This book discusses risk management as it applies to problem-solving for simple, complex and wicked problems faced by policy creators and implementors, project managers and systems engineers in the context of policies, large engineering projects (LEPs), projects and systems. When applying systems thinking to risk management, it can be seen that risk management applies to almost every action taken in daily life. This book: Introduces the systems approach of integrating risk management into policy creation and implementation, project management and systems engineering, such as the risk framework and the Firm Fixed Price (FFP) contract with penalties and bonuses. Introduces a number of out-of-the box concepts building on the application of the systems thinking tools in the system thinker's toolbox. Points out that integrating risk management into policy and project management and systems engineering is just good management and engineering practice. Discusses the flow of risk in a policy from creation through implementation via LEPs and simpler projects, identifying where risks arise and where they should be dealt with. Presents the risks in the relationship between policy creation, implementation, project management and systems engineering. Discusses risks throughout the policy implementation process and shows how the nature of risks changes from political to financial to technological as implementation proceeds. Discusses managing complexity and specifies the minimum number of elements in a system for it to be defined as, and managed as, complex. Points out that in most instances the traditionally ignored major implementation risk is that of poor performance by personnel. Shows how to proactively incorporate prevention into planning in order to prevent risks, as well as how to mitigate them when they occur.

A thorough knowledge of geology is essential in the design and construction of infrastructures for transport, buildings and mining operations; while an understanding of geology is also crucial for those working in urban, territorial and environmental planning and in the prevention and mitigation of geohazards.

Geological Engineering provides an interpretation of the geological setting, integrating geological conditions into engineering design and construction, and provides engineering solutions that take into account both ground conditions and environment.

This textbook, extensively illustrated with working examples and a wealth of graphics, covers the subject area of geological engineering in four sections:

Fundamentals: soil mechanics, rock mechanics and hydrogeology

Methods: site investigations, rock mass characterization and engineering geological mapping

Applications: foundations, slope stability, tunnelling, dams and reservoirs and earth works

Geohazards: landslides, other mass movements, earthquake hazards and prevention and mitigation of geological hazards

As well as being a textbook for graduate and postgraduate students and academics, Geological Engineering serves as a basic reference for practicing engineering geologists and geological and geotechnical engineers, as well as civil and mining engineers dealing with design and construction of foundations, earth works and excavations for infrastructures, buildings, and mining operations.

Table of Contents

PART I. FUNDAMENTALS

Chapter 1 - Introduction to Geological Engineering

1.1 Definition and Importance of Geological Engineering

1.2 The Geological Environment and its Relation with Engineering

1.3 Geological Factors and Geotechnical Problems

1.4 Methods and Applications in Engineering Geology

1.5 Information Sources in Engineering Geology

1.6 How this Book is Structured

Recommended Reading/References

Chapter 2 – Soil Mechanics and Engineering Geology of Sediments

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Soil Description and Classification

2.3 Flow of Water through Soils

2.4 Effective Stress

2.5 Consolidation and Compressibility

2.6 Shear Strength of Soils

2.7 Influence of Mineralogy and Fabric on the Geotechnical Properties of Soils

2.8 Engineering Geology Characteristics of Sediments

2.9 Problematic Soils

Recommended Reading/References

Chapter 3 – ROCK MECHANICS

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Physical and Mechanical Properties of Rocks

3.3 Stress and Strain in Rocks

3.4 Strenght and Deformability of Intact Rock

3.5 Discontinuities

3.6 Strenght and Deformability of Rock Masses

3.7 In situ Stress

3.8 Rock Mass Classifications

Recommended Reading/References

Chapter 4 - HYDROGEOLOGY

4.1 Hydrogeological Behaviour of Soils and Rocks

4.2 Hydrogeological Parameters

4.3 Flow. Darcy's Law and Fundamental Flow Equations in Porous Media

4.4 Evaluation Methods for Hydrogeological Parameters

4.5 Solution Methods

4.6 Chemical Properties of Water

Recommended Reading/References

PART II. METHODS

Chapter 5 – SITE INVESTIGATIONS

5.1 Planning and Design

5.2 Preliminary Investigations

5.3 Engineering Geophysics

5.4 Boreholes, Trial Pits, Trenches and Sampling

5.5 In situ Tests

5.6 Geotechnical Instrumentation

Recommended Reading/References

Chapter 6 - ROCK MASS DESCRIPTION AND CHARACTERISATION

6.1 Methodology

6.2 Description and Zoning

6.3 Intact Rock Characterisation

6.4 Description of Discontinuities

6.5 Rock Mass Parameters

6.6 Rock Mass Classification and Characterisation

Recommended Reading/References

Chapter 7 - ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL MAPPING

7.1 Definition

7.2 Types of Maps

7.3 Mapping Methods

7.4 Data Collection

7.5 Applications

Recommended Reading/References

PART III. APPLICATIONS

Chapter 8 - FOUNDATIONS

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Shallow Foundations

8.3 Deep Foundations

8.4 Foundations in Rock

8.5 Foundations in Complex Geological Conditions

8.6 Site Investigation

Recommended Reading/References

Chapter 9 - SLOPES

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Site Investigations

9.3 Factors Influencing Slope Stability

9.4 Types of Slope Failure

9.5 Stability Analysis

9.6 Stabilization Measures

9.7 Monitoring and Control

9.8 Slope Excavation

Recommended Reading/References

Chapter 10 - TUNNELS

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Site Investigation

10.3 Influence of Geological Conditions

10.4 Geomechanical Design Parameters

10.5 Rock Mass Classifications for Tunneling

10.6 Tunnel Support Design using Rock Mass Classifications

10.7 Excavability

10.8 Tunnel Excavation and Support Methods in Rock

10.9 Tunnel Excavation and Support Methods in Soil

10.10 Geological Engineering during Tunnel Construction

Recommended Reading/References

Chapter 11 - DAMS AND RESERVOIRS

11.1. Introduction

11.2 Types of Dams and Auxiliary Structures

11.3 Site Investigation

11.4 Engineering Geology Criteria for Dam Selection

11.5 Geological Materials for Dam Construction

11.6 Reservoir Water Tightness

11.7 Permeability of Dam Foundations

11.8 Reservoir Slope Stability

11.9 Engineering Geological Conditions for Dam Foundations

11.10 Seismic Actions and Induced Seismicity

Recommended Reading/References

Chapter 12 - EARTH STRUCTURES

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Design Methodology

12.3 Materials

12.4 Implementation and Control

12.5 Embankments on Soft Soils

12.6 Embankments on Slopes

Recommended Reading/References

PART IV. GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS

Chapter 13 - LANDSLIDES AND OTHER MASS MOVEMENTS

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Slope Movements

13.3 Investigation of Landslides

13.4 Corrective Measures

13.5 Collapse and Subsidence

13.6 Prevention of Risks from Mass Movements

Recommended Reading/References

Chapter 14 - SEISMIC HAZARD

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Faults and Earthquakes

14.3 Seismicity Studies

14.4 Seismic Hazard Analysis

14.5 Seismic Site Response

14.6 Ground Effects Induced by Earthquakes

14.7 Applications to Geological Engineering

Recommended Reading/References

Chapter 15 - PREVENTION OF GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS

15.1 Geological Hazards

15.2 Hazard, Risk and Vulnerability

15.3 Safety Criteria in Geological Engineering

15.4 Prevention and Mitigation of Geological Hazards

15.5 Hazard and Risk Maps

Recommended Reading/References

Appendix A: Charts for Circular and Wedge Failure Analysis

Appendix B: Pressure Units Conversion Chart

Appendix C: Symbols and Acronyms

Appendix D: List of Boxes

Appendix E: Permissions to Reproduce Figures and Tables

Index

Freeze Drying of Pharmaceutical Products provides an overview of the most recent and cutting-edge developments and technologies in the field, focusing on formulation developments and process monitoring and considering new technologies for process development. This book contains case studies from freeze dryer manufacturers and pharmaceutical companies for readers in industry and academia. It was contributed to by lyophilization experts to create a detailed analysis of the subject matter, organically presenting recent advancements in freeze-drying research and technology. It discusses formulation design, process optimization and control, new PAT-monitoring tools, multivariate image analysis, process scale-down and development using small-scale freeze-dryers, use of CFD for equipment design, and development of continuous processes. This book is for industry professionals, including chemical engineers and pharmaceutical scientists.

The field of manufacturing science has evolved over the years with the introduction of non-traditional machining processes. This reference book introduces the latest trends in modeling and optimization of manufacturing processes. It comprehensively covers important topics including additive manufacturing at multi-scales, sustainable manufacturing, rapid manufacturing of metallic components using 3D printing, ultrasonic-assisted bone drilling for biomedical applications, micromachining, and laser-assisted machining. This book is useful to senior undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of mechanical engineering, industrial and production engineering, and aerospace engineering.

This book explains how accidents and high potential near-miss incidents are caused, and how to eliminate recurrences by effective accident investigation methods. It shows how to conduct an immediate and root cause analysis so that remedial measures can be taken to prevent a recurrence of similar events. The book shows how to apply the Logical Sequence Accident Investigation Method in the case studies presented. The book: Provides a practical guide to accident causes, investigation and prevention. Explains immediate and root causes in detail. Gives a number of problem-solving methods for the accident investigator to use. Introduces the Logical Sequence Accident Investigation Method. Provides a practical accident investigation evaluation system. The book discusses important topics including hazard identification and risk assessment, workplace health and safety, accident causation and prevention theories, the updated accident domino sequence, as well as safety management system standards and controls. The text is primarily written for professionals and graduate students in the fields of occupational health and safety, ergonomics and human factors engineering.

Presents comprehensive information on advanced technologies in both manufacturing and industrial engineering Focuses on Industry 4.0 based technologies in manufacturing Provides a collection of unique experimental research along with case studies Discusses Micro and Sustainable Manufacturing Technologies Sheds light on advancements for enhancement in productivity, quality, and sustainability

Supervision is a leveraged activity. When we develop the supervisor's skills, we enhance the productivity of the whole workgroup. This book provides valuable skill training for supervisors, team leaders, and managers. It offers techniques to improve reliability that can be accomplished at the supervisor level. It teaches both the science and the art of the supervision of maintenance workers, discusses managing meetings and time, the elements of technical issues, and presents management and people skills, offering maximum productivity and high-quality provision of services and at the same time, improving morale throughout the workforce. This book is suitable for all types of maintenance for organizations with supervisors and managers from plant operations, storeroom, construction, and related areas including industrial organizations, construction companies, mines, fleets, building maintenance, janitorial maintenance contractors, and vocational tech schools teaching maintenance short courses.

The Web of Things (WoT) is a concept that describes approaches, programming tools and software architectural systems, which interface networks of real-world objects with the World Wide Web. The book is organized into 11 chapters, each focusing on a unique wireless technological aspect of the Web of Things, and it aims to comprehensively cover each of its various applications, including: A strong emphasis on WoT problems and solutions, identifying the main open issues, innovations and latest technologies behind WoT A blend of theoretical and simulation-based problems for better understanding of the concepts behind WoT Various exemplifying applications in which the use of WoT is very attractive and an inspiration for future applications The book will be useful to researchers, software developers and undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as practitioners.

Reliability technology plays an important role in the present era of industrial growth, optimal efficiency, and reducing hazards. This book provides insights into current advances and developments in reliability engineering, and the research presented is spread across all branches. It discusses interdisciplinary solutions to complex problems using different approaches to save money, time, and manpower. It presents methodologies of coping with uncertainty in reliability optimization through the usage of various techniques such as soft computing, fuzzy optimization, uncertainty, and maintenance scheduling. Case studies and real-world examples are presented along with applications that can be used in practice. This book will be useful to researchers, academicians, and practitioners working in the area of reliability and systems assurance engineering. Provides current advances and developments across different branches of engineering. Reviews and analyses case studies and real-world examples. Presents applications to be used in practice. Includes numerous examples to illustrate theoretical results.

In today's industrial and complex world, the progress of change is incredible. The amount of information which needs to be analyzed is very large and time has become more and more limited. Industries and firms of all sizes desire to increase productivity and sustainability to keep their competitive edge in the marketplace. One of the best tools for achieving this is the application of Quality Engineering Techniques (QET). This book will introduce the integrated model and the numerical applications for implementing it.

This reference for engineers, and graduate students covers sediment transport and morphodynamics modelling in nearshore environments. It presents the fundamentals required for understanding the physics and for setting up numerical models. This book covers hydrodynamics of estuarine and coastal environments, properties of seafloor and estuarine composition, and hydroenvironmental interactions; emphasising the inter-relations of small- and large-scale processes, and short- and large-evolution timescales. The focus is, principally, on the application of shallow-water theory, but some surface wave models, and coupling of shallow-water models with surface waves is also discussed to some extent. The guidance on running regional models and the case studies presented are directed to managed realignment, coastal protection, climate change impacts, and offshore renewables. Key features: Gives a balanced review of this rich interdisciplinary area Bridges practical engineering and research Offers both large- and small-scale application Suits graduate students and researchers as well as consulting engineers Vanesa Magar is a senior researcher and associate professor at the Centro de Investigacion Cientifica y de Educacion Superior de Ensenada (CICESE) in Baja California, Mexico. She was formerly a researcher and then a lecturer at Plymouth University, UK.

This book provides a new approach to systems architecting not previously available. The book provides a compact innovative procedure for architecting any type of system. Systems Architecting: Methods and Examples describes a method of system architecting that is believed to be a substantial improvement over "methods" previously covered in other systems architecting books. Incorporates analytic procedure (decision analysis) Defines and evaluates alternative architectures Improves upon existing architecting methods Considers cost-effectiveness of alternatives Provides for competitive analysis and its advantages Shows alternatives on one simple and easily understood page With the book's relatively straightforward approach, it shows how to architect systems in a way that both developers and clients/customers can readily understand. It uses one of the essential principles suggested by Rechtin and Maier, namely, Simplify, Simplify, Simplify. Systems engineers as well as students taking systems engineering courses will find this book of interest.

This book explains the application of ergonomics in three different areas of design, namely product, space, and communication. The book is written in layman's language and provides examples so that the reader can easily apply the principles to their designs. This book is easy to understand for those without a background in science and technology. It provides a guide for designers from diverse fields ranging from product design to graphic design and shows how to apply ergonomic principles in products from hand-held products to larger products. It explains the application of anthropometric dimensions, as well as how to design for different spaces ranging from bathrooms to cinema halls. It also focuses on the application of communication ranging from displays to graphic design and discusses the significance of color selection. This book is ideal for all design students, practicing designers in any field, design faculty, entry-level engineering students, and anyone who is interested in exploring the field of ergonomics. Features Specifically written in such a way to make it easily understood for those not educated in the field Shows how to apply the ergonomic principles in design Provides an overview of the topic of ergonomics Written in a storytelling format

The state-of-the-art in fluvial hydrodynamics can be examined only through a careful exploration of the theoretical development and applied engineering technology. The book is primarily focused, since most up-to-date research findings in the field are presented, on the research aspects that involve a comprehensive knowledge of sediment dynamics in turbulent flows. It begins with the fundamentals of hydrodynamics and particle motion followed by turbulence characteristics related to sediment motion. Then, the sediment dynamics is analysed from a classical perspective by applying the mean bed shear approach and additionally incorporating a statistical description for the role of turbulence. The work finally examines the local scour problems at hydraulic structures and scale models. It is intended to design as a course textbook in graduate / research level and a guide for the field engineers as well, keeping up with modern technological developments. Therefore, as a simple prerequisite, the background of the readers should have a basic knowledge in hydraulics in undergraduate level and an understanding of fundamentals of calculus.

The slug test can provide valuable information for hydrogeologic investigations ranging from assessments of sites of groundwater contamination to the monitoring of well deterioration through time. Inappropriate procedures in one or more phases of a test program, however, can introduce considerable error into the resulting parameter estimates. The Design, Performance, and Analysis of Slug Tests, Second Edition remedies that problem by explaining virtually all there is to know regarding the design, performance, and analysis of slug tests. The first edition has become the standard reference for all aspects of slug tests; this revised edition updates the earlier material and expands the topical coverage with new developments that have come to the fore in the intervening years between editions. Features: Describes and demonstrates the eight key steps for the performance and analysis of slug tests Presents new methods for the analysis of tests in unconfined aquifers and in highly permeable settings Expands topical coverage of LNAPL baildown tests and slug tests in small diameter wells Includes numerous flow charts that illustrate easy-to-use strategies for selection of analysis methods, and field examples demonstrate how each method should be used to get the most out of test data Offers straightforward practical guidelines that summarize the major points of each chapter Written for practicing groundwater consultants and engineers, The Design, Performance, and Analysis of Slug Tests, Second Edition will enable readers to get more reliable information from slug tests and increase the utility of this widely-used field method.

This book identifies the key hydrologic and hydraulic factors which influence the performance of stormwater quality treatment systems such as constructed wetlands and bioretention basins. Mathematical relationships derived using conceptual models underpinned by fundamental hydraulic theory are presented to predict treatment performance. The key highlights of the book will include the identification of the linkages between influential hydrologic and hydraulic factors for constructed wetlands and bioretention basins to support more accurate prediction of treatment performance and effective design of these types of stormwater treatment systems. Furthermore, this book will showcase an innovative approach for using conceptual models to analyze stormwater treatment system performance.

This book provides a new approach to systems architecting not previously available. The book provides a compact innovative procedure for architecting any type of system. Systems Architecting: Methods and Examples describes a method of system architecting that is believed to be a substantial improvement over "methods" previously covered in other systems architecting books. Incorporates analytic procedure (decision analysis) Defines and evaluates alternative architectures Improves upon existing architecting methods Considers cost-effectiveness of alternatives Provides for competitive analysis and its advantages Shows alternatives on one simple and easily understood page With the book's relatively straightforward approach, it shows how to architect systems in a way that both developers and clients/customers can readily understand. It uses one of the essential principles suggested by Rechtin and Maier, namely, Simplify, Simplify, Simplify. Systems engineers as well as students taking systems engineering courses will find this book of interest.

Vibration of Hydraulic Machinery deals with the vibration problem which has significant influence on the safety and reliable operation of hydraulic machinery. It provides new achievements and the latest developments in these areas, even in the basic areas of this subject. The present book covers the fundamentals of mechanical vibration and rotordynamics as well as their main numerical models and analysis methods for the vibration prediction. The mechanical and hydraulic excitations to the vibration are analyzed, and the pressure fluctuations induced by the unsteady turbulent flow is predicted in order to obtain the unsteady loads. This book also discusses the loads, constraint conditions and the elastic and damping characters of the mechanical system, the structure dynamic analysis, the rotor dynamic analysis and the system instability of hydraulic machines, including the illustration of monitoring system for the instability and the vibration in hydraulic units. All the problems are necessary for vibration prediction of hydraulic machinery.

One of the leading figures in the age of great engineers, David Stevenson (1815 86) was the son of a lighthouse builder, and while studying at Edinburgh University he was already gaining experience at his father's side. It is for his lighthouses and works of inland navigation that he is best remembered: he designed Britain's most northerly lighthouse and worked on improving navigation on rivers such as the Dee, the Forth and the Clyde. His article on inland navigation for the Encyclopaedia Britannica was published separately in 1858, and was revised and updated for this second edition in 1872. Although Stevenson acknowledges that the age of the canal has been superseded by the age of the railway, he maintains that there is much to learn from the older technology. Illustrated with cross-sections and plans, this work will be of interest to readers seeking to explore the history of Britain's industrial infrastructure.

Stochastic Dynamics of Marine Structures is a text for students and a reference for professionals on the basic theory and methods used for stochastic modelling and analysis of marine structures subjected to environmental loads. The first part of the book provides a detailed introduction to the basic dynamic analysis of structures, serving as a foundation for later chapters on stochastic response analysis. This includes an extensive chapter on the finite element method. A careful introduction to stochastic modelling is provided, which includes such concepts as stochastic process, variance spectrum, random environmental processes, response spectrum, response statistics and short- and long-term extreme value models. The second part of the book offers detailed discussion of limit state design approaches, fatigue design methods, the equations of motion for dynamic structures and numerical solution techniques. The final chapter highlights methods for prediction of extreme values from measured data or data obtained by Monte Carlo simulation.

This study discusses issues of optimal water management in a complex distribution system. The main elements of the water-management system under consideration are retention reservoirs, among which water transfers are possible, and a network of connections between these reservoirs and water treatment plants (WTPs). System operation optimisation involves determining the proper water transport routes and their flow volumes from the
retention reservoirs to the WTPs, and the volumes of possible transfers among the reservoirs, taking into account transport-related delays for inflows, outflows and water transfers in the system. Total system operation costs defined by an assumed quality coefficient should be minimal. An analytical solution of the optimisation task so
formulated has been obtained as a result of using Pontryagin's maximum principle with reference to the quality coefficient assumed. Stable start and end conditions in reservoir state trajectories have been assumed. The researchers have taken into account cases of steady and transient optimisation duration. The solutions obtained
have enabled the creation of computer models simulating system operation. In future, an analysis of the results obtained may affect decisions supporting the control of currently existing water-management systems.

It is clear that hydraulic research is developing beyond traditional civil engineering to satisfy increasing demands in natural hazards assessment and also environmental research. Our ability to describe processes in nature rests on the observation and experimental methods as well as on theoretical basics of various disciplines. Under such conditions experimental methods draw from various areas of human activities and research, i.e. from physics, biology, chemistry, aerospace research, oceanic research etc. The current volume is the result of a meeting that took place during the 30th International School of Hydraulics in Poland and presents both the state-of-the-art and ongoing research projects in which experimental methods play a key role. Authors from numerous leading laboratories and from various countries guarantee a representative sample of different studies at the frontier of the field"

The French diplomat and engineer Ferdinand de Lesseps (1805 1894) was instrumental in the successful completion of the Suez Canal, which reduced by 3000 miles the distance by sea between Bombay and London. This two-volume memoir, written towards the end of his life and dedicated to his children, was published in this English translation in 1887. In it, de Lesseps describes his experiences in Europe and North Africa. He includes reflections on European and colonial history and politics, a chapter on steam power, and a report on the 1879 Paris conference that led to a controversial and abortive early attempt to build the Panama Canal. Volume 1 focuses on de Lesseps' diplomatic missions to Rome and Madrid in the late 1840s during a period of political and social unrest in Italy, Spain and France, and the early stages of the Suez canal project.

The French diplomat and engineer Ferdinand de Lesseps (1805 1894) was instrumental in the successful completion of the Suez Canal, which reduced by 3000 miles the distance by sea between Bombay and London. This two-volume memoir, written towards the end of his life and dedicated to his children, was published in this English translation in 1887. In it, de Lesseps describes his experiences in Europe and North Africa. He includes reflections on European and colonial history and politics, an essay on steam power, and a report on the 1879 Paris conference that led to a controversial and abortive early attempt by a French company to build the Panama Canal. Volume 2 focuses on the Suez project, quoting extensively from de Lesseps' correspondence, and also contains facts and figures relating to the 'interoceanic canal', political essays, and the speeches for his inauguration into the Acad mie fran aise.