Originally published in 1964, this book assesses the role of government and its agencies in the transport sector and is aimed at economic students and those in the history transport planning. Part 1 sets up a framework of accepted economic principles concerning the efficient operation of a transport system. Part 2 traces the history of government intervention in transport and the latter part of the book examines complementarity and competition between different agencies and the problem of transport co-ordination. Many of the issues remain pertinent today: the conflict between rail and road and the political debates over ownership – privatization versus nationalization.

When originally published in 1975, (here re-issuing the 3rd edition of 1985), this was the only genuinely introductory textbook to the subject of transportation planning. The introductory chapter places the issue of transport in its broader societal context, relating it to demographic, socio-economic, political and environmental considerations. The increasing importance of technology is recognized in the chapter which covers commonly used software packages. As a whole the book provides a basic introduction to the traffic estimation stage of the transport planning process and forms a general guide and survey to the whole subject.

Originally published in 1988 the central issue of this book is city centre decline and the potential of adequate planning and transport for halting and reversing this decline. A highly topical international study, it examines the effects of public transport policies on the central areas of several British cities and those in the former West Germany and France. A series on in-depth case studies deals with the structure of central and local government and the operation of town and transport planning in each country. The book discusses the principles, legislation and practice of physical planning in city centres. It will be of interest to those concerned with urban and transport planning.

Originally published in 1988, this book reviews a selection of national policies and sets them against EU (the former EEC) action or inaction to sharpen the readers’ understanding of both national and supranational policies. The book is innovative in its method of studying the subject and its focus on multi-dimensional transport issues including the impact of the Common Transport Policy. The analysis is seen throughout from the consumers’ perspective. The book will be of interest to those concerned with European transport studies, especially geographers, economists and planners.

Originally published in 1979, this volume is an invaluable study of a railway system and its adjustment to changing political-geographical conditions, as well as changes in economic and social geography. Each change in the territorial extent or in the internal territorial-administrative organisation of Germany has had its repercussions upon the spatial pattern of the country’s economy and consequently upon the demand for transport. Furthermore, the central position of Germany within the continent has given an added importance to the role of its railways in the overall pattern of the European railway system. For the transport geographer the comparisons and contrasts with the British railway system are particularly insightful.

Originally published in 1982 and contributed to by a range of international authors and experts in the field of transport accessibility, this volume discusses the position of urban and rural transport problems of the elderly and disabled in the UK, USA, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, The Netherlands and Sweden. Based on research, policy analysis and documental field experience the volume also discusses advances made in relevant technology, major changes in public policy and innovative proposals for system development or change.

Originally published in 1995 this book provides an authoritative and stimulating account of the issues and problems facing transport planners in the 21st century. The contributors – leading authorities from North America and Europe – put forward a wide range of points from which future technical developments and transport will be approached. They review the ways in which human needs and national expectations can be served by technological developments in the 21st Century.

This edited volume investigates how refugee communities in the Middle East have adapted to secure their livelihoods within the informal economy. Focusing on Lebanon and Jordan, which between 2011 and 2020 received more refugees as a proportion of their population than any other countries in the world, this edited volume investigates the informal mechanisms that Syrian refugees have adopted to fit into the informal economies of Lebanon and Jordan in the face of significant challenges and barriers. The volume investigates how legality, temporality, connectedness, gender, and geography, among other factors, have influenced the emergence of refugee communities’ informal adaptive mechanisms. Drawing on in-depth, original research among Syrian refugee tribal communities, agricultural workers, female-headed households, and micro-entrepreneurs, the volume provides tangible policy and practice recommendations to help to improve the situation of refugees and vulnerable populations that are employed in the informal economy. Highlighting the resilience and agency demonstrated by refugees, this edited volume’s original community-based analysis will be of interest to students, researchers, and professionals from across Middle East studies, refugee studies, informal labor economics, and development studies.

This book presents essential insights into lifelong learning and education in healthy and sustainable cities, providing a basis for strategies to help achieve the 2030 Agenda sustainable development and health promotion goals. The interface between environment, health and lifelong learning is fundamental to attaining these goals, and as such, the book gathers interdisciplinary reflections from researchers, educators and other experts concerning the links between environmental quality, human health, human education and well-being, and addressing inequality, unplanned urbanization, migration, lifestyles, and consumption and production patterns. Topics include: Urban planning to address inequality in health and urban poverty; Healthy cities and healthy environments; Governance for sustainable development; Social determinants of health oriented on sustainable development goals; Education and lifelong learning for sustainability; Energy security, access and efficiency; Sustainable cities, buildings and infrastructure.

This book investigates the concept of human landscape in rural settlements in Southern China, where communities and their cultural landscapes are facing contemporary challenges following a period of rapid urbanization in the last 50 years. While metropolitan cities, such as Hong Kong, are experiencing accelerated urban development, underpopulated rural villages are struggling to maintain the cultural heritage of their regions. Rediscovery of Cultural Landscapes in Southern China provides a detailed account into indigenous living cultures in traditional, rural settlements upon natural landscapes. Beginning with an overview of the theoretical framework, the book presents six unique cases, including: Tai O, Yim Tin Tsai, Lai Chi Wo, Nga Tsin Wai, Cangdong, and Meinong, while illustrating a relevant comparison between Hakka and Satoyama landscape systems. The spectrum of theoretical and case analyses allows for a rethinking of the evolving cultural landscape’s positioning with valuable heritages in the context of a post-industrial society. The book is written towards reinterpreting the cultural landscape by conceptualizing the human landscape for scholars, practitioners, and students interested in rural-cultural conservation and revitalization, heritage management, traditional architecture and landscape planning, and urban-rural development.

Originally published in 1985, this book considers many important aspects of the transport systems of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. It looks at the different modes of transport and the problems faced by each. Examining the relationship between transport problems and those of poor economic performance against the possibilities of economic reform the book analyses some of the measures which were taken to remedy the situation.

Originally published in 1935 at a time when the First World War had brought about massive economic and social change which had repercussions for transport, this book examines all forms of transport planning in relation to economics, sociology and town planning as well as Britain’s place and operational abilities in international markets. Topics which are still debated today, such as privatization versus nationalization are also discussed.

Ambiance, Tourism and the City considers how tourism and urban development affect the lived ambiances of contemporary cities around the world. As most of the existing literature on sensory atmospheres says little about the intersection between tourism and atmospheric production, this book affirms the centrality of the notion of ambiance as a mode of inquiry into the making and remaking of urban places for tourist consumption. The book takes the reader into the sensory worlds of a traditional Italian marketplace, a jungle park in Kuala Lumpur, a slum in the Colombian city of Medellín, or the "sun and sand" tourism destinations in Southern Spain, among other case studies. It offers new insights into the impact of tourism on the urban environment from multidisciplinary perspectives and a wide range of geographical regions across Europe, North America, Asia, and South America. Through these contemporary case studies, the book further deepens our understanding of the ways in which "ambiances" and "atmospheres" pervade the physical regeneration and sensory transformation of contemporary tourist destinations. Conversely, this book offers insights on the effects of tourism on everyday urban experience. By bringing together a diverse group of scholars and case studies to present a global perspective on the atmospheric production of the tourist city, this book is to serve as a valuable reference tool for researchers and undergraduate and postgraduate students with an interest in urban ambiances, tourism, cultural geography, and urban planning.

Diasporic Mobilities on Vacation is a nuanced exploration of the embodied and affective practices of Moroccans from Europe visiting Morocco for summer vacation. Rather than characterizing them as uncomfortably split between homelands, this book focuses on how their touristic leisure practices create their own space of diasporic belonging. An expert on Moroccan diaspora communities and mobile lifestyles, the book draws on multi-sited and mobile ethnographic research to take the reader along on the journey 'home' and experience the daily lives of diasporic visitors. Their practices, activities, and encounters on vacation offer insights into larger issues of class, leisure consumption, and transnational belonging in South-to-North migration contexts. Concretely, the book shows how these holiday encounters simultaneously generate integration into Morocco for migrant descendants who can feel at 'home' in this homeland, and differentiation from others in how they embody 'Moroccaness' as social and material actors. This book shows how seemingly frivolous practices of leisure have material consequences for individuals who belong across homelands. Positioned at the intersection of migration studies, leisure and tourism mobilities, and ethnomethodology and practice theory, this book is a worthwhile read for scholars and students-indeed, anyone questioning or experiencing problems of belonging in transnational and diasporic contexts.

Creating cities inclusive of immigrants in Southern Africa is both a balancing act and a protracted process that requires positive attitudes informed by accommodative institutional frameworks. This book revolves around two key contemporary issues that cities around the globe are trying to achieve - viz the need to build inclusive cities and the need to accommodate immigrants. The search for building inclusive cities is an on-going challenge which most cities are grappling with. This challenge is complicated by the need to include immigrants who are always side-lined by policies of host countries. This book discusses the host-immigrant interface by providing a detailed insight of anchors of inclusive cities and a holistic picture of who immigrants are. These are then discussed contextually within the Southern African region where insight into selected cities is provided to some depth using empirical evidence. The discussion on inclusive cities and immigrants is a universal narrative targeting practitioners and students in town and regional planning, urban studies, urban politics, migration, international relations. The southern African region once more provides an opportunity to further interrogate and understand the dynamics of immigration in selected cities. This book will also be of interest to policy makers dealing with challenges of inclusivity in the light of immigrants.

This volume introduces a strategic interdisciplinary research agenda on arrival infrastructures. Arrival infrastructures are those parts of the urban fabric within which newcomers become entangled on arrival, and where their future local or translocal social mobilities are produced as much as negotiated. Challenging the dominance of national normativities, temporalities, and geographies of "arrival," the authors scrutinize the position and potential of cities as transnationally embedded places of arrival. Critically interrogating conceptions of migrant arrival as oriented towards settlement and integration, the volume directs attention to much more diverse migration trajectories that shape our cities today. Each chapter examines how migrants, street-level bureaucrats, local residents, and civil society actors build-with the resources they have at hand-the infrastructures that accommodate, channel, and govern arrival.

• Provides an overview of the intersection of museum design and management, museology, and heritage tourism; • Clear organisation into theory, practice, and looking at key figures in the field; • Deploys a wide range of international case studies throughout;

Roots of Power tells five stories of plants, people, property, politics, peace, and protection in tropical societies. In Cameroon, French Polynesia, Papua New Guinea, St. Vincent, and Tanzania, dracaena and cordyline plants are simultaneously property rights institutions, markers of social organization, and expressions of life-force and vitality. In addition to their localized roles in forming landscapes and societies, these plants mark multiple boundaries and demonstrate deep historical connections across much of the planet's tropics. These plants' deep roots in society and culture have made them the routes through which postcolonial agrarian societies have negotiated both social and cultural continuity and change. This book is a multi-sited ethnographic political ecology of ethnobotanical institutions. It uses five parallel case studies to investigate the central phenomenon of "boundary plants" and establish the linkages among the case studies via both ancient and relatively recent demographic transformations such as the Bantu expansion across tropical Africa, the Austronesian expansion into the Pacific, and the colonial system of plantation slavery in the Black Atlantic. Each case study is a social-ecological system with distinctive characteristics stemming from the ways that power is organized by kinship and gender, social ranking, or racialized capitalism. This book contributes to the literature on property rights institutions and land management by arguing that tropical boundary plants' social entanglements and cultural legitimacy make them effective foundations for development policy. Formal recognition of these institutions could reduce contradiction, conflict, and ambiguity between resource managers and states in postcolonial societies and contribute to sustainable livelihoods and landscapes. This book will appeal to scholars and students of environmental anthropology, political ecology, ethnobotany, landscape studies, colonial history, and development studies, and readers will benefit from its demonstration of the comparative method.

The number of Earth observation satellites launched in recent years is growing exponentially, along with the datasets they gather from free-to-access and commercial providers. The second edition of Practical Handbook of Remote Sensing is updated with new explanations and practical examples using the Copernicus satellite data and new versions of the open-source software. A new chapter and new applications have also been added. Thoroughly revised, the handbook continues to be a practical "how-to" remote sensing guide for those who want to use the technology, understand what is available, how to access it, and answer questions about our planet, but do not necessarily want to become scientific experts.

Urban heritage, which is part of the conceptual expansion of cultural heritage, has become an extraordinarily complex notion. Any aspect of urban life and experience can become heritage and this heritage is then continuously re-interpreted and exploited as a source not only for a city's identification, but also for its cultural and economic innovation. This book provides a detailed overview of Central European urban heritage. It examines the key aspects of urban heritage - tangible/monumental, natural/landscape, world heritage/urban quarter and heritage experience/dark heritage. The 'regimes of urban heritage' approach retraces two hundred years of the development of European urban heritage to understand how it has become so significant and how it could integrate practically every area of urban existence. The novelty of the book is the interpretation of this development as a process of successive and integrating regimes, which are examined through the changing urban heritage agency and discourse. Through the examples of European cities and towns, such as Belgrade, Budapest, Gdansk, Krakow, Ljubljana, Subotica, Szentendre, Vienna, but also Edinburgh, Nordic cities and Rome, these changes reveal their inner complexities and become comparable in an interdisciplinary analysis. Further, a particular aspect of the history of these cities is revealed through the development of their own urban heritage. The book is primarily aimed at academics, researchers and postgraduate students of cultural and economic geography, cultural history, culture and heritage management, modern and contemporary history as well as urban history, planning and sociology.

This book elaborates fuzzy machine and deep learning models for single class mapping from multi-sensor, multi-temporal remote sensing images while handling mixed pixels and noise. It also covers the ways of pre-processing and spectral dimensionality reduction of temporal data. Further, it discusses the ‘individual sample as mean’ training approach to handle heterogeneity within a class. The appendix section of the book includes case studies such as mapping crop type, forest species, and stubble burnt paddy fields. Key features: Focuses on use of multi-sensor, multi-temporal data while handling spectral overlap between classes Discusses range of fuzzy/deep learning models capable to extract specific single class and separates noise Describes pre-processing while using spectral, textural, CBSI indices, and back scatter coefficient/Radar Vegetation Index (RVI) Discusses the role of training data to handle the heterogeneity within a class Supports multi-sensor and multi-temporal data processing through in-house SMIC software Includes case studies and practical applications for single class mapping This book is intended for graduate/postgraduate students, research scholars, and professionals working in environmental, geography, computer sciences, remote sensing, geoinformatics, forestry, agriculture, post-disaster, urban transition studies, and other related areas.

• Provides an overview of the intersection of museum design and management, museology, and heritage tourism; • Clear organisation into theory, practice, and looking at key figures in the field; • Deploys a wide range of international case studies throughout;

This book brings together ethnographic field research on four permacultural ecovillages in Brazil to highlight the importance of spirituality and ecological epistemologies as key analytical tools. It demonstrates that ecological spirituality can, and should, be understood beyond the dichotomy of personal and political, between people and nature, in the field of environmental anthropology. The book uses a broad philosophical methodology based on the phenomenological theories of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Tim Ingold, and Alfred Schutz combined with post-structuralist conceptions of the relationship between person and world, individual and society. The field research consisted of ethnographic travel, observation and recorded dialogue with individuals based in each ecovillage: Arca Verde, situated in Campos de Cima da Serra; Vrinda Bhumi, a Vaishnava ecovillage in Baependi-MG; Goura Vrindavana, a Vaishnava ecovillage in Paraty-RJ; and Muriqui Assu Ecovillage Project, a secular ecovillage in Niteroi-RJ. Throughout the book ethnographic research is woven together with poetic interludes, images, personal narrative experience and phenomenological theory, bringing a new understanding and approach to environmental anthropology as a discipline. Including a Preface written by Tim Ingold, it will appeal to academics, researchers, and upper-level students in phenomenology, environmental philosophy, environmental anthropology, religious studies and social sciences more broadly.

This timely book provides a methodological guide for how to conduct and theorize research in human-animal studies. In response to critiques of the anthropomorphic slant to human-animal research, and the increasing political relevance of animals in contemporary environmental debates, this book emphasises methods which bring to light the animal side of multi-species encounters. Drawing from the interdisciplinary strength of human-animal studies, this book contains contributions from practitioners and scholars working in sociology, anthropology, ethology and geography. Each chapter uses a case-study approach to present a theoretical framework and empirical application of cutting-edge methods in human-animal studies, from creative writing in multi-species ethnographies, to visual methods like videography and body mapping. Organized in three parts: theorizing; collaborating; visualizing, the book equips readers with methodological tools to conduct human-animal studies research attentive to animal lives. Furthermore, chapters reflect on the opportunities, limitations, and ethical considerations of research that seeks to understand our more-than-human worlds. The book is aimed towards undergraduate and graduate students in human-animal studies, and scholars investigating human-animal relations. It will also be of interest to practitioners and policy makers who engage with conservation, wildlife management, or the human-animal interface of urban and regional planning.

This book is an analysis of both contemporary Tokyo and the contemporary Olympic Games, emphasizing the role of late-stage capitalism and political economy in shaping both. The 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games were mired in scandal from the beginning of the bidding process all the way through to the end of the games. This was further exacerbated by the emergency postponement to 2021 due to the coronavirus pandemic, with many public opinion polls supporting further postponement or cancelation in 2021. The contributors to this volume look at the Tokyo 2020 Games in the context of other modern games and the struggle to use the games as an economic stimulus. They reveal the reality of the Olympic development in Tokyo based on evidence and concrete policy analysis. This is a valuable resource for scholars both of contemporary Japan and of the Olympics and other mega-events.