A stream flowing in alluvium deforms its bed surface, forming ripples, dunes, bars, etc., and, in many instances, it deforms its channel entirely, thereby creating meandering or braiding patterns. It could be said that, in general, an alluvial stream and its deformable boundary undergo a variety of fluvial processes leading to the emergence of a multitude of alluvial forms. This book concerns the physics and analytical treatment of various fluvial processes and the associated alluvial bed and plan forms listed above. Following an introductory chapter on the basics of turbulent flow and sediment transport, the book covers the origin, geometric characteristics and effects of bed forms, from small- to meso-scale (ripples, dunes, alternate and multiple bars); the initiation, geometry and mechanics of meandering streams; the computation of flow, bed deformation and the planimetric evolution of meandering streams; and braiding and delta formation. The book also covers the regime concept, the time-development of a stream towards its regime state, and the formulation of stable, or equilibrium, morphology. The book distinguishes itself by its comprehensive analysis and discussion of key processes involved in large-scale river morphodynamics. The book was written primarily for researchers and graduate students of hydraulic engineering, water resources and related branches of earth sciences, but it will also prove useful for river engineers and managers.

This is the second volume of a two-volume guide to designing, conducting and interpreting laboratory and field experiments in a broad range of topics associated with hydraulic engineering. Specific guidance is provided on methods and instruments currently used in experimental hydraulics, with emphasis on new and emerging measurement technologies and methods of analysis. Additionally, this book offers a concise outline of essential background theory, underscoring the intrinsic connection between theory and experiments. This book is much needed, as experimental hydraulicians have had to refer to guidance scattered in scientific papers or specialized monographs on essential aspects of laboratory and fieldwork practice. The book is the result of the first substantial effort in the community of hydraulic engineering to describe in one place all the components of experimental hydraulics. Included is the work of a team of more than 45 professional experimentalists, who explore innovative approaches to the vast array of experiments of differing complexity encountered by today's hydraulic engineer, from laboratory to field, from simple but well-conceived to complex and well-instrumented. The style of this book is intentionally succinct, making frequent use of convenient summaries, tables and examples to present information. All researchers, practitioners, and students conducting or evaluating experiments in hydraulics will find this book useful.

This book provides 1-page short biographies of scientists and engineers having worked in the areas of hydraulic engineering and fluid dynamics in the USA. On each page, a notable individual is highlighted by: (1) Exact dates and locations of birth and death; (2) Educational and professional details, including also awards received; (3) Reasons for inclusion in the book by highlighting key publications; (4) Short bibliography including both individual's own, and source literature such as Who's Who details, or origination details of the portrait; (5) In most cases, an illustrative portrait or photo showing, for example, a book cover of the individual, or photograph of a typical work such as a dam or a canal. This volume includes almost 1,000 individuals, of which there are only 2 women. The book also provides a detailed Index, and a 2-page list of individuals (normally born in Europe) listed in previous volumes (1 and 2), but having a relation to this volume 3. The book also contains a map of the USA highlighting the major American rivers, with a close relation to projects carried out by several of the individuals presented in the book. This book provides a beautiful overview of the many scientists and engineers having contributed to the current knowledge in hydraulic engineering and fluid mechanics. The author made every effort in compiling the most important hydraulicians of the USA in this work as it will become much more difficult in future decades to find biographical details on these, given the current policy that so few memoirs or necrologues are published.

"Showcases the beneftis and potential advantages of water hydraulics over oil-based media. Interweaves examples and excercises throughout the text to illustrate critical concepts, with helpful appendices on abbreviations, symbols, conversion factors, and water contaminants, and glossary sections."

Modelling forms a vital part of all engineering design, yet many hydraulic engineers are not fully aware of the assumptions they make. These assumptions can have important consequences when choosing the best model to inform design decisions.

Considering the advantages and limitations of both physical and mathematical methods, this book will help you identify the most appropriate form of analysis for the hydraulic engineering application in question. All models require the knowledge of their background, good data and careful interpretation and so this book also provides guidance on the range of accuracy to be expected of the model simulations and how they should be related to the prototype.

Applications to models include:

• open channel systems
• closed conduit flows
• storm drainage systems
• estuaries
• coastal and nearshore structures
• hydraulic structures.

An invaluable guide for students and professionals.

Modelling forms a vital part of all engineering design, yet many hydraulic engineers are not fully aware of the assumptions they make. These assumptions can have important consequences when choosing the best model to inform design decisions.

Considering the advantages and limitations of both physical and mathematical methods, this book will help you identify the most appropriate form of analysis for the hydraulic engineering application in question. All models require the knowledge of their background, good data and careful interpretation and so this book also provides guidance on the range of accuracy to be expected of the model simulations and how they should be related to the prototype.

Applications to models include:

• open channel systems
• closed conduit flows
• storm drainage systems
• estuaries
• coastal and nearshore structures
• hydraulic structures.

This an invaluable guide for students and professionals.

Mechanistic models are often employed to simulate processes in coastal environments. However, these predictive tools are highly specialized, involve certain assumptions and limitations, and can be manipulated only by experienced engineers who have a thorough understanding of the underlying principles. This results in significant constraints on their manipulation as well as large gaps in understanding and expectations between the developers and users of a model.

Recent advancements in soft computing technologies make it possible to integrate machine learning capabilities into numerical modelling systems in order to bridge the gaps and lessen the demands on human experts. This book reviews the state-of-the-art in conventional coastal modelling as well as in the increasingly popular integration of various artificial intelligence technologies into coastal modelling. Conventional hydrodynamic and water quality modelling techniques comprise finite difference and finite element methods. The novel algorithms and methods include knowledge-based systems, genetic algorithms, artificial neural networks, and fuzzy inference systems.

Different soft computing methods contribute towards accurate and reliable prediction of coastal processes. Combining these techniques and harnessing their benefits has the potential to make extremely powerful modelling tools.

"Advances in Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering - Proceedings of 16th IAHR-APD Congress and 3rd Symposium of IAHR-ISHS" discusses some serious problems of sustainable development of human society related to water resources, disaster caused by flooding or draught, environment and ecology, and introduces latest research in river engineering and fluvial processes, estuarine and coastal hydraulics, hydraulic structures and hydropower hydraulics, etc. The proceedings covers new research achievements in the Asian-Pacific region in water resources, environmental ecology, river and coastal engineering, which are especially important for developing countries all over the world.

This proceedings serves as a reference for researchers in the field of water resources, water quality, water pollution and water ecology. Changkuan Zhang and Hongwu Tang both are professors at Hohai University, China.

Too little water or too much In either case streamflow measurement is crucial. Climate change could significant affect water resources and flood management. Streamflow measurement is necessary for efficient water management.

This third edition deals with all the main current methods for measuring the flow in rivers and open channels, in accordance with ISO and CEN standards and to satisfy the current requirements of the International Organization for Standardization and the European Union 's Water Directive. A new chapter on the Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) is included; the chapter on uncertainties has been redrafted in accordance with the recent International Standard on uncertainties in measurement (GUM); the chapters on the Stage-Fall-Discharge method and Hydrometric Data Processing have also been updated; and a new section on flood flows has been added.

Within manufacturing, welding is by far the most widely used fabrication method used for production, leading to a rise in research and development activities pertaining to the welding and joining of different, similar, and dissimilar combinations of the metals. This book addresses recent advances in various welding processes across the domain, including arc welding and solid-state welding process, as well as experimental processes. The content is structured to update readers about the working principle, predicaments in existing process, innovations to overcome these problems, and direct industrial and practical applications. Key Features: Describes recent developments in welding technology, engineering, and science Discusses advanced computational techniques for procedure development Reviews recent trends of implementing DOE and meta-heuristics optimization techniques for setting accurate parameters Addresses related theoretical, practical, and industrial aspects Includes all the aspects of welding, such as arc welding, solid state welding, and weld overlay

Hydrometry presents a thorough introduction to the science of hydrometry: the measurement of flow in open channels. Dealing with both traditional techniques and innovative new methods and instruments, in line with the latest ISO standards, this book deals with the main themes of hydrometry: the measurement of water levels and bed levels, of discharge and of sediment transport; it considers the use of flow measurement structures, hydrological networks and the organization of river surveys.

Wubbo Boiten has extensive experience in teaching students from many countries and backgrounds, and has distilled this experience into a clear and comprehensive account of hydrology and water resource management. Hydrometry will appeal to graduate students and professionals in hydrology and management of water resources.

Thin Film Coatings: Properties, Deposition, and Applications discusses the holistic subject of conventional and emerging thin film technologies without bias to a specific technology based on the existing literature. It covers properties and delves into the various methods of thin film deposition, including the most recent techniques and a direction for future developments. It also discusses the cutting-edge applications of thin film coatings such as self-healing and smart coatings, biomedical, hybrid, and scalable thin films. Finally, the concept of Industry 4.0 in thin film coating technology is examined. This book: Explores a wide range and is not specific to material and method of deposition Demonstrates the application of thin film coatings in nearly all sectors, such as energy and anti-microbial applications Details the preparation and properties of hybrid and scalable (ultra) thin materials for advanced applications Provides detailed bibliometric analyses on applications of thin film coatings Discusses Industry 4.0 and 3D printing in thin film technology With its broad coverage, this comprehensive reference will appeal to a wide audience of materials scientists and engineers and others studying and developing advanced thin film technologies.

This book provides advanced techniques for precision compensation and fault diagnosis of precision motion systems and rotating machinery. Techniques and applications through experiments and case studies for intelligent precision compensation and fault diagnosis are offered along with the introduction of machine learning and deep learning methods. Machine Learning-Based Fault Diagnosis for Industrial Engineering Systems discusses how to formulate and solve precision compensation and fault diagnosis problems. The book includes experimental results on hardware equipment used as practical examples throughout the book. Machine learning and deep learning methods used in intelligent precision compensation and intelligent fault diagnosis are introduced. Applications to deal with relevant problems concerning CNC machining and rotating machinery in industrial engineering systems are provided in detail along with applications used in precision motion systems. Methods, applications, and concepts offered in this book can help all professional engineers and students across many areas of engineering and operations management that are involved in any part of Industry 4.0 transformation.

The safety, maintainability, and maintenance of systems have become more important than ever before. Global competition and other factors are forcing manufacturers to produce highly safe and easily maintainable engineering systems. This means that there is a definite need for safety, maintainability, and maintenance professionals to work closely during the system design and other phases of a project, and this book with help with that. System Safety, Maintainability, and Maintenance for Engineers, presents, in a single volume, what engineers will need when designing systems from the fields of safety, maintainability, and maintenance of systems when they have to all work together on one project and it provides information where the reader will require no previous knowledge to understand it. Also offered are sources in the reference section at the end of each chapter so the reader is able to find further information if needed. For reader comprehension, examples along with their solutions are included at the end of each chapter. This book will be useful to many people including design engineers, system engineers, safety specialists, maintainability engineers, maintenance engineers, engineering managers, graduate and senior undergraduate students of engineering, researchers and instructors of safety, maintainability, and maintenance, and engineers-at-large.

Now includes Worked Examples for lectutrers in a companion pdf! The fourth edition of this volume presents design principles and practical guidance for key hydraulic structures. Fully revised and updated, this new edition contains enhanced texts and sections on: environmental issues and the World Commission on Dams partially saturated soils, small amenity dams, tailing dams, upstream dam face protection and the rehabilitation of embankment dams RCC dams and the upgrading of masonry and concrete dams flow over stepped spillways and scour in plunge pools cavitation, aeration and vibration of gates risk analysis and contingency planning in dam safety small hydroelectric power development and tidal and wave power wave statistics, pipeline stability, wave-structure interaction and coastal modelling computational models in hydraulic engineering. The book's key topics are explored in two parts - dam engineering and other hydraulic structures - and the text concludes with a chapter on models in hydraulic engineering. Worked numerical examples supplement the main text and extensive lists of references conclude each chapter. Hydraulic Structures provides advanced students with a solid foundation in the subject and is a useful reference source for researchers, designers and other professionals.

This book explains how accidents and high potential near-miss incidents are caused, and how to eliminate recurrences by effective accident investigation methods. It shows how to conduct an immediate and root cause analysis so that remedial measures can be taken to prevent a recurrence of similar events. The book shows how to apply the Logical Sequence Accident Investigation Method in the case studies presented. The book: Provides a practical guide to accident causes, investigation and prevention. Explains immediate and root causes in detail. Gives a number of problem-solving methods for the accident investigator to use. Introduces the Logical Sequence Accident Investigation Method. Provides a practical accident investigation evaluation system. The book discusses important topics including hazard identification and risk assessment, workplace health and safety, accident causation and prevention theories, the updated accident domino sequence, as well as safety management system standards and controls. The text is primarily written for professionals and graduate students in the fields of occupational health and safety, ergonomics and human factors engineering.

Many estuaries are located in urbanized, highly engineered environments. Cohesive sediment plays an important role due to its link with estuarine health and ecology. An important ecological parameter is the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) translated into turbidity levels and sediment budget. This study contributes to investigate and forecast turbidity levels and sediment budget variability at San Francisco Bay-Delta system at a variety of spatial and temporal scales applying a flexible mesh process-based model (Delft3D FM). It is possible to have a robust sediment model, which reproduces 90% of the yearly data derived sediment budget, with simple model settings, like applying one mud fraction and a simple bottom sediment distribution. This finding opens the horizon for modeling less monitored estuaries. Comparing two case studies, i.e. the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and Alviso Slough, a classification for estuaries regarding the main sediment dynamic forcing is proposed: event-driven estuary (Delta) and tide-driven estuary (Alviso Slough). In the event-driven estuaries, the rivers are the main sediment source and the tides have minor impact in the net sediment transport. In the tide-driven estuaries, the main sediment source is the bottom sediment and the tide asymmetry defines the net sediment transport. This research also makes advances in connecting different scientific fields and developing a managerial tool to support decision making. It provides the basis to a chain of models, which goes from the hydrodynamics, to suspended sediment, to phytoplankton, to fish, clams and marshes.

The aim of this book is to contribute to understanding risk knowledge and to forecasting components of early flood warning, particularly in the environment of tropical high mountains in developing cities. This research covers a challenge, taking into account the persistent lack of data, limited resources and often complex climatic, hydrologic and hydraulic conditions. In this research, a regional method is proposed for assessing flash flood susceptibility and for identifying debris flow predisposition at the watershed scale. An indication of hazard is obtained from the flash flood susceptibility analysis and continually, the vulnerability and an indication of flood risk at watershed scale was obtained. Based on risk analyses, the research follows the modelling steps for flood forecasting development. Input precipitation is addressed in the environment of complex topography commonly found in mountainous tropical areas. A distributed model, a semi-distributed model and a lumped model were all used to simulate the discharges of a tropical high mountain basin with a paramo upper basin. Performance analysis and diagnostics were carried out in order to identify the most appropriate model for the study area for flood early warning. Finally, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was used to explore the added value of numerical weather models for flood early warning in a paramo area.

Water is a precious natural resource, which is crucial to our survival. It needs to be used judiciously in the context of an increasing population not only to sustain essential requirements such as those for drinking and domestic usage, but also for increased food production, industrial usage, power generation, navigational requirements, pisciculture, recreation, landscaping etc. There are many books dealing with hydrology, hydraulics and hydraulic structures, which generally deal with larger problems of development, analysis, design and implementation of water resources. However, there are few books, which deal with small-scale development of water resources consistent with the environmental concerns as well as application of relevant eco-friendly technologies. This book provides both the perspectives.

This book addresses aspects of human factors in engineering and provides a detailed discussion of novel approaches, systems engineering tools, artificial cognitive systems, and intelligent technologies and automation. It presents applications in diverse areas including digital manufacturing, transportation, infrastructure development, and cybersecurity. This book: Merges the engineering perspective with the human factors and social dimension of Computing and artificial intelligence-based technologies. Covers technological development of human factors engineering and the human dimension in applications across all areas of modern society. Relates to human behavior in the context of technology and systems interactions. Discusses the design and the appropriation of 3D printing techniques in the management of an innovative product system. Presents systems engineering tools, user experience methodologies, artificial cognitive systems, intelligent technologies, and automation. The text is for students, professionals, and researchers in the fields of ergonomics, human factors, industrial engineering, and manufacturing engineering.

This book investigates human–machine systems through the use of case studies such as crankshaft maintenance, liner piston maintenance, and biodiesel blend performance. Through mathematical modelling and using various case studies, the book provides an understanding of how a mathematical modelling approach can assist in working out problems in any industrial-oriented activity. Mathematical Modelling: Simulation Analysis and Industrial Applications details a data analysis approach using mathematical modelling sensitivity. This approach helps in the processing of any type of data and can predict the result so that based on the result, the activity can be controlled by knowing the most influencing variables or parameters involved in the phenomenon. This book helps to solve field and experimental problems of any research activity using a data-based modelling concept to assist in solving any type of problem. Students in manufacturing, mechanical, and industrial engineering programs will find this book very useful. This topic has continued to advance and incorporate new concepts so that the manufacturing field continues to be a dynamic and exciting field of study.

Hydraulic research is developing beyond traditional civil engineering to satisfy increasing demands in natural hazards, structural safety assessment and environmental research. Hydraulic Engineering V contains 40 technical papers from the 5th International Technical Conference on Hydraulic Engineering (CHE 2017), held in Shanghai (China) 15-17 December 2017. The conference served as a major forum to promote technological progress and activities, technical transfer and cooperation, and opportunities for engineers and researchers to maintain and improve scientific and technical competence in the field of hydraulic engineering, environment and safety engineering, and other related fields. The selected papers mainly focus on theory and technologies related to hydraulic engineering, ecological structures in hydraulic engineering, stability and risk of hydraulic structures, estuary improvement and shoreline restoration, river engineering and sediment transport, dredging technology and equipment, flood hazards and innovative control measures, complex flow modelling, environmental hydraulics and hydrology, water purification, wastewater treatment, and geotechnical aspects in hydraulic engineering. Hydraulic Engineering V will be of interest to academics and engineers involved in Hydraulic Engineering and Environmental Engineering.

Provides a roadmap for advancing a pilot's aviation skill development towards a master-level. Discusses decision-making models, complex systems, and situational awareness. Includes real-world examples, situations, and pilot reports. Covers a wide range of airline flying challenges in extensive detail. Explores automation policy, benefits and limitations of automation, automation errors, and automation management techniques.

Shale gas and/or oil play identification is subject to many screening processes for characteristics such as porosity, permeability, and brittleness. Evaluating shale gas and/or oil reservoirs and identifying potential sweet spots (portions of the reservoir rock that have high-quality kerogen content and brittle rock) requires taking into consideration multiple rock, reservoir, and geological parameters that govern production. The early determination of sweet spots for well site selection and fracturing in shale reservoirs is a challenge for many operators. With this limitation in mind, Optimization of Hydraulic Fracture Stages and Sequencing in Unconventional Formations develops an approach to improve the industry's ability to evaluate shale gas and oil plays and is structured to lead the reader from general shale oil and gas characteristics to detailed sweet-spot classifications. The approach uses a new candidate selection and evaluation algorithm and screening criteria based on key geomechanical, petrophysical, and geochemical parameters and indices to obtain results consistent with existing shale plays and gain insights on the best development strategies going forward. The work introduces new criteria that accurately guide the development process in unconventional reservoirs in addition to reducing uncertainty and cost.

Experiential Learning presents an evolving form of education that fundamentally involves "learning by doing" and having students reflect on the work. The book discusses these recent developments pertaining to the use of experiential learning in engineering education. Covering a range of innovations in experiential learning, the book explores development in laboratories, in-class and problem-based learning, project work, and society-based aspects, including indigenous elements in the curriculum. It includes case studies and examples sourced from institutions around the world. Focuses on recent and practical aspects of implementing experiential learning to help improve engineering education. Offers an examination of the undergraduate experience, which leads to professional certification. Includes a chapter on lessons in other professional education areas, such as medicine and health care, business, and social work. A broad readership will find value in this book, including faculty who teach undergraduate engineering courses; engineering education researchers; industry partners that provide co-op experience; and developers of training modules for practicing engineers.