The theory and applications of intelligent systems is today an important field of research. This book is an up-to-date collection of seventeen chapters, written by recognized experts in the field. In an introductory mathematical foundations part an overview of generalizations of the integral inequalities for nonadditive integrals and a construction of the General Prioritized Fuzzy Satisfaction Problem is given. Then different aspects of robotics are presented, such as the differences between human beings and robots, the motion of bipedal humanoid robots, and an evaluation of different autonomous quadrotor flight controllers. Also Fuzzy Systems are presented by a model of basic planar imprecise geometric objects allowing various applications in image analysis , GIS, and robotics, as well as a type-2 fuzzy logic in a software library for developing perceptual computers, and a two--degree--of--freedom speed control solutions for a brushless Direct Current motor. The book also presents recent applications in medicine such as a Virtual Doctor System, methods for a face to face human machine interaction, and an emotion estimation, with applications for multiple diseases and the effect of the applied therapy. The last part of the book covers different applications in transportation, network monitoring, and localization of pedestrians in images.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th Dortmund Fuzzy Days, Dortmund, Germany, 2006. This conference has established itself as an international forum for the discussion of new results in the field of Computational Intelligence. The papers presented here, all thoroughly reviewed, are devoted to foundational and practical issues in fuzzy systems, neural networks, evolutionary algorithms, and machine learning and thus cover the whole range of computational intelligence.

We describe in this book, hybrid intelligent systems based mainly on type-2 fuzzy logic for intelligent control. Hybrid intelligent systems combine several intelligent computing paradigms, including fuzzy logic, and bio-inspired optimization algorithms, which can be used to produce powerful automatic control systems. The book is organized in three main parts, which contain a group of chapters around a similar subject. The first part consists of chapters with the main theme of theory and design algorithms, which are basically chapters that propose new models and concepts, which can be the basis for achieving intelligent control with interval type-2 fuzzy logic. The second part of the book is comprised of chapters with the main theme of evolutionary optimization of type-2 fuzzy systems in intelligent control with the aim of designing optimal type-2 fuzzy controllers for complex control problems in diverse areas of application, including mobile robotics, aircraft dynamics systems and hardware implementations. The third part of the book is formed with chapters dealing with the theme of bio-inspired optimization of type-2 fuzzy systems in intelligent control, which includes the application of particle swarm intelligence and ant colony optimization algorithms for obtaining optimal type-2 fuzzy controllers.

Today s highly parameterized large-scale distributed computing systems may be composed of a large number of various components (computers, databases, etc) and must provide a wide range of services. The users of such systems, located at different (geographical or managerial) network cluster may have a limited access to the system s services and resources, and different, often conflicting, expectations and requirements. Moreover, the information and data processed in such dynamic environments may be incomplete, imprecise, fragmentary, and overloading. All of the above mentioned issues require some intelligent scalable methodologies for the management of the whole complex structure, which unfortunately may increase the energy consumption of such systems. An optimal energy utilization has reached to a point that many information technology (IT) managers and corporate executives are all up in arms to identify scalable solution that can reduce electricity consumption (so that the total cost of operation is minimized) of their respective large-scale computing systems and simultaneously improve upon or maintain the current throughput of the system.

This book in its eight chapters, addresses the fundamental issues related to the energy usage and the optimal low-cost system design in high performance green computing systems. The recent evolutionary and general metaheuristic-based solutions for energy optimization in data processing, scheduling, resource allocation, and communication in modern computational grids, could and network computing are presented along with several important conventional technologies to cover the hot topics from the fundamental theory of the green computing concept and to describe the basic architectures of systems. This book points out the potential application areas and provides detailed examples of application case studies in low-energy computational systems. The development trends and open research issues are also outlined. All of those technologies have formed the foundation for the green computing that we know of today."

Chaos is a fascinating phenomenon that has been observed in nature, laboratory, and has been applied in various real-world applications. Chaotic systems are deterministic with no random elements involved yet their behavior appears to be random. Obser- tions of chaotic behavior in nature include weather and climate, the dynamics of sat- lites in the solar system, the time evolution of the magnetic field of celestial bodies, population growth in ecology, to mention only a few examples. Chaos has been observed in the laboratory in a number of systems such as electrical circuits, lasers, chemical reactions, fluid dynamics, mechanical systems, and magneto-mechanical devices. Chaotic behavior has also found numerous applications in electrical and communication engineering, information and communication technologies, biology and medicine. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first book edited on chaos applications in intelligent computing. To access the latest research related to chaos applications in intelligent computing, we launched the book project where researchers from all over the world provide the necessary coverage of the mentioned field. The primary obj- tive of this project was to assemble as much research coverage as possible related to the field by defining the latest innovative technologies and providing the most c- prehensive list of research references.

This book addresses key design and computational issues related to radiators in hydronic heating installations. A historical outline is included to highlight the evolution of radiators and heating technologies. Further, the book includes a chapter on thermal comfort, which is the decisive factor in selecting the ideal heating system and radiator type. The majority of the book is devoted to an extensive discussion of the types and kinds of radiators currently in use, and to identifying the reasons for the remarkable diversity of design solutions. The differences between the solutions are also addressed, both in terms of the effects of operation and of the thermal comfort that needs to be ensured. The book then compares the advantages and disadvantages of each solution, as well as its potential applications. A detailed discussion, supported by an extensive theoretical and mathematical analysis, is presented of the computational relations that are used in selecting the radiator type. The dynamics of radiator heat output regulation are also covered, with particular emphasis on underfloor-surface radiators, for which this aspect is particularly important. The book closes with a chapter presenting computational examples. It includes numerous examples of calculations for all essential thermal parameters of radiator operation in heating installations.

Adaptivity and learning have in recent decades become a common concern of scientific disciplines. These issues have arisen in mathematics, physics, biology, informatics, economics, and other fields more or less simultaneously. The aim of this publication is the interdisciplinary discourse on the phenomenon of learning and adaptivity. Different perspectives are presented and compared to find fruitful concepts for the disciplines involved. The authors select problems showing representative traits concerning the frame up, the methods and the achievements rather than to present extended overviews.

In May 2002 a number of about 20 scientists from various disciplines were invited by the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities to participate in an interdisciplinary workshop on structures and structure generating processes. The site was the beautiful little castle of Blankensee, south of Berlin. The disciplines represented ranged from mathematics and information theory, over various ?elds of engineering, biochemistry and biology, to the economic and social sciences. All participants presented talks explaining the nature of structures considered in their ?elds and the associated procedures of analysis. It soon became evident that the study of structures is indeed a common c- cern of virtually all disciplines. The motivation as well as the methods of analysis, however, differ considerably. In engineering, the generation of artifacts, such as infrastructures or technological processes, are of primary interest. Frequently, the analysis aims there at de?ning a simpli?ed mathematical model for the optimization of the structures and the structure generating processes. Mathematical or heuristic methods are applied, the latter preferably of the type of biology based evolutionary algorithms. On the other hand, setting up complex technical structures is not pos- ble by such simpli?ed model calculations but requires a different and less model but rather knowledge-based type of approach, using empirical rules rather than formal equations. In biochemistry, interest is frequently focussed on the structures of molecules, such as proteins or ribonucleic acids. Again, optimal structures can usually be de?ned.

The 6th ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Research, Management and Applications (SERA 2008) was held in Prague in the Czech Republic on August 20 - 22. SERA '08 featured excellent theoretical and practical contributions in the areas of formal methods and tools, requirements engineering, software process models, communication systems and networks, software quality and evaluation, software engineering, networks and mobile computing, parallel/distributed computing, software testing, reuse and metrics, database retrieval, computer security, software architectures and modeling. Our conference officers selected the best 17 papers from those papers accepted for presentation at the conference in order to publish them in this volume. The papers were chosen based on review scores submitted by members or the program committee, and underwent further rounds of rigorous review.

The series Studies in Computational Intelligence (SCI) publishes new developments and advances in the various areas of computational intelligence-quickly and with a high quality. The intent is to cover the theory, applications, and design methods of computational intelligence, as embedded in the fields of engineering, computer science, physics and life science, as well as the methodologies behind them. The series contains monographs, lecture notes and edited volumes in computational intelligence spanning the areas of neural networks, connectionist systems, genetic algorithms, evolutionary computation, artificial intelligence, cellular automata, self-organizing systems, soft computing, fuzzy systems and hybrid intelligent systems. Critical to both contributors and readers are the short publication time and world-wide distribution-this permits a rapid and broad dissemination of research results.

The purpose of the 10th International Conference on Software Engineering Research, Management and Applications(SERA 2012) held on May 3- June 1, 2012 in Shanghai, China was to bring together scientists, engineers, computer users, and students to share their experiences and exchange new ideas and research results about all aspects (theory, applications and tools) of Software Engineering Research, Management and Applications, and to discuss the practical challenges encountered along the way and the solutions adopted to solve them.

The conference organizers selected 12 outstanding papers from those papers accepted for presentation at the conference in order to publish them in this volume. The papers were chosen based on review scores submitted by members of the program committee, and further rigorous rounds of review."

Innovations in Defence Support Systems - 2 presents a sample of the state-of-art research on defence support systems. The focus of the volume is on the design and optimization of socio-technical systems and their performance in defence contexts. Conceptual and methodological considerations for the development of such systems and criteria likely to be useful in their evaluation are discussed, along with their conceptual underpinnings in total system performance analysis.

This book provides a broad-ranging, but detailed overview of the basics of Fuzzy Logic. The fundamentals of Fuzzy Logic are discussed in detail, and illustrated with various solved examples. The book also deals with applications of Fuzzy Logic, to help readers more fully understand the concepts involved. Solutions to the problems are programmed using MATLAB 6.0, with simulated results. The MATLAB Fuzzy Logic toolbox is provided for easy reference.

This book details a systematic characteristics-based finite element procedure to investigate incompressible, free-surface and compressible flows. Several sections derive the Fluid Dynamics equations from first thermo-mechanics principles and develop this multi-dimensional and infinite-directional upstream procedure by combining a finite element discretization with an implicit non-linearly stable Runge-Kutta time integration for the numerical solution of the Euler and Navier Stokes equations.

This book is the first in the field to provide extensive, entry level tutorials to the theory of Evolutionary Computing, covering the main approaches to understanding the dynamics of Evolutionary Algorithms. It combines this with recent, previously unpublished research papers based on the material of the tutorials. The outcome is a book which is self-contained to a large degree, attractive both to graduate students and researchers from other fields who want to get acquainted with the theory of Evolutionary Computing, and to active researchers in the field who can use this book as a reference and a source of recent results.

This edited book contains several state-of-the-art papers devoted to econometrics of risk. Some papers provide theoretical analysis of the corresponding mathematical, statistical, computational, and economical models. Other papers describe applications of the novel risk-related econometric techniques to real-life economic situations. The book presents new methods developed just recently, in particular, methods using non-Gaussian heavy-tailed distributions, methods using non-Gaussian copulas to properly take into account dependence between different quantities, methods taking into account imprecise ("fuzzy") expert knowledge, and many other innovative techniques. This versatile volume helps practitioners to learn how to apply new techniques of econometrics of risk, and researchers to further improve the existing models and to come up with new ideas on how to best take into account economic risks.

Research in the field of multimedia metadata is especially challenging: Lots of scientific publications and reports on research projects are published every year and the range of possible applications is diverse and huge. This book gives an overview on fundamental issues within the field of multimedia metadata focusing on contextualized, ubiquitous, accessible and interoperable services on a higher semantic level. The book in hand provides a selection of basic articles being a base for multimedia metadata research. Furthermore it presents a view on the current state of the art in multimedia metadata research. It provides information from versatile applications domains (Broadcasting, Interactive TV, E-Learning and Social Software) such as: Multimedia on the Web 2.0 - Databases for Multimedia (Meta-)Data - Multimedia Information Retrieval and Evaluation - Multimedia Metadata Standards - Ontologies for Multimedia.

The multimedia metadata community (www.multimedia-metadata.info), wherefrom this book originated, brings together experts from research and industry in the area of multimedia metadata research and application development. The community bridges the gap between an academic research and an industrial scale development of innovative products. By summarizing the work of the community this book contributes to the aforementioned fields by addressing these topics for a broad range of readers.

New approaches are needed that could move us towards developing effective systems for problem solving and decision making, systems that can deal with complex and ill-structured situations, systems that can function in information rich environments, systems that can cope with imprecise information, systems that can rely on their knowledge and learn from experience - i.e. intelligent systems. One of the main efforts in intelligent systems development is focused on knowledge and information management which is regarded as the crucial issue in smart decision making support. The 13 Chapters of this book represent a sample of such effort. The overall aim of this book is to provide guidelines to develop tools for smart processing of knowledge and information. Still, the guide does not presume to give ultimate answers. Rather, it poses ideas and case studies to explore and the complexities and challenges of modern knowledge management issues. It also encourages its reader to become aware of the multifaceted interdisciplinary character of such issues. The premise of this book is that its reader will leave it with a heightened ability to think - in different ways - about developing, evaluating, and supporting intelligent knowledge and information management systems in real life based environment.

The essential aim of the present book is to consider a wide set of problems arising in the mathematical modelling of mechanical systems under unilateral constraints. In these investigations elastic and non-elastic deformations, friction and adhesion phenomena are taken into account. All the necessary mathematical tools are given: local boundary value problem formulations, construction of variational equations and inequalities, and the transition to minimization problems, existence and uniqueness theorems, and variational transformations (Friedrichs and Young-Fenchel-Moreau) to dual and saddle-point search problems. Important new results concern contact problems with friction. The Coulomb friction law and some others are considered, in which relative sliding velocities appear.

Information retrieval (IR) aims at defining systems able to provide a fast and effective content-based access to a large amount of stored information. The aim of an IR system is to estimate the relevance of documents to users' information needs, expressed by means of a query. This is a very difficult and complex task, since it is pervaded with imprecision and uncertainty. Most of the existing IR systems offer a very simple model of IR, which privileges efficiency at the expense of effectiveness. A promising direction to increase the effectiveness of IR is to model the concept of "partially intrinsic" in the IR process and to make the systems adaptive, i.e. able to "learn" the user's concept of relevance. To this aim, the application of soft computing techniques can be of help to obtain greater flexibility in IR systems.

Evolutionary Algorithms, in particular Evolution Strategies, Genetic Algorithms, or Evolutionary Programming, have found wide acceptance as robust optimization algorithms in the last ten years. Compared with the broad propagation and the resulting practical prosperity in different scientific fields, the theory has not progressed as much.This monograph provides the framework and the first steps toward the theoretical analysis of Evolution Strategies (ES). The main emphasis is on understanding the functioning of these probabilistic optimization algorithms in real-valued search spaces by investigating the dynamical properties of some well-established ES algorithms. The book introduces the basic concepts of this analysis, such as progress rate, quality gain, and self-adaptation response, and describes how to calculate these quantities. Based on the analysis, functioning principles are derived, aiming at a qualitative understanding of why and how ES algorithms work.

This volume showcases contributions from internationally-known researchers in the field of information management. Most of the approaches presented here make use of fuzzy logic, introduced by L.A. Zadeh almost 50 years ago, which constitute a powerful tool to model and handle gradual concepts. What all of these contributions have in common is placing the user at the center of the information system, be it for helping him/her to query a data set, to handle imperfect information, or to discover useful knowledge from a massive collection of data. Researchers working in data and knowledge management will greatly benefit from this collection of up-to-date studies. This may be also an invaluable source of information for postgraduate students interested in advanced information management techniques.

Recently, cryptology problems, such as designing good cryptographic systems and analyzing them, have been challenging researchers. Many algorithms that take advantage of approaches based on computational intelligence techniques, such as genetic algorithms, genetic programming, and so on, have been proposed to solve these issues. Implementing Computational Intelligence Techniques for Security Systems Design is an essential research book that explores the application of computational intelligence and other advanced techniques in information security, which will contribute to a better understanding of the factors that influence successful security systems design. Featuring a range of topics such as encryption, self-healing systems, and cyber fraud, this book is ideal for security analysts, IT specialists, computer engineers, software developers, technologists, academicians, researchers, practitioners, and students.

This book focuses on metaheuristic methods and its applications to real-world problems in Engineering. The first part describes some key metaheuristic methods, such as Bat Algorithms, Particle Swarm Optimization, Differential Evolution, and Particle Collision Algorithms. Improved versions of these methods and strategies for parameter tuning are also presented, both of which are essential for the practical use of these important computational tools. The second part then applies metaheuristics to problems, mainly in Civil, Mechanical, Chemical, Electrical, and Nuclear Engineering. Other methods, such as the Flower Pollination Algorithm, Symbiotic Organisms Search, Cross-Entropy Algorithm, Artificial Bee Colonies, Population-Based Incremental Learning, Cuckoo Search, and Genetic Algorithms, are also presented. The book is rounded out by recently developed strategies, or hybrid improved versions of existing methods, such as the Lightning Optimization Algorithm, Differential Evolution with Particle Collisions, and Ant Colony Optimization with Dispersion - state-of-the-art approaches for the application of computational intelligence to engineering problems. The wide variety of methods and applications, as well as the original results to problems of practical engineering interest, represent the primary differentiation and distinctive quality of this book. Furthermore, it gathers contributions by authors from four countries - some of which are the original proponents of the methods presented - and 18 research centers around the globe.