbial biosurfactant-producing systems are gaining momentum as potential replacements for chemical surfactants. Biosurfactants: Production and Utilization-Processes, Technologies, and Economics explores the production, utilization, and industrial/economic use of biosurfactants in modern biotechnology. This book represents comprehensive material developed by contemporary experts in the field. Focusing on research and developments within the last 20 years, it highlights relevant changes in the industry. It provides a detailed account of the current applications of biosurfactants, considers the potential for further environmental, biological, and industrial applications, and concentrates on surfactants and organisms with possibilities for future use. Emphasizes Process Scale-Up and Commercialization Factoring in the industrial application of biosurfactant production based on renewable resources, the book determines how biosurfactants can enhance or replace the properties of chemically synthesized surface-active agents. It discusses moving beyond the laboratory scale of research and development and on to the industrial scale of commercial interest. The book consists of 17 chapters and features expert authors discussing topics that include: Understanding the regulatory processes controlling the production of biosurfactants Strategies for feasible commercial biosurfactant production Examples of cost analysis based on published information The viability of industrial applications in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals Patents for future trends Biosurfactants: Production and Utilization-Processes, Technologies, and Economics contains special sections devoted to the overview and evaluation of specific patents relating to biosurfactants, and methods for production of biosurfactants on a laboratory and industrial/commercial scale. It also presents novel and proven applications for biosurfactants from a number of biotechnology laboratories and research facilities around the world. In addition, it introduces the reader to a variety of real-world industry techniques readily applicable for practical use.

This book reviews some aspects of soil biochemistry, including the biochemical turnover of specific elements and organic compounds in soil; the properties and functions of soil enzymes; and the structure, distribution and pathways of metabolism of organic compounds.

Applications of microbial nanotechnology are currently emerging with new areas being explored. Biosynthesis of nanomaterials by microorganisms is a recently attracting interest as a new, exciting approach towards the development of 'greener' nanomanufacturing compared to traditional chemical and physical approaches. This book will cover recent advances of microbial nanotechnology in agriculture, industry, and health sectors.

Microarray Image and Data Analysis: Theory and Practice is a compilation of the latest and greatest microarray image and data analysis methods from the multidisciplinary international research community. Delivering a detailed discussion of the biological aspects and applications of microarrays, the book: Describes the key stages of image processing, gridding, segmentation, compression, quantification, and normalization Features cutting-edge approaches to clustering, biclustering, and the reconstruction of regulatory networks Covers different types of microarrays such as DNA, protein, tissue, and low- and high-density oligonucleotide arrays Examines the current state of various microarray technologies, including their availability and affordability Explains how data generated by microarray experiments are analyzed to obtain meaningful biological conclusions An essential reference for academia and industry, Microarray Image and Data Analysis: Theory and Practice provides readers with valuable tools and techniques that extend to a wide range of biological studies and microarray platforms.

Existing accounts of East Asia s meteoric growth and structural change has either been explained as one dictated essentially by markets with strong macroeconomic fundamentals, or a consequence of proactive governments. This book departs from such a dichotomy by examining inductively the drivers of the experiences. Given the evolutionary treatment of each economic good and service as different, this book examines technological catch up with a strong focus on the industries contributing significantly to the economic growth of the countries selected in Asia. The evidence produced supports the evolutionary logic of macro, meso and micro interactions between several institutions, depending on the actors involved, structural location and typology of taxonomies and trajectories. The book carefully picks out experiences from the populous economies of China, India and Indonesia, the high income economies of Korea and Taiwan, the middle income economies of Malaysia and Thailand, and the transitional least developed country of Myanmar.

Chapters 1-7 of this book were originally published as a special issue of Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy.