A genuinely useful text that gives an overview of the state-of-the-art in system-level design trade-off explorations for concurrent tasks running on embedded heterogeneous multiple processors. The targeted application domain covers complex embedded real-time multi-media and communication applications. This material is mainly based on research at IMEC and its international university network partners in this area over the last decade. In all, the material those in the digital signal processing industry will find here is bang up-to-date.

The memory system is increasingly turning into a bottleneck in the design of embedded systems. The speed improvements of memory systems are lower than the speed improvements of processors, eventually leading to embedded systems whose performance is limited by the memory. This problem is known as the "memory wall" problem. Furthermore, memory systems may consume the largest share of the system s energy budget and may be the source of unpredictable timing behaviour. Hence, the design of the memory system deserves an increasing amount of attention.

Fast, Efficient and Predictable Memory Accesses presents techniques for designing fast, energy-efficient and timing predictable memory systems. By using a careful combination of compiler optimizations and architectural improvements, we can achieve more than what would be feasible at one of the levels in isolation. The described optimization algorithms achieve the goals of high performance and low energy consumption. In addition to these benefits, the use of scratchpad memories significantly improves the timing predictability of the entire system, leading to tighter worst case execution time bounds (WCET). The WCET is a relevant design parameter for all timing critical systems. In addition, the book covers algorithms to exploit the power down modes of main memories in SDRAM technology, as well as the execute-in-place feature of Flash memories. The final chapter considers the impact of the register file, which is also part of the memory hierarchy."

This book contains papers presented at the fifth and sixth Teraflop Workshop. It presents the state-of-the-art in high performance computing and simulation on modern supercomputer architectures. It covers trends in hardware and software development in general and specifically the future of vector-based systems and heterogeneous architectures. It covers computational fluid dynamics, fluid-structure interaction, physics, chemistry, astrophysics, and climate research.

This is the first book dedicated to direct continuous-time model identification for 15 years. It cuts down on time spent hunting through journals by providing an overview of much recent research in an increasingly busy field. The CONTSID toolbox discussed in the final chapter gives an overview of developments and practical examples in which MATLAB(r) can be used for direct time-domain identification of continuous-time systems. This is a valuable reference for a broad audience.

Automatic transformation of a sequential program into a parallel form is a subject that presents a great intellectual challenge and promises a great practical award. There is a tremendous investment in existing sequential programs, and scientists and engineers continue to write their application programs in sequential languages (primarily in Fortran). The demand for higher speedups increases. The job of a restructuring compiler is to discover the dependence structure and the characteristics of the given machine. Much attention has been focused on the Fortran do loop. This is where one expects to find major chunks of computation that need to be performed repeatedly for different values of the index variable. Many loop transformations have been designed over the years, and several of them can be found in any parallelizing compiler currently in use in industry or at a university research facility. The book series on KappaLoop Transformations for Restructuring Compilerskappa provides a rigorous theory of loop transformations and dependence analysis. We want to develop the transformations in a consistent mathematical framework using objects like directed graphs, matrices, and linear equations. Then, the algorithms that implement the transformations can be precisely described in terms of certain abstract mathematical algorithms. The first volume, Loop Transformations for Restructuring Compilers: The Foundations, provided the general mathematical background needed for loop transformations (including those basic mathematical algorithms), discussed data dependence, and introduced the major transformations. The current volume, Loop Parallelization, builds a detailed theory of iteration-level loop transformations based on the material developed in the previous book.

The military, the research community, emergency services, and industrial environments all rely on ad hoc mobile wireless networks because of their simple infrastructure and minimal central administration. Now in its second edition, Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks: Principles, Protocols, and Applications explains the concepts, mechanism, design, and performance of these highly valued systems.

Following an overview of wireless network fundamentals, the book explores MAC layer, routing, multicast, and transport layer protocols for ad hoc mobile wireless networks. Next, it examines quality of service and energy management systems. Additional chapters cover mobility models for multi-hop ad hoc wireless networks as well as cross-layer design issues.

Exploring Bluetooth, IrDA (Infrared Data Association), HomeRF, WiFi, WiMax, Wireless Internet, and Mobile IP, the book contains appropriate examples and problems at the end of each chapter to illustrate each concept. This second edition has been completely updated with the latest technology and includes a new chapter on recent developments in the field, including sensor networks, personal area networks (PANs), smart dress, and vehicular ad hoc networks.

Self-organized, self-configured, and self-controlled, ad hoc mobile wireless networks will continue to be valued for a range of applications, as they can be set up and deployed anywhere and anytime. This volume captures the current state of the field as well as upcoming challenges awaiting researchers.

"Introduction to Embedded System Design Using Field Programmable Gate Arrays" provides a starting point for the use of field programmable gate arrays in the design of embedded systems. The text considers a hypothetical robot controller as an embedded application and weaves around it related concepts of FPGA-based digital design. The book details: use of FPGA vis-a-vis general purpose processor and microcontroller; design using Verilog hardware description language; digital design synthesis using Verilog and Xilinx(r) SpartanTM 3 FPGA; FPGA-based embedded processors and peripherals; overview of serial data communications and signal conditioning using FPGA; FPGA-based motor drive controllers; and prototyping digital systems using FPGA.

The book is a good introductory text for FPGA-based design for both students and digital systems designers. Its end-of-chapter exercises and frequent use of example can be used for teaching or for self-study."

In the world of information technology, it is no longer the computer in the classical sense where the majority of IT applications is executed; computing is everywhere. More than 20 billion processors have already been fabricated and the majority of them can be assumed to still be operational. At the same time, virtually every PC worldwide is connected via the Internet. This combination of traditional and embedded computing creates an artifact of a complexity, heterogeneity, and volatility unmanageable by classical means. Each of our technical artifacts with a built-in processor can be seen as a ''Thing that Thinks," a term introduced by MIT's Thinglab. It can be expected that in the near future these billions of Things that Think will become an ''Internet of Things," a term originating from ETH Zurich. This means that we will be constantly surrounded by a virtual "organism" of Things that Think. This organism needs novel, adequate design, evolution, and management means which is also one of the core challenges addressed by the recent German priority research program on Organic Computing.

Details RISC design principles as well as explains the differences between this and other designs. Helps readers acquire hands-on assembly language programming experience

Grids are a crucial enabling technology for scientific and industrial development. Peer-to-peer computing, grid, distributed storage technologies, emerging web service technologies, and other types of networked distributed computing have provided new paradigms exploiting distributed resources. Grids are revolutionizing computing as profoundly as e-mail and the Web. From Grids to Service and Pervasive Computing, the 10th edited volume of the CoreGRID series, is based on the 2008 CoreGRID Symposium, held August 25-26 in the Canary Islands, Spain. The CoreGRID Symposium is organized jointly with the Euro-Par 2008 conference. The aim of this symposium is to strengthen and advance scientific and technological excellence in the area of grid and peer-to-peer computing. This volume is designed for a professional audience composed of researchers and practitioners within the grid and peer-to-peer computing industry. This volume is also suitable for advanced-level students in computer science.

Here is an extremely useful book that provides insight into a number of different flavors of processor architectures and their design, software tool generation, implementation, and verification. After a brief introduction to processor architectures and how processor designers have sometimes failed to deliver what was expected, the authors introduce a generic flow for embedded on-chip processor design and start to explore the vast design space of on-chip processing. The authors cover a number of different types of processor core.

DAPSYS (International Conference on Distributed and Parallel Systems) is an international biannual conference series dedicated to all aspects of distributed and parallel computing. DAPSYS 2008, the 7th International Conference on Distributed and Parallel Systems was held in September 2008 in Hungary. Distributed and Parallel Systems: Desktop Grid Computing, based on DAPSYS 2008, presents original research, novel concepts and methods, and outstanding results. Contributors investigate parallel and distributed techniques, algorithms, models and applications; present innovative software tools, environments and middleware; focus on various aspects of grid computing; and introduce novel methods for development, deployment, testing and evaluation. This volume features a special focus on desktop grid computing as well. Designed for a professional audience composed of practitioners and researchers in industry, this book is also suitable for advanced-level students in computer science.

"This book fills a void. Most books address only portions of the embedded problem. As the title indicates, this one is uniquely comprehensive. I consider it a must-read"

--Review of the 1st Edition. Jack Ganssle, embedded author, lecturer, consultant. Embedded Systems Architecture is a practical and technical guide to understanding the components that make up an embedded system s architecture. This book is perfect for those starting out as technical professionals such as engineers, programmers and designers of embedded systems; and also for students of computer science, computer engineering and electrical engineering. It gives a much-needed big picture for recently graduated engineers grappling with understanding the design of real-world systems for the first time, and provides professionals with a systems-level picture of the key elements that can go into an embedded design, providing a firm foundation on which to build their skills.

* Real-world approach to the fundamentals, as well as the design and architecture process, makes this book a popular reference for the daunted or the inexperienced: if in doubt, the answer is in here

* Fully updated with new coverage of FPGAs, testing, middleware and the latest programming techniques in C, plus complete source code and sample code, reference designs and tools online make this the complete package

* Visit the companion web site at http: //booksite.elsevier.com/9780123821966/ for source code, design examples, data sheets and more.

A true introductory book, provides a comprehensive get up and running reference for those new to the field, and updating skills: assumes no prior knowledge beyond undergrad level electrical engineering.
Addresses the needs of practicing engineers, enabling it to get to the point more directly, and cover more ground. Covers hardware, software and middleware in a single volume.
Includes a library of design examples and design tools, plus a complete set of source code and embedded systems design tutorial materials from companion website.
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A set of original results in the ?eld of high-level design of logical control devices and systems is presented in this book. These concern different aspects of such important and long-term design problems, including the following, which seem to be the main ones. First, the behavior of a device under design must be described properly, and some adequate formal language should be chosen for that. Second, effective algorithmsshouldbeusedforcheckingtheprepareddescriptionforcorrectness, foritssyntacticandsemanticveri?cationattheinitialbehaviorlevel.Third, the problem of logic circuit implementation must be solved using some concrete technological base; ef?cient methods of logic synthesis, test, and veri?cation should be developed for that. Fourth, the task of the communication between the control device and controlled objects (and maybe between different control devices)waitsforitssolution.Alltheseproblemsarehardenoughandcannotbe successfully solved without ef?cient methods and algorithms oriented toward computer implementation. Some of these are described in this book. The languages used for behavior description have been descended usually from two well-known abstract models which became classic: Petri nets and ?nite state machines (FSMs). Anyhow, more detailed versions are developed and described in the book, which enable to give more complete information concerningspeci?cqualitiesoftheregardedsystems.Forexample, themodelof parallelautomatonispresented, whichunliketheconventional?niteautomaton can be placed simultaneously into several places, calledpartial. As a base for circuit implementation of control algorithms, FPGA is accepted in majority of cas

How do you design personalized user experiences that delight and provide value to the customers of an eCommerce site? Personalization does not guarantee high quality user experience: a personalized user experience has the best chance of success if it is developed using a set of best practices in HCI. In this book 35 experts from academia, industry and government focus on issues in the design of personalized web sites. The topics range from the design and evaluation of user interfaces and tools to information architecture and computer programming related to commercial web sites. The book covers four main areas:
-Theoretical, Conceptual, and Architectural Frameworks of Personalization,
-Research on the Design and Evaluation of Personalized User Experiences in Different Domains,
-Approaches to personalization Through Recommender Systems,
-Lessons Learned and Future Research Questions. This book will be a valuable tool in helping the reader to understand the range of factors to take into consideration in designing and building a personalized user experience. The authors of each of the chapters identify possibilities and alert the reader to issues that can be addressed in the beginning of a project by taking a 'big picture' view of designing personalized user interfaces. For anyone working or studying in the field of HCI, information architecture or eCommerce, this book will provide a solid foundation of knowledge and prepare for the challenges ahead.

This book presents the most recent concerns and research results in industrial fault diagnosis using intelligent techniques. It focuses on computational intelligence applications to fault diagnosis with real-world applications used in different chapters to validate the different diagnosis methods. The book includes one chapter dealing with a novel coherent fault diagnosis distributed methodology for complex systems.

Integrating formal property verification (FPV) into an existing design process raises several interesting questions. Have I written enough properties? Have I written a consistent set of properties? What should I do when the FPV tool runs into capacity issues? This book develops the answers to these questions and fits them into a roadmap for formal property verification a roadmap that shows how to glue FPV technology into the traditional validation flow. A Roadmap for Formal Property Verification explores the key issues in this powerful technology through simple examples you do not need any background on formal methods to read most parts of this book.

"

Fundamental Problems in Computing is in honor of Professor Daniel J. Rosenkrantz, a distinguished researcher in Computer Science. Professor Rosenkrantz has made seminal contributions to many subareas of Computer Science including formal languages and compilers, automata theory, algorithms, database systems, very large scale integrated systems, fault-tolerant computing and discrete dynamical systems. For many years, Professor Rosenkrantz served as the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery (JACM), a very prestigious archival journal in Computer Science. His contributions to Computer Science have earned him many awards including the Fellowship from ACM and the ACM SIGMOD Contributions Award.

This is the official Open Group Pocket Guide for TOGAF Version 9.1 and is published in hard copy and electronic format by Van Haren Publishing on behalf of The Open Group. TOGAF(R), an Open Group Standard, is a proven enterprise architecture methodology and framework used by the world's leading organizations to improve business efficiency. It is the most prominent and reliable enterprise architecture standard, ensuring consistent standards, methods, and communication among enterprise architecture professionals. Enterprise architecture professionals fluent in TOGAF standards enjoy greater industry credibility, job effectiveness, and career opportunities. TOGAF helps practitioners avoid being locked into proprietary methods, utilize resources more efficiently and effectively, and realize a greater return on investment.

This volume contains the collected papers of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on neurocomputing held in Les Arcs in February 1989. Various fields in neurocomputing are covered, including: - new or improved neural network algorithms: product units, recurrent multilayer networks, Boltzmann machines, Kohonen maps, growth algorithms; - topics in neural architectures: VLSI circuits, VLSI neurons, dedicated processors; - applications in speech processing: coding, link with hidden Markov Models (HMM), recognition, compression; - applications in image processing: recognition of digits, wind maps, mammographic images, compression; - models in neurobiology: cortical columns, posture, movement coordination. The book can be read at various levels. Newcomers will find in it a useful introduction to the field through the major papers, by leading scientists, and the collected bibliography at the end of the volume. Specialists will learn about some of the more advanced applications, architectures, chip designs and new algorithms. The book will interest all neural network scientists who wish to know what is happening in Europe.

This book presents as formal papers nearly all of the lectures given at the NATO advanced summer institute on Computer Architecture held at St. Raphael, France from September 12th - 24th 1976. It was not possible to include an important paper by G. Amdahl on the 470V6 System, nor papers by Mde. A. Recoque on distributed processing, Messrs. A. Maison and G. Debruyne on LSI technology, and K. Bowden. Computer architecture is a very diverse and expanding subject, consequently it was decided to limit the scope of the School to five main subject areas. These were: specific computer architectures, language orientated machines, associative processing, computer networks and specification and design methods. In addition an overall emphasis was placed on distributed and parallel processing and the need for an integrated hardware-software approach to design. Though some introductory material is included, this book is primarily intended for workers in the field of computer science and engineering who wish to update themselves on current topics in computer architecture. The main work of the School is well reflected in the collected papers, but it is impossible to convey the benefits obtained from the discussion groups and the continuous dialogue that was maintained throughout the School. The Editors would like to acknowledge with thanks the support of the NATO Scientific Affairs Division, who financed the School, and the European Research Office of the U.S. Army and the National Science Foundation for providing travel grants.

This volume contains the papers presented at the Fifth International Workshop on Database Machines. The papers cover a wide spectrum of topics on Database Machines and Knowledge Base Machines. Reports of major projects, ECRC, MCC, and ICOT are included. Topics on DBM cover new database machine architectures based on vector processing and hypercube parallel processing, VLSI oriented architecture, filter processor, sorting machine, concurrency control mechanism for DBM, main memory database, interconnection network for DBM, and performance evaluation. In this workshop much more attention was given to knowledge base management as compared to the previous four workshops. Many papers discuss deductive database processing. Architectures for semantic network, prolog, and production system were also proposed. We would like to express our deep thanks to all those who contributed to the success of the workshop. We would also like to express our apprecia tion for the valuable suggestions given to us by Prof. D. K. Hsiao, Prof. D."

This book is an edited selection of the papers presented at the International Workshop on VLSI for Artiflcial Intelligence which was held at the University of Oxford in July 1988. Our thanks go to all the contributors and especially to the programme committee for all their hard work. Thanks are also due to the ACM-SIGARCH, the Alvey Directorate, the lEE and the IEEE Computer Society for publicising the event and to Oxford University for their active support. We are particularly grateful to David Cawley and Paula Appleby for coping with the administrative problems. Jose Delgado-Frias Will Moore October 1988 Programme Committee Igor Aleksander, Imperial College (UK) Yves Bekkers, IRISA/INRIA (France) Michael Brady, University of Oxford (UK) Jose Delgado-Frias, University of Oxford (UK) Steven Krueger, Texas Instruments Inc. (USA) Simon Lavington, University of Essex (UK) Will Moore, University of Oxford (UK) Philip Treleaven, University College London (UK) Benjamin Wah, University of Illinois (USA) Prologue Research on architectures dedicated to artificial intelligence (AI) processing has been increasing in recent years, since conventional data- or numerically-oriented architec tures are not able to provide the computational power and/or functionality required. For the time being these architectures have to be implemented in VLSI technology with its inherent constraints on speed, connectivity, fabrication yield and power. This in turn impacts on the effectiveness of the computer architecture."

We shall begin this brief section with what we consider to be its objective. It will be followed by the main outline and then concluded by a few notes as to how this work should be used. Although logical systems have been manufactured for some time, the theory behind them is quite recent. Without going into historical digressions, we simply remark that the first comprehensive ideas on the application of Boolean algebra to logical systems appeared in the 1930's. These systems appeared in telephone exchanges and were realized with relays. It is only around 1955 that many articles and books trying to systematize the study of such automata, appeared. Since then, the theory has advanced regularly, but not in a way which satisfies those concerned with practical applications. What is serious, is that aside the books by Caldwell (which dates already from 1958), Marcus, and P. Naslin (in France), few works have been published which try to gather and unify results which can be used by the practis ing engineer; this is the objective of the present volumes."