This book is an illustrative introduction to metamorphic rocks as seen in the field, designed for advanced high school to graduate-level earth science and geology students to jump-start their observational skills. In addition to photographs of rocks in the field, there are numerous line diagrams and examples of metamorphic features shown in thin section. The thin section photos are all at a scale and in a context that can be related to views seen in the field through a hand lens.

Table of Contents

Preface

About the author

Acknowledgements

A matter of scale

1 Introduction

The basics

Pressure, temperature, and metamorphic grade

Movement of rocks through P-T space

Preserving the prograde assemblage

Metamorphic field gradient

Rock strain: foliation and lineation

Chemical flux

Recrystallization

Summary and introduction to the following chapters

Part 1: Metamorphic rock types

2 Pelitic rocks

3 Quartzites

4 Marbles

5 Calc-silicate rocks

6 Mixed sedimentary rocks

7 Conglomerates and breccias

8 Gneisses

9 Basaltic rocks, low and intermediate pressure

10 Blueschists

11 Eclogites

12 Ultramafic rocks

13 Contact metamorphic rocks

14 Rocks in fault zones

Part 2: Metamorphic features

15 Foliation, cleavage, lineation

16 Folds

17 Porphyroblasts, porphyroclasts, and augen

18 Boudins

19 Veins and hydrothermal alteration

20 Metasomatism

21 Partial melting and migmatites

22 Retrograde metamorphism

Part 3: Relict pre-metamorphic features

23 Relict sedimentary features

24 Fossils in metamorphic rocks

25 Relict igneous features

References

Glossary of terms, rock types, and minerals

Glossary of terms

Glossary of rock types

Glossary of minerals

Index

Freeze Drying of Pharmaceutical Products provides an overview of the most recent and cutting-edge developments and technologies in the field, focusing on formulation developments and process monitoring and considering new technologies for process development. This book contains case studies from freeze dryer manufacturers and pharmaceutical companies for readers in industry and academia. It was contributed to by lyophilization experts to create a detailed analysis of the subject matter, organically presenting recent advancements in freeze-drying research and technology. It discusses formulation design, process optimization and control, new PAT-monitoring tools, multivariate image analysis, process scale-down and development using small-scale freeze-dryers, use of CFD for equipment design, and development of continuous processes. This book is for industry professionals, including chemical engineers and pharmaceutical scientists.

The field of manufacturing science has evolved over the years with the introduction of non-traditional machining processes. This reference book introduces the latest trends in modeling and optimization of manufacturing processes. It comprehensively covers important topics including additive manufacturing at multi-scales, sustainable manufacturing, rapid manufacturing of metallic components using 3D printing, ultrasonic-assisted bone drilling for biomedical applications, micromachining, and laser-assisted machining. This book is useful to senior undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of mechanical engineering, industrial and production engineering, and aerospace engineering.

This book explains how accidents and high potential near-miss incidents are caused, and how to eliminate recurrences by effective accident investigation methods. It shows how to conduct an immediate and root cause analysis so that remedial measures can be taken to prevent a recurrence of similar events. The book shows how to apply the Logical Sequence Accident Investigation Method in the case studies presented. The book: Provides a practical guide to accident causes, investigation and prevention. Explains immediate and root causes in detail. Gives a number of problem-solving methods for the accident investigator to use. Introduces the Logical Sequence Accident Investigation Method. Provides a practical accident investigation evaluation system. The book discusses important topics including hazard identification and risk assessment, workplace health and safety, accident causation and prevention theories, the updated accident domino sequence, as well as safety management system standards and controls. The text is primarily written for professionals and graduate students in the fields of occupational health and safety, ergonomics and human factors engineering.

Presents comprehensive information on advanced technologies in both manufacturing and industrial engineering Focuses on Industry 4.0 based technologies in manufacturing Provides a collection of unique experimental research along with case studies Discusses Micro and Sustainable Manufacturing Technologies Sheds light on advancements for enhancement in productivity, quality, and sustainability

Supervision is a leveraged activity. When we develop the supervisor's skills, we enhance the productivity of the whole workgroup. This book provides valuable skill training for supervisors, team leaders, and managers. It offers techniques to improve reliability that can be accomplished at the supervisor level. It teaches both the science and the art of the supervision of maintenance workers, discusses managing meetings and time, the elements of technical issues, and presents management and people skills, offering maximum productivity and high-quality provision of services and at the same time, improving morale throughout the workforce. This book is suitable for all types of maintenance for organizations with supervisors and managers from plant operations, storeroom, construction, and related areas including industrial organizations, construction companies, mines, fleets, building maintenance, janitorial maintenance contractors, and vocational tech schools teaching maintenance short courses.

This book presents an in-depth guide to the subject matter and main points of hydrostructural pedology, as theorized for the first time. The authors focus on the underlying concepts, the purpose and role this field plays within agroenvironmental sciences. It is divided into two parts: Part 1 presents the theory behind hydrostructural pedology. The systemic approach applied to the soil is presented, showing how this leads to the thermodynamic formulation of water in the soil's organized medium and to the systemic modeling of soil-water-coupling in natural or anthropic organizations. Part 2 presents the methodology to complement the first part. In it, the authors determine the hydrostructural characteristics of the pedostructure, characteristic parameters of equilibrium state equations and the hydrostructural functioning of the soil.

This book discusses risk management as it applies to problem-solving for simple, complex and wicked problems faced by policy creators and implementors, project managers and systems engineers in the context of policies, large engineering projects (LEPs), projects and systems. When applying systems thinking to risk management, it can be seen that risk management applies to almost every action taken in daily life. This book: Introduces the systems approach of integrating risk management into policy creation and implementation, project management and systems engineering, such as the risk framework and the Firm Fixed Price (FFP) contract with penalties and bonuses. Introduces a number of out-of-the box concepts building on the application of the systems thinking tools in the system thinker's toolbox. Points out that integrating risk management into policy and project management and systems engineering is just good management and engineering practice. Discusses the flow of risk in a policy from creation through implementation via LEPs and simpler projects, identifying where risks arise and where they should be dealt with. Presents the risks in the relationship between policy creation, implementation, project management and systems engineering. Discusses risks throughout the policy implementation process and shows how the nature of risks changes from political to financial to technological as implementation proceeds. Discusses managing complexity and specifies the minimum number of elements in a system for it to be defined as, and managed as, complex. Points out that in most instances the traditionally ignored major implementation risk is that of poor performance by personnel. Shows how to proactively incorporate prevention into planning in order to prevent risks, as well as how to mitigate them when they occur.

The Web of Things (WoT) is a concept that describes approaches, programming tools and software architectural systems, which interface networks of real-world objects with the World Wide Web. The book is organized into 11 chapters, each focusing on a unique wireless technological aspect of the Web of Things, and it aims to comprehensively cover each of its various applications, including: A strong emphasis on WoT problems and solutions, identifying the main open issues, innovations and latest technologies behind WoT A blend of theoretical and simulation-based problems for better understanding of the concepts behind WoT Various exemplifying applications in which the use of WoT is very attractive and an inspiration for future applications The book will be useful to researchers, software developers and undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as practitioners.

In today's industrial and complex world, the progress of change is incredible. The amount of information which needs to be analyzed is very large and time has become more and more limited. Industries and firms of all sizes desire to increase productivity and sustainability to keep their competitive edge in the marketplace. One of the best tools for achieving this is the application of Quality Engineering Techniques (QET). This book will introduce the integrated model and the numerical applications for implementing it.

Reliability technology plays an important role in the present era of industrial growth, optimal efficiency, and reducing hazards. This book provides insights into current advances and developments in reliability engineering, and the research presented is spread across all branches. It discusses interdisciplinary solutions to complex problems using different approaches to save money, time, and manpower. It presents methodologies of coping with uncertainty in reliability optimization through the usage of various techniques such as soft computing, fuzzy optimization, uncertainty, and maintenance scheduling. Case studies and real-world examples are presented along with applications that can be used in practice. This book will be useful to researchers, academicians, and practitioners working in the area of reliability and systems assurance engineering. Provides current advances and developments across different branches of engineering. Reviews and analyses case studies and real-world examples. Presents applications to be used in practice. Includes numerous examples to illustrate theoretical results.

In today's hyper-competitive, global marketplace, a manufacturing company needs a competitive edge if it is to survive and grow. That edge could be anything from superior manufacturing technology to innovative product design; from patent protection to solid, well-established customer relationships. One competitive edge available to all manufacturers, but realized by only a few, is the ability to accurately measure, control, and optimize costs throughout a product's entire life cycle. The lack of a methodology to engineer cost optimization into every product makes attaining and maintaining profitability all that the more difficult. Cost Engineering provides a means for a manufacturer to achieve and sustain profitability by designing and manufacturing products to specific cost requirements. It incorporates a variety of proven methodologies including cost estimating, cost control, and cost optimization. Features: Describes the components and organization of an effective cost optimization process Provides detailed explanations of cost estimating techniques for many of the most common manufacturing processes Explains the selection and use of appropriate cost allocation methods Presents the fundamentals of cost-based negotiation Includes both proper and improper executions of cost engineering principles The details presented in this book are important to design engineers, manufacturing engineers, buyers, accountants, cost estimators, cost optimization specialists, and their managers and provides CEOs, COOs, general managers, product line managers, and plant managers with guidance on improving and sustaining profitability. .

This reference for engineers, and graduate students covers sediment transport and morphodynamics modelling in nearshore environments. It presents the fundamentals required for understanding the physics and for setting up numerical models. This book covers hydrodynamics of estuarine and coastal environments, properties of seafloor and estuarine composition, and hydroenvironmental interactions; emphasising the inter-relations of small- and large-scale processes, and short- and large-evolution timescales. The focus is, principally, on the application of shallow-water theory, but some surface wave models, and coupling of shallow-water models with surface waves is also discussed to some extent. The guidance on running regional models and the case studies presented are directed to managed realignment, coastal protection, climate change impacts, and offshore renewables. Key features: Gives a balanced review of this rich interdisciplinary area Bridges practical engineering and research Offers both large- and small-scale application Suits graduate students and researchers as well as consulting engineers Vanesa Magar is a senior researcher and associate professor at the Centro de Investigacion Cientifica y de Educacion Superior de Ensenada (CICESE) in Baja California, Mexico. She was formerly a researcher and then a lecturer at Plymouth University, UK.

This book deals with the central question of how human factors and ergonomics (HFE) might contribute to solutions for the more sustainable development of our world. The contents of the book are highly compatible with the recent political agenda for sustainable development as well as with sustainability research from other disciplines.The book aims to summarize and profile the various empirical and theoretical work arising from the field of "Human Factors and Sustainable Development" in the last decade. The book gives a systematic overview of relevant theoretical concepts, their underlying philosophies, as well as global application fields and case studies.

For over forty years, Materials for Engineers and Technicians has given thousands of students an easily accessible introduction to materials engineering and manufacturing processes. This renowned text is a comprehensive overview of the wide-ranging subject area, written in a straightforward, readable style. It is devoid of excessive jargon and mathematical complexity, and retains a practical down-to-earth approach. This expanded edition references specifications for materials and materials testing that have been updated to include European-wide standards of the EU. More applications of materials and case studies have been included. New content discusses the choice of materials and processes in relation to 3D printing and the importance of materials recycling and sustainability. The increased emphasis on the selection of materials reflects this aspect of materials engineering now seen within current vocational and university courses. In addition to meeting the requirements of vocational and undergraduate engineering syllabuses, this text also serves as a valuable desktop reference for professional engineers working in product design who require a quick source of information on materials and manufacturing processes.

This book provides a new approach to systems architecting not previously available. The book provides a compact innovative procedure for architecting any type of system. Systems Architecting: Methods and Examples describes a method of system architecting that is believed to be a substantial improvement over "methods" previously covered in other systems architecting books. Incorporates analytic procedure (decision analysis) Defines and evaluates alternative architectures Improves upon existing architecting methods Considers cost-effectiveness of alternatives Provides for competitive analysis and its advantages Shows alternatives on one simple and easily understood page With the book's relatively straightforward approach, it shows how to architect systems in a way that both developers and clients/customers can readily understand. It uses one of the essential principles suggested by Rechtin and Maier, namely, Simplify, Simplify, Simplify. Systems engineers as well as students taking systems engineering courses will find this book of interest.

This book explains the application of ergonomics in three different areas of design, namely product, space, and communication. The book is written in layman's language and provides examples so that the reader can easily apply the principles to their designs. This book is easy to understand for those without a background in science and technology. It provides a guide for designers from diverse fields ranging from product design to graphic design and shows how to apply ergonomic principles in products from hand-held products to larger products. It explains the application of anthropometric dimensions, as well as how to design for different spaces ranging from bathrooms to cinema halls. It also focuses on the application of communication ranging from displays to graphic design and discusses the significance of color selection. This book is ideal for all design students, practicing designers in any field, design faculty, entry-level engineering students, and anyone who is interested in exploring the field of ergonomics. Features Specifically written in such a way to make it easily understood for those not educated in the field Shows how to apply the ergonomic principles in design Provides an overview of the topic of ergonomics Written in a storytelling format

The state-of-the-art in fluvial hydrodynamics can be examined only through a careful exploration of the theoretical development and applied engineering technology. The book is primarily focused, since most up-to-date research findings in the field are presented, on the research aspects that involve a comprehensive knowledge of sediment dynamics in turbulent flows. It begins with the fundamentals of hydrodynamics and particle motion followed by turbulence characteristics related to sediment motion. Then, the sediment dynamics is analysed from a classical perspective by applying the mean bed shear approach and additionally incorporating a statistical description for the role of turbulence. The work finally examines the local scour problems at hydraulic structures and scale models. It is intended to design as a course textbook in graduate / research level and a guide for the field engineers as well, keeping up with modern technological developments. Therefore, as a simple prerequisite, the background of the readers should have a basic knowledge in hydraulics in undergraduate level and an understanding of fundamentals of calculus.

The slug test can provide valuable information for hydrogeologic investigations ranging from assessments of sites of groundwater contamination to the monitoring of well deterioration through time. Inappropriate procedures in one or more phases of a test program, however, can introduce considerable error into the resulting parameter estimates. The Design, Performance, and Analysis of Slug Tests, Second Edition remedies that problem by explaining virtually all there is to know regarding the design, performance, and analysis of slug tests. The first edition has become the standard reference for all aspects of slug tests; this revised edition updates the earlier material and expands the topical coverage with new developments that have come to the fore in the intervening years between editions. Features: Describes and demonstrates the eight key steps for the performance and analysis of slug tests Presents new methods for the analysis of tests in unconfined aquifers and in highly permeable settings Expands topical coverage of LNAPL baildown tests and slug tests in small diameter wells Includes numerous flow charts that illustrate easy-to-use strategies for selection of analysis methods, and field examples demonstrate how each method should be used to get the most out of test data Offers straightforward practical guidelines that summarize the major points of each chapter Written for practicing groundwater consultants and engineers, The Design, Performance, and Analysis of Slug Tests, Second Edition will enable readers to get more reliable information from slug tests and increase the utility of this widely-used field method.

This book identifies the key hydrologic and hydraulic factors which influence the performance of stormwater quality treatment systems such as constructed wetlands and bioretention basins. Mathematical relationships derived using conceptual models underpinned by fundamental hydraulic theory are presented to predict treatment performance. The key highlights of the book will include the identification of the linkages between influential hydrologic and hydraulic factors for constructed wetlands and bioretention basins to support more accurate prediction of treatment performance and effective design of these types of stormwater treatment systems. Furthermore, this book will showcase an innovative approach for using conceptual models to analyze stormwater treatment system performance.

This book provides a new approach to systems architecting not previously available. The book provides a compact innovative procedure for architecting any type of system. Systems Architecting: Methods and Examples describes a method of system architecting that is believed to be a substantial improvement over "methods" previously covered in other systems architecting books. Incorporates analytic procedure (decision analysis) Defines and evaluates alternative architectures Improves upon existing architecting methods Considers cost-effectiveness of alternatives Provides for competitive analysis and its advantages Shows alternatives on one simple and easily understood page With the book's relatively straightforward approach, it shows how to architect systems in a way that both developers and clients/customers can readily understand. It uses one of the essential principles suggested by Rechtin and Maier, namely, Simplify, Simplify, Simplify. Systems engineers as well as students taking systems engineering courses will find this book of interest.

Vibration of Hydraulic Machinery deals with the vibration problem which has significant influence on the safety and reliable operation of hydraulic machinery. It provides new achievements and the latest developments in these areas, even in the basic areas of this subject. The present book covers the fundamentals of mechanical vibration and rotordynamics as well as their main numerical models and analysis methods for the vibration prediction. The mechanical and hydraulic excitations to the vibration are analyzed, and the pressure fluctuations induced by the unsteady turbulent flow is predicted in order to obtain the unsteady loads. This book also discusses the loads, constraint conditions and the elastic and damping characters of the mechanical system, the structure dynamic analysis, the rotor dynamic analysis and the system instability of hydraulic machines, including the illustration of monitoring system for the instability and the vibration in hydraulic units. All the problems are necessary for vibration prediction of hydraulic machinery.

One of the leading figures in the age of great engineers, David Stevenson (1815 86) was the son of a lighthouse builder, and while studying at Edinburgh University he was already gaining experience at his father's side. It is for his lighthouses and works of inland navigation that he is best remembered: he designed Britain's most northerly lighthouse and worked on improving navigation on rivers such as the Dee, the Forth and the Clyde. His article on inland navigation for the Encyclopaedia Britannica was published separately in 1858, and was revised and updated for this second edition in 1872. Although Stevenson acknowledges that the age of the canal has been superseded by the age of the railway, he maintains that there is much to learn from the older technology. Illustrated with cross-sections and plans, this work will be of interest to readers seeking to explore the history of Britain's industrial infrastructure.

It is clear that hydraulic research is developing beyond traditional civil engineering to satisfy increasing demands in natural hazards assessment and also environmental research. Our ability to describe processes in nature rests on the observation and experimental methods as well as on theoretical basics of various disciplines. Under such conditions experimental methods draw from various areas of human activities and research, i.e. from physics, biology, chemistry, aerospace research, oceanic research etc. The current volume is the result of a meeting that took place during the 30th International School of Hydraulics in Poland and presents both the state-of-the-art and ongoing research projects in which experimental methods play a key role. Authors from numerous leading laboratories and from various countries guarantee a representative sample of different studies at the frontier of the field"