1) Demonstrates alternative definitions of the fuzzy safety factor 2) Explains properties of materials and their structural deterioration 3) Covers optimal probabilistic design 4) Aids the reader in solving problems associated with uncertainty

Most approaches that contribute to the design of life-critical systems almost only consider nominal situations where procedures can be developed and used to achieve satisfactory operations. These kinds of approaches lead to rigid ways of doing things and poorly address the needs for flexibility, especially when things go wrong. It is not a matter of human adaptation but of human systems integration (HSI) flexibility. HSI flexibility requires cross-fertilization of appropriate experiences combined with creativity. This book provides risk-management approaches and methods for combining prevention and design. Features: Discusses risk-management approaches and methods for combining prevention and design Examines a transdisciplinary approach to risk management in design and operations of safer life-critical systems Proposes an approach of work analysis during design, which enables design teams to consider HSI issues early enough to fix organizational problems upstream Teaches the combination of prevention and design for safety management This book gathers and analyzes relevant field data to rationalize human and systems activity in various life-critical environments and workplaces, in a systemic manner, and in a variety of safety domains (e.g., aviation, road, navy, manufacturing, hospital, transportation, defense, sport). It further formalizes and analyzes risk-taking experience, expertise, stories about critical events, and scientific and professional literature data to help engineering designers, managers, and health and safety specialists. The text is primarily written for graduate students and professionals working in the fields of occupational health and safety, ergonomics, human factors, cognitive engineering, and human-system integration.

Turbulence in Open Channel and River Flows covers turbulence and related fluid mechanics in open-channel flows, addressing both basic mechanisms and their applications. It helps readers understand the organized motion involved in turbulent flow and apply this understanding to the practice of hydraulic engineering, including mass and sediment transport. Chapters cover mathematical expansion procedures and basic fluid mechanics to help readers understand essentially physical phenomena, and present special techniques for measurement and accurate direct observation of open-channel turbulence in laboratory flumes or natural rivers. Topics related to environmental management and turbulence-related disasters are addressed. Includes detailed mathematical expansions and supporting supplements in an appendix Presents the mathematics and fluid mechanics needed to understand turbulence in open channels Includes experimental topics from the author's research, encouraging readers to measure and accurately observe turbulence in laboratories and rivers The book is ideal for graduate students, researchers and engineers in hydraulics and hydromechanics.

Structured with a practical approach, Engineering Capstone Design guides engineering students to successfully manage capstone design projects. The book addresses the challenge of open-ended design projects, often in a team-based format, discussing team member roles, communication, and cooperation. It incorporates accreditation requirements and provides a modern framework for working with industry, reinforced by the inclusion of case studies. Offers a structured process for capstone design, responsive to ABET accreditation requirements Explains how to manage design projects under critical timelines and budgets Covers essential topics and steps in a capstone design sequence, including defining, conceiving, presenting, prototyping, building, testing, and redesigning Considers industry perspectives, as well as design competitions Includes case studies for a look into industry experience In addition to guiding engineering students conducting capstone design projects, this book will also interest industry professionals who are engaged in product development or design problem-solving.

This book provides an understanding of what is required to engineer and manufacture drug products. It bridges established concepts and provides for a new outlook by concentrating and creating new linkages in the implementation of manufacturing, quality assurance, and business practices related to drug manufacturing and healthcare products. This book fills a gap by providing a connection between drug production and regulated applications. It focuses on drug manufacturing, quality techniques in oral solid dosage, and capsule filling including equipment and critical systems, to control production and the finished products. The book offers a correlation between design strategies and a step-by-step process to ensure the reliability, safety, and efficacy of healthcare products. Fundamentals of techniques, quality by design, risk assessment, and management are covered along with a scientific method approach to continuous improvement in the usage of computerized manufacturing and dependence on information technology and control operations through data and metrics. Manufacturing and Quality Assurance of Oral Pharmaceutical Products: Processing and Safe Handling of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) is of interest to professionals and engineers in the fields of manufacturing engineering, quality assurance, reliability, business management, process, and continuous improvement, life cycle management, healthcare products manufacturing, pharmaceutical processing, and computerized manufacturing.

This volume of the Handbook of Usability and User Experience (UX) presents research and case studies used to design products, systems and environments with good usability and consequent acceptance, pleasure in use, good user experience, and understanding of human interaction issues with products and systems for their improvement. The book presents concepts and perspectives of UX; it also discusses methods and tools that use requirements analysis activity elicitation, recording, and analysis to guarantee a good user experience. In addition, it introduces usability and UX in the automotive industry, usability and UX in a digital interface, game design and digital media, usability and UX in fashion design, and some case studies on usability and UX in various contexts in product design. We hope that this second volume will be helpful to a larger number of professionals, students and practitioners who strive to incorporate usability and UX principles and knowledge in a variety of applications. We trust that the knowledge presented in this volume will ultimately lead to an increased appreciation of the benefits of usability and incorporate the principles of usability and UX knowledge to improve the quality, effectiveness, and efficiency of everyday consumer products, systems, and environments.

This text provides an in-depth overview of sustainability in machining processes, challenges during machining of difficult-to-cut materials and different ways of green machining in achieving sustainability. It discusses important topics including green and sustainable machining, dry machining, textured cutting coated tools for machining, solid lubricants-based machining, gas-cooled machining, cryogenic cooling for intelligent machining, artificial neural network for machining, big data based machining, and hybrid intelligent machining. This book- Covers advances in sustainable machining such as gas-cooled machining, near dry machining, and minimum quantity lubrication. Explores use of big data, machine learning and artificial intelligence for machining processes. Provides case studies and experimental design as well as results with analysis focusing on achieving sustainability. Discusses artificial intelligence and machine learning based machining processes. Cover the latest applications of sustainable manufacturing for a better understanding of the concepts. The text is primarily written for senior undergraduate, graduate students, and researchers in the fields of mechanical, manufacturing, industrial, production engineering and materials science.

Presents reasons for the supply chain disruption from various perspective and includes case studies along with an historical perspective for guidance Explores how the supply chain will take shape post COVID-19 Discusses likely future scenarios of new and emerging supply chains Describes various MCDM tools used to make complex decisions by companies to stay ahead Offers domain experts' opinions and views to help in formulating real-time strategies

Unique, cutting-edge material on structural dynamics and natural forces for offshore structures

Using the latest advances in theory and practice, Dynamics of Offshore Structures, Second Edition is extensively revised to cover all aspects of the physical forces, structural modeling, and mathematical methods necessary to effectively analyze the dynamic behavior of offshore structures. Both closed-form solutions and the Mathematica software package are used in many of the up-to-date example problems to compute the deterministic and stochastic structural responses for such offshore structures as buoys; moored ships; and fixed-bottom, cable-stayed, and gravity-type platforms.

Throughout the book, consideration is given to the many assumptions involved in formulating a structural model and to the natural forces encountered in the offshore environment. These analyses focus on plane motions of elastic structures with linear and nonlinear restraints, as well as motions induced by the forces of currents, winds, earthquakes, and waves, including the latest theories and information on wave mechanics. Topics addressed include multidegree of freedom linear structures, continuous system analysis (including the motion of cables and pipelines), submerged pile design, structural modal damping, fluid-structure-soil interactions, and single degree of freedom structural models that, together with plane wave loading theories, lead to deterministic or time history predictions of structural responses. These analyses are extended to statistical descriptions of both wave loading and structural motion.

Dynamics of Offshore Structures, Second Edition is a valuable text for students in civil and mechanical engineering programs and an indispensable resource for structural, geotechnical, and construction engineers working with offshore projects.

Groundwater for Sustainable Livelihoods and Equitable Growth explores how groundwater, often invisibly, improves peoples’ lives and livelihoods. This unique collection of 19 studies captures experiences of groundwater making a difference in 16 countries in Africa, South America and Asia. Such studies are rarely documented and this book provides a rich new collection of interdisciplinary analysis. The book is published in colour and includes many original diagrams and photographs.

Spring water, wells or boreholes have provided safe drinking water and reliable water for irrigation or industry for millennia. However, the hidden nature of groundwater often means that it’s important role both historically and in the present is overlooked. This collection helps fill this knowledge gap, providing a diverse set of new studies encompassing different perspectives and geographies. Different interdisciplinary methodologies are described that can help understand linkages between groundwater, livelihoods and growth, and how these links can be threatened by over-use, contamination, and ignorance.

Written for a worldwide audience of practitioners, academics and students with backgrounds in geology, engineering or environmental sciences; Groundwater for Sustainable Livelihoods and Equitable Growth is essential reading for those involved in groundwater and international development.

Table of Contents

Introduction: Groundwater, sustainable livelihoods and equitable growth

1. Groundwater and livelihood in Gunungsewu Karst Area, Indonesia

2. Groundwater resources development for livelihoods enhancement in the Sahel Region - Case Study of Niger

3. Groundwater, informal abstraction and peri-urban dwellers in the Techiman Municipality of Ghana

4. Urban development and intensive groundwater use in African coastal areas: the case of Lomé urban area in Togo

5. Contribution of groundwater towards urban household water security

6. Sustainable and resilient exploitation of small alluvial aquifers in the Brazilian semi-arid region: the experience of Sumé

7. Stubble burning in northwestern India- is it related to groundwater over-exploitation?

8. Groundwater recharge through landscape restoration and surface water harvesting for climate resilience: the case of Upper Tekeze River Basin, Northern Ethiopia

9. The Quaternary aquifer: an affordable resource to address water scarcity in the northern part of the Lake Chad basin

10. An overview of Karst groundwater springs in Al Jabal Al Khader region (North East Libya)

11. The Governance and water security of groundwater obtained from private domestic wells in Periurban areas in Brazil: The case study of the Guandu River Basin in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

12. Groundwater policy, legal, and institutional framework situation analysis: Gaps and action plan: The case of Malawi

13. Groundwater: A Juggernaut of socio-economic development and stability in the arid region of Kachchh

14. The role of groundwater in economic and social development of Mato Grosso do Sul State, Midwest of Brazil

15. Valuing groundwater use: resolving the potential of groundwater in the Upper Great Ruaha River Catchment of Tanzania

16. Conjunctive use of surface and groundwater: operational and water management strategies to build resilience, water security and adaptation

17. The Role of Groundwater in rural water supply: The case of six villages of Taunggyi District, Southern Shan State, Myanmar

18. Groundwater-driven paddy farming in West Bengal: How a smallholder-unfriendly farm power policy affects livelihoods of farmers

19. Assessment of options for small-scale groundwater irrigation in Lao PDR

Focusing attention on gravity-fed water-flow systems in medieval cities and monasteries, "Water Technology in the Middle Ages: Cities, Monasteries, and Waterworks after the Roman Empire" challenges the view that hydraulic engineering died with the Romans and remained moribund until the Renaissance. Roberta Magnusson explores the systems' technologies--how they worked, what uses the water served--and also the social rifts that created struggles over access to this basic necessity.

Mindful of theoretical questions about what hastens technological change and how society and technology mutually influence one another, the author supplies a thoughtful and instructive study. Archeological, historical, and literary evidence vividly depicts those who designed, constructed, and used medieval water systems and demonstrates a shift from a public-administrative to a private-innovative framework--one that argues for the importance of local initiatives.

"The following chapters attempt to chart a course between the Scylla and Charybdis of technological and social determinism. While writing them, I have tried to strike a balance between the technical and human aspects of medieval hydraulic systems, and to remember that beneath the welter of documents and diffusion patterns, configurations and components, ordinances and expenditures, lie the perceptions, the choices, and often the plain hard work of individual men and women." --from the Preface

This book discusses risk management as it applies to problem-solving for simple, complex and wicked problems faced by policy creators and implementors, project managers and systems engineers in the context of policies, large engineering projects (LEPs), projects and systems. When applying systems thinking to risk management, it can be seen that risk management applies to almost every action taken in daily life. This book: Introduces the systems approach of integrating risk management into policy creation and implementation, project management and systems engineering, such as the risk framework and the Firm Fixed Price (FFP) contract with penalties and bonuses. Introduces a number of out-of-the box concepts building on the application of the systems thinking tools in the system thinker's toolbox. Points out that integrating risk management into policy and project management and systems engineering is just good management and engineering practice. Discusses the flow of risk in a policy from creation through implementation via LEPs and simpler projects, identifying where risks arise and where they should be dealt with. Presents the risks in the relationship between policy creation, implementation, project management and systems engineering. Discusses risks throughout the policy implementation process and shows how the nature of risks changes from political to financial to technological as implementation proceeds. Discusses managing complexity and specifies the minimum number of elements in a system for it to be defined as, and managed as, complex. Points out that in most instances the traditionally ignored major implementation risk is that of poor performance by personnel. Shows how to proactively incorporate prevention into planning in order to prevent risks, as well as how to mitigate them when they occur.

Reliability technology plays an important role in the present era of industrial growth, optimal efficiency, and reducing hazards. This book provides insights into current advances and developments in reliability engineering, and the research presented is spread across all branches. It discusses interdisciplinary solutions to complex problems using different approaches to save money, time, and manpower. It presents methodologies of coping with uncertainty in reliability optimization through the usage of various techniques such as soft computing, fuzzy optimization, uncertainty, and maintenance scheduling. Case studies and real-world examples are presented along with applications that can be used in practice. This book will be useful to researchers, academicians, and practitioners working in the area of reliability and systems assurance engineering. Provides current advances and developments across different branches of engineering. Reviews and analyses case studies and real-world examples. Presents applications to be used in practice. Includes numerous examples to illustrate theoretical results.

The author has spent approximately 50 years in the field of systems engineering. This Focus book provides a "looking back" at his 50-year run and the lessons he learned and would like to share with other engineers, so they can use these lessons in their day-to-day work in systems engineering and related fields. The book is written from a systems engineering perspective. It offers 50 lessons learned working for a variety of different companies, which can be used across many other engineering fields. The book will be of interested to students and engineers across many fields, as well as students and engineers working in business and management fields.

This book captures deploying Industry 4.0 technologies for business excellence and moving towards Society 5.0. It addresses applications of Industry 4.0 in the areas of marketing, operations, supply chain, finance, and HR to achieve business excellence. Industry 4.0 Technologies for Business Excellence: Frameworks, Practices, and Applications focuses on the use of AI in management across different sectors. It explores the benefits through a human-centered approach to resolving social problems by integrating cyberspace and physical space. It discusses the framework for moving towards Society 5.0 and keeping a balance between economic and social gains. This book brings together researchers, developers, practitioners, and users interested in exploring new ideas, techniques, and tools and exchanging their experiences to provide the most recent information on Industry 4.0 applications in the field of business excellence. Graduate or postgraduate students, professionals, and researchers in the fields of operations management, manufacturing, healthcare, supply chain, marketing, finance, and HR will find this book full of new ideas, techniques, and tools related to Industry 4.0.

With most of the easy gas and oil reserves discovered and prices rebounding, companies are now drilling far offshore in extreme weather condition environments. As deepwater wells are drilled to greater depths, engineers and designers are confronted with new problems such as water depth, weather conditions, ocean currents, equipment reliability, and well accessibility. "Offshore Structure Design, Construction and Maintenance" covers all types of offshore structures and platforms employed worldwide.

The ultimate reference for selecting, operating and maintaining offshore structures, this book provides a road map for designing structures which will stand up even in the harshest environments. The selection of the proper type of offshore structure is discussed from a technical and economic point of view. The design procedure for the fixed offshore structure will be presented and how to review the design to reach the optimum solution. Nonlinear analysis (Push over) analysis will be presented as a new technique to design and assess the existing structure. Pile design and tubular joint with the effect of fatigue loading will be presented also from a theoretical and a practical point of view.

With this book in hand, engineers receive the most up-to-date methods for performing a structural life cycle analysis; implement maintenance plans for topsides and jackets, using non destructive testing. Under water inspection is discussed for hundreds of platforms in detail. Advanced repair methodology for scour, marine growth and damaged or deteriorating members are discussed. Risk based under water inspection techniques are covered from a practical pint of view. In addition, the book will be supported by an online modeling and simulation program with will allow designers to save time and money by verifying assumptions online.
One stop guide to offshore structure design and analysis Easy to understand methods for structural life cycle analysisExpert advice for designing offshore platforms for all types of environments Save time and money by verifying designs online

- provides an overview of spillway function, capacity and design- historic overview of river basin studies and floods- treating arrangements of hydroelectric works and types of spillways

This reference for engineers, and graduate students covers sediment transport and morphodynamics modelling in nearshore environments. It presents the fundamentals required for understanding the physics and for setting up numerical models. This book covers hydrodynamics of estuarine and coastal environments, properties of seafloor and estuarine composition, and hydroenvironmental interactions; emphasising the inter-relations of small- and large-scale processes, and short- and large-evolution timescales. The focus is, principally, on the application of shallow-water theory, but some surface wave models, and coupling of shallow-water models with surface waves is also discussed to some extent. The guidance on running regional models and the case studies presented are directed to managed realignment, coastal protection, climate change impacts, and offshore renewables. Key features: Gives a balanced review of this rich interdisciplinary area Bridges practical engineering and research Offers both large- and small-scale application Suits graduate students and researchers as well as consulting engineers Vanesa Magar is a senior researcher and associate professor at the Centro de Investigacion Cientifica y de Educacion Superior de Ensenada (CICESE) in Baja California, Mexico. She was formerly a researcher and then a lecturer at Plymouth University, UK.

Describes the background of manufacturing techniques in brief including advent of and introduction to modern manufacturing techniques (MMTs) Reviews various types of MMTs established in recent years and their accelerated growth and development innovation driven applications Overviews the physical and chemical techniques used for nanomaterials production Explores the fabrication mechanism of MEMS, NEMS, semiconductors and optical devices Provides a conceptual overview of AM technologies

This book celebrates the relaunch of the African Pollen Database, presents state-of-the-art of modern and ancient pollen data from sub-Saharan Africa, and promotes Open Access science. Pollen grains are powerful tools for the study of past vegetation dynamics because they preserve well within sedimentary deposits and have a huge diversity in ornamentation that allows different taxa to be determined. The reconstruction of past vegetation from the examination of ancient pollen records thus can be used to characterize the nature of past landscapes (e.g. abundance of forests vs. grasslands), provide insights into changes in biodiversity, and gain empirical evidence of vegetation response to climatic change and human activity. In this, the 35th Volume of "Palaeoecology of Africa", we bring together new data and extensive synthetic reviews to provide novel insights into the relationships between human evolution, human activity, climate change and vegetation dynamics during the Quaternary, the last 2.6 million years.

Current and ongoing climate and land-use change is exerting pressure on modern vegetation formations and threatening the livelihoods and wellbeing of many peoples in Africa. In this book the focus is on the Quaternary because it is during this geological period that the modern vegetation formations developed into their current configurations against a backdrop of high magnitude global climate change (glacial-interglacial cycles), human evolution, and a growing human land-use footprint. In this book the latest information is presented and collated from around the African continent to parameterize past vegetation states, identify the drivers of vegetation change, and assess the vegetation resilience to change. To achieve this research from two broad themes are covered: (i) the present is the key to the past (i.e. studies which improve our understanding of modern environments so that we can better interpret evidence from the past), and (ii) the past is the key to the future (i.e. studies which unlock information on how and why vegetation changed in the past so one can better anticipate trajectories of future change).

This Open Access book will provide a strong foundation for future research exploring past ecological, environmental and climatic change within Africa and the surrounding islands. The book is organized regionally (covering western, eastern, central, and southern Africa) and it contains specialized articles focused on particular topics (such as modern pollen-vegetation relationships and fire as a driver of vegetation change), as well as regional and pan-African syntheses drawing together decades of research to assess key scientific questions (including the role of climate in driving vegetation change and the role of vegetation change in human evolution). These articles will be useful to students and teachers from high school to the highest level of university who are interested in the origins and dynamics of vegetation in Africa. Furthermore, it is also meant to provide societally relevant information that can act as an inspiration for the development of sustainable management practices for the future.

Table of Contents

1. Rise of the Palaeoecology of Africa series

2. The African Pollen Database (APD) and tracing environmental change: State of the Art

3. Preliminary evidence for green, brown and black worlds in tropical western Africa during the Middle and Late Pleistocene

4. Holocene high-altitude vegetation dynamics on Emi Koussi, Tibesti Mountains (Chad, Central Sahara)

5. Timing and nature of the end of the African Humid Period in the Sahel: Insight from pollen data

6. Changes in the West African landscape at the end of the African Humid Period

7. Reconstructing vegetation history of the Olorgesailie Basin during the Middle to Late Pleistocene using phytolith data

8. Sedimentological, palynological and charcoal analyses of the hydric palustrine sediments from the Lielerai-Kimana wetlands, Kajiado, southern Kenya

9. The new Garba Guracha palynological se-quence: Revision and data expansion

10. Lower to Mid-Pliocene pollen data from East African hominid sites, a review

11. Ecosystem change and human-environment interactions of Arabia

12. The challenge of pollen-based quantitative reconstruction of Holocene plant cover in tropical regions: A pilot study in Cameroon

13. A Holocene pollen record from Mboandong, a crater lake in lowland Cameroon

14. Future directions of palaeoecological research in the hyper-diverse Cape Floristic Region: The role of palynological studies

15. An atlas of southern African pollen types and their climatic affinities

16. Pollen productivity estimates from KwaZulu-Natal Drakensberg, South Africa

17. Modern pollen-vegetation relationships in the Drakensberg Mountains, South Africa

18. A Late Holocene pollen and microcharcoal record from Eilandvlei, southern Cape coast, South Africa

19. A ~650 year pollen and microcharcoal record from Vankervelsvlei, South Africa

20. Pollen records of the 14th and 20th centuries AD from Lake Tsizavatsy in southwest Madagascar

21. Modern pollen studies from tropical Africa and their use in palaeoecology

22. Vegetation response to millennial- and orbital-scale climate changes in Africa:

A view from the Ocean

23. Inside-of-Africa: How landscape openness shaped Homo sapiens evolution by facilitating dispersal and gene-flow in Middle and Late Pleistocene Africa

24. The role of palaeoecology in conserving African ecosystems

How do accidents and disasters occur? How has knowledge of accident processes evolved? A significant improvement in safety has occurred during the past century, with the number of accidents falling spectacularly within industry, aviation and road traffic. This progress has been gradual in the context of a changing society. The improvements are partly due to a better understanding of the accident processes that ultimately lead to damage. This book shows how contemporary crises instigated the development of safety knowledge and how the safety sciences pieced their theories together by research, by experience and by taking ideas from other domains. From Safety to Safety Science details 150 years of knowledge development in the safety sciences. The authors have rigorously extracted the essence of safety knowledge development from more than 2,500 articles to provide a unique overview and insight into the background and usability of safety theories, as well as modelling how they developed and how they are used today. Extensive appendices and references provide an additional dimension to support further scholarly work in this field. The book is divided into clear time periods to make it an accessible piece of science history that will be invaluable to both new and experienced safety researchers, to safety courses and education, and to learned practitioners.

Critical Steps happen every day at work and at home, purposefully. Work does not happen otherwise. If an operation has the capacity to do work, then it has the capacity to do harm. Work is energy directed by human beings to create value. But people are imperfect-we make mistakes, and sometimes we lose control of the work. Therefore, work is the use of force under conditions of uncertainty. A Critical Step is a human action that will trigger immediate, irreversible, and intolerable harm to an asset, if that action or a preceding action is performed improperly. Whether the human action involves clicking on a link attached to an e-mail message, walking down a flight of stairs with a newborn baby in arms, engaging the clutch on a gasoline-driven chain saw, or administering a medication to a patient in a hospital, these all satisfy the definition of what constitutes critical risks in our daily lives, professionally or personally. The overarching goal of managing Critical Steps is to maximize the success (safety, reliability, productivity, quality, profitability, etc.) of people's performance in the workplace, to create value for the organization without losing control of built-in hazards necessary to create that value.

Critical Steps happen every day at work and at home, purposefully. Work does not happen otherwise. If an operation has the capacity to do work, then it has the capacity to do harm. Work is energy directed by human beings to create value. But people are imperfect-we make mistakes, and sometimes we lose control of the work. Therefore, work is the use of force under conditions of uncertainty. A Critical Step is a human action that will trigger immediate, irreversible, and intolerable harm to an asset, if that action or a preceding action is performed improperly. Whether the human action involves clicking on a link attached to an e-mail message, walking down a flight of stairs with a newborn baby in arms, engaging the clutch on a gasoline-driven chain saw, or administering a medication to a patient in a hospital, these all satisfy the definition of what constitutes critical risks in our daily lives, professionally or personally. The overarching goal of managing Critical Steps is to maximize the success (safety, reliability, productivity, quality, profitability, etc.) of people's performance in the workplace, to create value for the organization without losing control of built-in hazards necessary to create that value.

Provides detailed models/analysis pertaining to various cases which are useful for material requirements planning and supply chain environment. Elaborates manufacturing rate flexibility, demand variation, and production rate variation. Discusses multi-item manufacturing environment and presents models with backorders as well as fractional backlogging. Analyzes flexible production rate along with upward and downward variations.

Provides an overview to futuristic research areas Explores various engineering optimization and multi-criteria decision making techniques Introduces a specific control framework for use in analyzing processes Covers problem-analyzing and solving skills Includes different types of composites materials, design considerations, and applications