This book provides a new approach to systems architecting not previously available. The book provides a compact innovative procedure for architecting any type of system. Systems Architecting: Methods and Examples describes a method of system architecting that is believed to be a substantial improvement over "methods" previously covered in other systems architecting books. Incorporates analytic procedure (decision analysis) Defines and evaluates alternative architectures Improves upon existing architecting methods Considers cost-effectiveness of alternatives Provides for competitive analysis and its advantages Shows alternatives on one simple and easily understood page With the book's relatively straightforward approach, it shows how to architect systems in a way that both developers and clients/customers can readily understand. It uses one of the essential principles suggested by Rechtin and Maier, namely, Simplify, Simplify, Simplify. Systems engineers as well as students taking systems engineering courses will find this book of interest.

This book explains the application of ergonomics in three different areas of design, namely product, space, and communication. The book is written in layman's language and provides examples so that the reader can easily apply the principles to their designs. This book is easy to understand for those without a background in science and technology. It provides a guide for designers from diverse fields ranging from product design to graphic design and shows how to apply ergonomic principles in products from hand-held products to larger products. It explains the application of anthropometric dimensions, as well as how to design for different spaces ranging from bathrooms to cinema halls. It also focuses on the application of communication ranging from displays to graphic design and discusses the significance of color selection. This book is ideal for all design students, practicing designers in any field, design faculty, entry-level engineering students, and anyone who is interested in exploring the field of ergonomics. Features Specifically written in such a way to make it easily understood for those not educated in the field Shows how to apply the ergonomic principles in design Provides an overview of the topic of ergonomics Written in a storytelling format

The slug test can provide valuable information for hydrogeologic investigations ranging from assessments of sites of groundwater contamination to the monitoring of well deterioration through time. Inappropriate procedures in one or more phases of a test program, however, can introduce considerable error into the resulting parameter estimates. The Design, Performance, and Analysis of Slug Tests, Second Edition remedies that problem by explaining virtually all there is to know regarding the design, performance, and analysis of slug tests. The first edition has become the standard reference for all aspects of slug tests; this revised edition updates the earlier material and expands the topical coverage with new developments that have come to the fore in the intervening years between editions. Features: Describes and demonstrates the eight key steps for the performance and analysis of slug tests Presents new methods for the analysis of tests in unconfined aquifers and in highly permeable settings Expands topical coverage of LNAPL baildown tests and slug tests in small diameter wells Includes numerous flow charts that illustrate easy-to-use strategies for selection of analysis methods, and field examples demonstrate how each method should be used to get the most out of test data Offers straightforward practical guidelines that summarize the major points of each chapter Written for practicing groundwater consultants and engineers, The Design, Performance, and Analysis of Slug Tests, Second Edition will enable readers to get more reliable information from slug tests and increase the utility of this widely-used field method.

This book provides a new approach to systems architecting not previously available. The book provides a compact innovative procedure for architecting any type of system. Systems Architecting: Methods and Examples describes a method of system architecting that is believed to be a substantial improvement over "methods" previously covered in other systems architecting books. Incorporates analytic procedure (decision analysis) Defines and evaluates alternative architectures Improves upon existing architecting methods Considers cost-effectiveness of alternatives Provides for competitive analysis and its advantages Shows alternatives on one simple and easily understood page With the book's relatively straightforward approach, it shows how to architect systems in a way that both developers and clients/customers can readily understand. It uses one of the essential principles suggested by Rechtin and Maier, namely, Simplify, Simplify, Simplify. Systems engineers as well as students taking systems engineering courses will find this book of interest.

The state-of-the-art in fluvial hydrodynamics can be examined only through a careful exploration of the theoretical development and applied engineering technology. The book is primarily focused, since most up-to-date research findings in the field are presented, on the research aspects that involve a comprehensive knowledge of sediment dynamics in turbulent flows. It begins with the fundamentals of hydrodynamics and particle motion followed by turbulence characteristics related to sediment motion. Then, the sediment dynamics is analysed from a classical perspective by applying the mean bed shear approach and additionally incorporating a statistical description for the role of turbulence. The work finally examines the local scour problems at hydraulic structures and scale models. It is intended to design as a course textbook in graduate / research level and a guide for the field engineers as well, keeping up with modern technological developments. Therefore, as a simple prerequisite, the background of the readers should have a basic knowledge in hydraulics in undergraduate level and an understanding of fundamentals of calculus.

This book identifies the key hydrologic and hydraulic factors which influence the performance of stormwater quality treatment systems such as constructed wetlands and bioretention basins. Mathematical relationships derived using conceptual models underpinned by fundamental hydraulic theory are presented to predict treatment performance. The key highlights of the book will include the identification of the linkages between influential hydrologic and hydraulic factors for constructed wetlands and bioretention basins to support more accurate prediction of treatment performance and effective design of these types of stormwater treatment systems. Furthermore, this book will showcase an innovative approach for using conceptual models to analyze stormwater treatment system performance.

Water is now at the centre of world attention as never before and more professionals from all walks of life are engaging in careers linked to water - in public water supply and waste treatment, agriculture, irrigation, energy, environment, amenity management, and sustainable development. This book offers an appropriate depth of understanding of basic hydraulics and water resources engineering for those who work with civil engineers and others in the complex world of water resources development, management, and water security. It is simple, practical, and avoids (most of) the maths in traditional textbooks. Lots of excellent 'stories' help readers to quickly grasp important water principles and practices. This third edition is broader in scope and includes new chapters on water resources engineering and water security. Civil engineers may also find it a useful introduction to complement the more rigorous hydraulics textbooks.

Vibration of Hydraulic Machinery deals with the vibration problem which has significant influence on the safety and reliable operation of hydraulic machinery. It provides new achievements and the latest developments in these areas, even in the basic areas of this subject. The present book covers the fundamentals of mechanical vibration and rotordynamics as well as their main numerical models and analysis methods for the vibration prediction. The mechanical and hydraulic excitations to the vibration are analyzed, and the pressure fluctuations induced by the unsteady turbulent flow is predicted in order to obtain the unsteady loads. This book also discusses the loads, constraint conditions and the elastic and damping characters of the mechanical system, the structure dynamic analysis, the rotor dynamic analysis and the system instability of hydraulic machines, including the illustration of monitoring system for the instability and the vibration in hydraulic units. All the problems are necessary for vibration prediction of hydraulic machinery.

Understanding Hydraulics: The Design, Analysis, and Engineering of Hydraulic Systems Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems bridges the gap between fundamental principles and techniques applied to the design and analysis of hydraulic engineering systems. An extension of fluid mechanics, hydraulics is often more difficult to understand, and experience shows that many engineering students have trouble solving practical problems in hydraulics. The book builds on readers' problem solving skills by presenting various problem and solution scenarios throughout including effective design procedures, equations, tables and graphs, and helpful computer software. The first half of the Fifth Edition discusses the fundamentals of fluid statics, fluid dynamics, and pipe flow, giving readers practical insight on water flow and pipe design. The latter half dives into water flow and hydraulic systems design, covering some of the most common hydraulic structures such as wells, dams, spillways, culverts, and stilling basins. The book ends with four ancillary topics: measurements, model studies, hydrology for hydraulic design and statistical methods in hydrology, as well as common techniques for obtaining hydraulic design flows.

Handbook of Usability and User Experience: Methods and Techniques is concerned with emerging usability and user experience in design concepts, theories and applications of human factors knowledge focusing on the discovery, design and understanding of human interaction and usability issues with products and systems for their improvement. This volume presents methods and techniques to design products, systems and environments with good usability, accessibility and user satisfaction. It introduces the concepts of usability and its association with user experience, and discusses methods and models for usability and UX. It also introduces relevant cognitive, cultural, social and experiential individual differences, which are essential for understanding, measuring and utilizing these differences in the study of usability and interaction design. In addition, the book discusses the use of usability assessment to improve healthcare, the relationship between usability and user experience in the built environment, the state-of-the-art review of usability and UX in the digital world, usability and UX in the current context, and emerging technologies. We hope that this first of two volumes will be helpful to a large number of professionals, students and practitioners who strive to incorporate usability and user experience principles and knowledge in a variety of applications. We trust that the knowledge presented in this volume will ultimately lead to an increased appreciation of the benefits of usability and incorporate the principles of usability and user experience knowledge to improve the quality, effectiveness and efficiency of consumer products, systems and environments in which we live.

The book includes a section on cavitation in hydraulic structures and a concise introduction to the physics of cavitation and application to hydraulic structures. It applies the laws of similitude to the use of physical models to improve hydraulic design and computer programs for the numerical solution of unsteady flow in closed and open channels.

This study discusses issues of optimal water management in a complex distribution system. The main elements of the water-management system under consideration are retention reservoirs, among which water transfers are possible, and a network of connections between these reservoirs and water treatment plants (WTPs). System operation optimisation involves determining the proper water transport routes and their flow volumes from the
retention reservoirs to the WTPs, and the volumes of possible transfers among the reservoirs, taking into account transport-related delays for inflows, outflows and water transfers in the system. Total system operation costs defined by an assumed quality coefficient should be minimal. An analytical solution of the optimisation task so
formulated has been obtained as a result of using Pontryagin's maximum principle with reference to the quality coefficient assumed. Stable start and end conditions in reservoir state trajectories have been assumed. The researchers have taken into account cases of steady and transient optimisation duration. The solutions obtained
have enabled the creation of computer models simulating system operation. In future, an analysis of the results obtained may affect decisions supporting the control of currently existing water-management systems.

It is clear that hydraulic research is developing beyond traditional civil engineering to satisfy increasing demands in natural hazards assessment and also environmental research. Our ability to describe processes in nature rests on the observation and experimental methods as well as on theoretical basics of various disciplines. Under such conditions experimental methods draw from various areas of human activities and research, i.e. from physics, biology, chemistry, aerospace research, oceanic research etc. The current volume is the result of a meeting that took place during the 30th International School of Hydraulics in Poland and presents both the state-of-the-art and ongoing research projects in which experimental methods play a key role. Authors from numerous leading laboratories and from various countries guarantee a representative sample of different studies at the frontier of the field"

Outstanding advances have been achieved on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering and Microzonation in the last decade mostly due to the increase in the recorded instrumental in-situ data and large number of case studies conducted in analyzing the observed effects during the recent major earthquakes. During the 15th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering held in Istanbul in August 2001, the Technical Committee of Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering, (TC4) of the International Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering organised a regional seminar on Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Microzonation where an effort has been made to present the recent advances in the field by eminent scientists and researchers. The book idea was first suggested by the participants of this seminar. The purpose of this book as well as of the seminar was to present the broad spectrum of earthquake geotechnical engineering and seismic microzonation including strong ground motion, site characterisation, site effects, liquefaction, seismic microzonation, solid waste landfills and foundation engineering. The subject matter requires multidisciplinary input from different fields of engineering seismology, soil dynamics, geotechnical and structural engineering. The chapters in this book are prepared by some of the distinguished lecturers who took part in the seminar supplemented with contributions of few distinguished experts in the field of earthquake geotechnical engineering. The editor would like to express his gratitude to all authors for their interest and efforts in preparing their manuscripts. Without their enthusiasm and support, it would not have been possible to complete this book.

The Fourteenth International Tsunami Symposium held from 31 July to 3 August 1989 in Novosibirsk, U.S.S.R., was sponsored by the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics. Sixty-five scientists from 13 countries met to exchange information on recent advances in tsunami research. The Symposium was a great success due to the enthusiasm of the participants, the quality of research presented, and the great organization provided by the Soviet hosts. Teams of dedicated workers, under the fine leadership of Academician A. S. Alexseev and Dr V. K. Gusiakov, blended social and scientific activities in a memorable fashion. The 62 presentations of the Symposium were divided into six areas of research: generation (7), propagation (12), coastal effects (10), observations (11), seismics and tectonics (10), and hazard mitigation (12). A summary of the research presented appears as the first article in this special issue. Following the Symposium, a team of session chairmen nominated 20 of these oral presentations to be published in a special issue devoted to the International Tsunami Symposium.

Discrete Fracture Network Modeling of Hydraulic Stimulation describes the development and testing of a model that couples fluid-flow, deformation, friction weakening, and permeability evolution in large, complex two-dimensional discrete fracture networks. The model can be used to explore the behavior of hydraulic stimulation in settings where matrix permeability is low and preexisting fractures play an important role, such as Enhanced Geothermal Systems and gas shale. Used also to describe pure shear stimulation, mixed-mechanism stimulation, or pure opening-mode stimulation. A variety of novel techniques to ensure efficiency and realistic model behavior are implemented, and tested. The simulation methodology can also be used as an efficient method for directly solving quasistatic fracture contact problems. Results show how stresses induced by fracture deformation during stimulation directly impact the mechanism of propagation and the resulting fracture network.

This book summarizes results of longstanding research and scientific contributions from many projects and relevant working groups. It collects and evaluates wind and wave climate projections under changing climate having design needs and marine safety in focus. Potential impact of projected climate change in met-ocean conditions on ships and offshore structures is discussed and illustrated by an example of the expected wave climate change on tanker design.

Themonograph is intended for students, researchers and industry based engineers who want a summary of the many studies that have been carried out on climate change effects on wind and waves and their importance for design and operations of ship and offshore structures. The reader needs only a moderate knowledge of marine wind and wave climate to follow the text."

Open channel hydraulics has always been a very interesting domain of scienti c and engineering activity because of the great importance of water for human l- ing. The free surface ow, which takes place in the oceans, seas and rivers, can be still regarded as one of the most complex physical processes in the environment. The rst source of dif culties is the proper recognition of physical ow processes and their mathematical description. The second one is related to the solution of the derived equations. The equations arising in hydrodynamics are rather comp- cated and, except some much idealized cases, their solution requires application of the numerical methods. For this reason the great progress in open channel ow modeling that took place during last 40 years paralleled the progress in computer technique, informatics and numerical methods. It is well known that even ty- cal hydraulic engineering problems need applications of computer codes. Thus, we witness a rapid development of ready-made packages, which are widely d- seminated and offered for engineers. However, it seems necessary for their users to be familiar with some fundamentals of numerical methods and computational techniques applied for solving the problems of interest. This is helpful for many r- sons. The ready-made packages can be effectively and safely applied on condition that the users know their possibilities and limitations. For instance, such knowledge is indispensable to distinguish in the obtained solutions the effects coming from the considered physical processes and those caused by numerical artifacts.

A growing proportion of the world's population is dependent on Seawater Desalination as a source of fresh water for both potable and civil use. One of the main drawbacks of conventional desalination technologies is the substantial energy requirement, which is facing cost increases in the global energy market. "Seawater Desalination" presents an overview of conventional and non-conventional technologies, with a particular focus on the coupling of renewable energies with desalination processes.

The first section of this book presents, in a technical but reader-friendly way, an overview of currently-used desalination processes, from thermal to membrane processes, highlighting the relevant technical features, advantages and disadvantages, and development potential. It also gives a rapid insight into the economic aspects of fresh water production from seawater.

The second section of the book presents novel processes which use Renewable Energies for fresh water production. From the first solar still evaporators, which artificially reproduced the natural cycle of water, technology has progressed to develop complex systems to harness energy from the sun, wind, tides, waves, etc. and then to use this energy to power conventional or novel desalination processes. Most of these processes are still at a preliminary stage of development, but some are already being cited as examples in remote areas, where they are proving to be valuable in solving the problems of water scarcity.

A rapid growth in these technologies is foreseen in the coming years. This book provides a unique foundation, within the context of present and future sustainability, for professionals, technicians, managers, and private and public institutions operating in the area of fresh water supply.

Stochastic Dynamics of Marine Structures is a text for students and a reference for professionals on the basic theory and methods used for stochastic modelling and analysis of marine structures subjected to environmental loads. The first part of the book provides a detailed introduction to the basic dynamic analysis of structures, serving as a foundation for later chapters on stochastic response analysis. This includes an extensive chapter on the finite element method. A careful introduction to stochastic modelling is provided, which includes such concepts as stochastic process, variance spectrum, random environmental processes, response spectrum, response statistics and short- and long-term extreme value models. The second part of the book offers detailed discussion of limit state design approaches, fatigue design methods, the equations of motion for dynamic structures and numerical solution techniques. The final chapter highlights methods for prediction of extreme values from measured data or data obtained by Monte Carlo simulation.

Each year more than 200 million people are affected by floods, tropical storms, droughts, earthquakes, and also operational failures, wars, terrorism, vandalism, and accidents involving hazardous materials. These are part of the wide variety of events that cause death, injury, and significant economic losses for the countries affected.

In an environment where natural hazards are present, local actions are decisive in all stages of risk management: in the work of prevention and mitigation, in rehabilitation and reconstruction, and above all in emergency response and the provision of basic services to the affected population. Commitment to systematic vulnerability reduction is crucial to ensure the resilience of communities and populations to the impact of natural and manmade hazards.

Current challenges for the water and sanitation sector require an increase in sustainable access to water and sanitation services in residential areas, where natural hazards pose the greatest risk. In settlements located on unstable and risk-prone land there is growing environmental degradation coupled with extreme conditions of poverty that increase vulnerability. The development of local capacity and risk management play vital roles in obtaining sustainability of water and sanitation systems as well as for the communities themselves.

Unfortunately water may also represent a potential target for terrorist activity or war conflict and a deliberate contamination of water is a potential public health threat. An approach which considers the needs of communities and institutions is particularly important in urban areas affected by armed conflict. Risk management for large rehabilitation projects has to deal with major changes caused by conflict: damaged or destroyed infrastructure, increased population, corrupt or inefficient water utilities, and impoverished communities.

Water supply and sanitation are amongst the first considerations in disaster response. The greatest water-borne risk to health in most emergencies is the transmission of faecal pathogens, due to inadequate sanitation, hygiene and protection of water sources. However, some disasters, including those involving damage to chemical and nuclear industrial installations, or involving volcanic activity, may create acute problems from chemical or radiological water pollution. Sanitation includes safe excreta disposal, drainage of wastewater and rainwater, solid waste disposal and vector control.

This book is based on the discussions and papers prepared for the NATO Advanced Research Workshop that took place in Ohrid, Macedonia under the auspices of the NATO Security Through Science Programme and addressed problems Risk management of water supply and sanitation systems impaired by operational failures, natural disasters and war conflicts.

The main purpose of the workshop was to critically assess the existing knowledge on Risk management of water supply and sanitation systems, with respect to diverse conditions in participating countries, and promote close co-operation among scientists with different professional experience from different countries.

The ARW technical program comprised papers on 4 topics: (a) Vulnerability of Wastewater and Sanitation Systems, (b) Vulnerability of Drinking Water Systems, (c) Emergency response plans, and (d) Case studies from regions affected by Drinking Water System, Wastewater and Sanitation System failures.

Unique, cutting-edge material on structural dynamics and natural forces for offshore structures

Using the latest advances in theory and practice, Dynamics of Offshore Structures, Second Edition is extensively revised to cover all aspects of the physical forces, structural modeling, and mathematical methods necessary to effectively analyze the dynamic behavior of offshore structures. Both closed-form solutions and the Mathematica software package are used in many of the up-to-date example problems to compute the deterministic and stochastic structural responses for such offshore structures as buoys; moored ships; and fixed-bottom, cable-stayed, and gravity-type platforms.

Throughout the book, consideration is given to the many assumptions involved in formulating a structural model and to the natural forces encountered in the offshore environment. These analyses focus on plane motions of elastic structures with linear and nonlinear restraints, as well as motions induced by the forces of currents, winds, earthquakes, and waves, including the latest theories and information on wave mechanics. Topics addressed include multidegree of freedom linear structures, continuous system analysis (including the motion of cables and pipelines), submerged pile design, structural modal damping, fluid-structure-soil interactions, and single degree of freedom structural models that, together with plane wave loading theories, lead to deterministic or time history predictions of structural responses. These analyses are extended to statistical descriptions of both wave loading and structural motion.

Dynamics of Offshore Structures, Second Edition is a valuable text for students in civil and mechanical engineering programs and an indispensable resource for structural, geotechnical, and construction engineers working with offshore projects.

In September 2006, research leaders in the field of coastal engineering, fluid mechanics, and wave theory met at Cornell University to celebrate the 60th birthday of Prof. Philip L-F Liu. This volume is a compilation of the research papers presented at the symposium, and includes both review and new research papers. Topics such as nonlinear wave theory, tsunamis, wave-structure interaction, turbulence, and modeling of complex sediment transport are discussed in this volume. All of the contributing authors are research collaborators of Prof. Liu, and include leaders in coastal engineering such as Maarten Dingemans, Hwung-Hweng Hwung, Nobu Kobayashi, Inigo Losada, Hocine Oumeraci, Costas Synolakis, and Harry Yeh.

Contaminated sediments pose some of the most difficult site remediation issues. Contaminated sediments typically reside in spatially variable and dynamic systems subject to seasonal flow variations and episodic storm events. The volume of sediments that must be managed at particular sites often exceeds one million cubic meters, dwarfing many contaminated soil sites. These sediments are also associated with equally daunting volumes of water and efforts to remove the contamination typically entrains even more water. The environmental security of both NATO and partner countries is at risk due to the pervasive nature of sediment contamination of rivers, lakes and harbors. A NATO Advanced Research Workshop was convened in Bratislava in May 2005 to discuss current approaches to managing contaminated sediments and to identify research necessary to overcome outstanding problems.

In this text, drawn from presentations and discussion of that workshop, current approaches to the assessment and remediation of contaminated sediments will be discussed with the emphasis on in-situ management. Physical, chemical and biological approaches for the assessment and remediation of sediments are all addressed. Developing regulatory and strategic approaches are highlighted with a special emphasis on the potential for biological remediation for the management of contaminated sediments.

The most up-to-date guide to construction dewatering and groundwater control

In the past dozen years, the methods of analyzing and treating groundwater conditions have vastly improved. The Third Edition of Construction Dewatering and Groundwater Control, reflecting the most current technology and practices, is a timely and much-needed overview of this rapidly changing field.

Illustrated with hundreds of new figures and photographs and including numerous detailed case histories, the Third Edition of Construction Dewatering and Groundwater Control is a comprehensive and valuable reference for both students and practicing engineers alike.

Drawing on real-world experience, the authors lead the reader through all facets of the theory and practice of this fascinating and often complex engineering discipline. Discussion includes:

Dozens of case histories demonstrating various groundwater control practices and lessons learned in groundwater control and work performed

Detailed methods of controlling groundwater by use of conventional dewatering methods aswell as vertical barrier, grouted cutoff, and frozen ground techniques

Contracting practices and conflict resolution methods that will help minimize disputes

Alternatives and effective practices for handling and treating contaminated groundwater

Innovations in equipment and materials that improve the performance and efficiency of groundwater control systems

Practices and procedures for success in artificial recharge

Groundwater modeling to simulate and plan dewatering projects

Inclusion of dual U.S. customary and metric units throughout

Construction Dewatering and Groundwater Control is an indispensabletool for all engineering and construction professionals searching for the most up-to-date coverage of groundwater control for various purposes, the modern ways to identify and analyze site-specific situations, and the modern tools available to control them.