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Books > Humanities > Philosophy > Western philosophy > Ancient Western philosophy to c 500 > General
This study explores the theoretical relationship between
Aristotle's theory of syllogism and his conception of demonstrative
knowledge. More specifically, I consider why Aristotle's theory of
demonstration presupposes his theory of syllogism. In reconsidering
the relationship between Aristotle's two Analytics, I modify this
widely discussed question. The problem of the relationship between
Aristotle's logic and his theory of proof is commonly approached
from the standpoint of whether the theory of demonstration
presupposes the theory of syllogism. By contrast, I assume the
theoretical relationship between these two theories from the start.
This assumption is based on much explicit textual evidence
indicating that Aristotle considers the theory of demonstration a
branch of the theory of syllogism. I see no textual reasons for
doubting the theoretical relationship between Aristotle's two
Analytics so I attempt to uncover here the common theoretical
assumptions that relate the syllogistic form of reasoning to the
cognitive state (i. e. , knowledge), which is attained through
syllogistic inferences. This modification of the traditional
approach reflects the wider objective of this essay. Unlike the
traditional interpretation, which views the Posterior Analytics in
light of scientific practice, this study aims to lay the foundation
for a comprehensive interpretation of the Posterior Analytics,
considering this work from a metaphysical perspective. One of my
major assertions is that Aristotle's conception of substance is
essential for a grasp of his theory of demonstration in general,
and of the role of syllogistic logic in particular.
This book provides a collection of essays representing the state of
the art in the research into argumentation in classical antiquity.
It contains essays from leading and up and coming scholars on
figures as diverse as Parmenides, Gorgias, Seneca, and Classical
Chinese "wandering persuaders." The book includes contributions
from specialists in the history of philosophy as well as
specialists in contemporary argumentation theory, and stimulates
the dialogue between scholars studying issues relating to
argumentation theory in ancient philosophy and contemporary
argumentation theorists. Furthermore, the book sets the direction
for research into argumentation in antiquity by encouraging an
engagement with a broader range of historical figures, and closer
collaboration between contemporary concerns and the history of
philosophy.
A detailed research work for the study of the origins,
development, and significance of the Cynical movement among the
Greeks and Romans. The purpose of this volume is to provide
bibliographical information on over 650 books and articles dealing
with various aspects of Cynicism. These works were written as early
as the 16th century and as recently as 1994 in a variety of
languages. This volume includes numerous revealing quotations from
the annotated works. It is a valuable research instrument for
anyone interested in the history of ideas.
The contributions of the Cynic philosophers, both Greek and
Roman, were many. In many ways they were significant in the
development of Western philosophy. The Cynics were a familiar sight
in classical times. They saw themselves as having been called to
fulfill a mission, namely, the denunciation of ordinary human
values and conventions. Offering a wide spectrum of approaches to
Cynicism, the works detailed in this volume include general
histories of philosophy (especially Greek), monographs on Cynicism,
doctoral and university dissertations, collections of articles from
journals and magazines, poetic and dramatic pieces, and
encyclopedia and dictionary entries--selections from strictly
scholarly works in philosophy and philology to popularizations of
Cynic ideas.
Two treatises on memory which have come down to us from antiquity
are Aristotle's "On memory and recollection" and Plotinus' "On
perception and memory" (IV 6); the latter also wrote at length
about memory in his "Problems connected with the soul" (IV 3-4,
esp. 3.25-4.6). In both authors memory is treated as a 'modest'
faculty: both authors assume the existence of a persistent subject
to whom memory belongs; and basic cognitive capacities are assumed
on which memory depends. In particular, both theories use phantasia
(representation) to explain memory. Aristotle takes representations
to be changes in concrete living things which arise from actual
perception. To be connected to the original perception the
representation has to be taken as a (kind of) copy of the original
experience - this is the way Aristotle defines memory at the end of
his investigation. Plotinus does not define memory: he is concerned
with the question of what remembers. This is of course the soul,
which goes through different stages of incarnation and
disincarnation. Since the disembodied soul can remember, so he does
not have Aristotle's resources for explaining the continued
presence of representations as changes in the concrete thing.
Instead, he thinks that when acquiring a memory we acquire a
capacity in respect of the object of the memory, namely to make it
present at a later time.
This wide-ranging collection of essays by European and American
scholars presents some of the most interesting and important work
now being done on the political philosophy of Aristotle. Part One
investigates what is arguably the most urgent and controversial
question of concern to students of Aristotle today, namely, the
possibility of grounding moral and political action in some version
of Aristotelian rationalism. Part Two considers a series of
specific questions arising from the Politics and the Nicomachean
Ethics, among which are Aristotle's understanding of moral virtue;
the problem of evil; justice, and the very idea of "common good,"
friendship; the status of the philosophic life vis-a-vis the
political; and the outlines of the best possible political
community.
"Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy" presents original articles
on all aspects of ancient philosophy. The articles may be of
substantial length, and include critical notices of major books.
OSAP is now published twice yearly, in both hardback and paperback.
The essays in this volume focus in particular on Plato, Aristotle
and the Stoics.
Phanes (fa-nays) means "manifester" or "revealer", and is related
to the Greek words "light" and "to shine forth".
Phanes Press was founded in 1985 to publish quality books on the
spiritual, philosophical, and cosmological traditions of the
Western world. Since that time, we have published 45 books,
including five volumes of Alexandria, a book-length journal of
cosmology, philosophy, myth, and culture.
The year 2000 marks our fifteen-year anniversary, and we are
working to bring out more interdisciplinary works, including books
on creativity, psychology, literature, and the intersections
between science, spirituality, and culture.
The longest work on number symbolism to survive from the ancient
world. Contains helpful footnotes, an extensive glossary,
bibliography, & foreword by Keith Critchlow.
This book discusses Lucretius' refutation of Heraclitus,
Empedocles, Anaxagoras and other, unnamed thinkers in De Rerum
Natura 1, 635-920. Chapter 1 argues that in DRN I 635-920 Lucretius
was following an Epicurean source, which in turn depended on
Theophrastean doxography. Chapter 2 shows that books 14 and 15 of
Epicurus' On Nature were not Lucretius' source-text. Chapter 3
discusses how lines 635-920 fit in the structure of book 1 and
whether Lucretius' source is more likely to have been Epicurus
himself or a neo-Epicurean. Chapter 4 focuses on Lucretius' own
additions to the material he derived from his sources and on his
poetical and rhetorical contributions, which were extensive.
Lucretius shows an understanding of philosophical points by
adapting his poetical devices to the philosophical arguments.
Chapter 4 also argues that Lucretius anticipates philosophical
points in what have often been regarded as the 'purple passages' of
his poem - e.g. the invocation of Venus in the proem, and the
description of Sicily and Aetna - so that he could take them up
later on in his narrative and provide an adequate explanation of
reality.
![On Pythagoreanism (Hardcover): Gabriele Cornelli, Richard McKirahan, Constantinos Macris](//media.loot.co.za/images/x80/572439855379179215.jpg) |
On Pythagoreanism
(Hardcover)
Gabriele Cornelli, Richard McKirahan, Constantinos Macris
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R4,661
Discovery Miles 46 610
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Ships in 12 - 17 working days
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The purpose of the conference "On Pythagoreanism", held in Brasilia
in 2011, was to bring together leading scholars from all over the
world to define the status quaestionis for the ever-increasing
interest and research on Pythagoreanism in the 21st century. The
papers included in this volume exemplify the variety of topics and
approaches now being used to understand the polyhedral image of one
of the most fascinating and long-lasting intellectual phenomena in
Western history. Cornelli's paper opens the volume by charting the
course of Pythagorean studies over the past two centuries. The
remaining contributions range chronologically from Pythagoras and
the early Pythagoreans of the archaic period (6th-5th centuries
BCE) through the classical, hellenistic and late antique periods,
to the eighteenth century. Thematically they treat the connections
of Pythagoreanism with Orphism and religion, with mathematics,
metaphysics and epistemology and with politics and the Pythagorean
way of life.
![de Anima (Hardcover): Aristotle](//media.loot.co.za/images/x80/82476945505179215.jpg) |
de Anima
(Hardcover)
Aristotle; Translated by R.D. Hicks
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R646
Discovery Miles 6 460
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Ships in 10 - 15 working days
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Knowledge, however, is an attribute of the soul, and so are
perception, opinion, desire, wish, and appetency generally; animal
locomotion also is produced by the soul; and likewise growth,
maturity, and decay. Shall we then say that each of these belongs
to the whole soul, that we think, that is, and perceive and are
moved and in each of the other operations act and are acted upon
with the whole soul, or that the different operations are to be
assigned to different parts? -from Book I The writings of Greek
philosopher ARISTOTLE (384Bi322Be-student of Plato, teacher of
Alexander the Great-are among the most influential on Western
thought, and indeed upon Western civilization itself. From theology
and logic to politics and even biology, there is no area of human
knowledge that has not been touched by his thinking. In De
Anima-which means, literally, On the Soul-the philosopher ponders
the very nature of life itself. What is the essence of the
lifeforce? Can we consider that plants and animals have souls? How
does human intellect divide us from other animals? Is the human
mind immortal? All these questions, and others that seem
unanswerable, are explored in depth in this, one of the most
important works ever written on such eternal questions. Students
and armchair philosophers will find it a challenging-and
rewarding-read.
Nietzsche's work was shaped by his engagement with ancient Greek
philosophy. Matthew Meyer analyzes Nietzsche's concepts of becoming
and perspectivism and his alleged rejection of the principle of
non-contradiction, and he traces these views back to the
Heraclitean-Protagorean position that Plato and Aristotle
critically analyze in the Theaetetus and Metaphysica IV,
respectively. At the center of this Heraclitean-Protagorean
position is a relational ontology in which everything exists and is
what it is only in relation to something else. Meyer argues that
this relational ontology is not only theoretically foundational for
Nietzsche's philosophical project, in that it is the common element
in Nietzsche's views on becoming, perspectivism, and the principle
of non-contradiction, but also textually foundational, in that
Nietzsche implicitly commits himself to such an ontology in raising
the question of opposites at the beginning of both Human, All Too
Human and Beyond Good and Evil.
Interpretation of ancient Greek literature is often enough
distorted by the preconceptions of modern times, especially on
ancient morality. This is often equivalent to begging the question.
If we think e.g. of arete, which has different meanings in
different contexts, we shall think in English (or in Modern Greek
or in French or in German) and shall falsify the phenomena. If we
are to understand the Greek concept e.g. of arete we must study the
nature of the situations in which it is applied. For it is an
important fact in the study of Greek society that the Greeks used
the one word (e.g. arete) where we use different words. If we are
to understand properly the texts, we have to view them in their
historical and social context. Ancient Greek thought needs to be
studied together with politics, ethics, and economic behaviour.
Moreover, the best insights can be found in those who confine
themselves to the terms of each ancient author's analysis. From
this principle each of the contributions of the volume begins.
The papyri transmit a part of the testimonia relevant to
pre-Socratic philosophy. The 'Corpus dei Papiri Filosofici' takes
this material only partly into account. In this volume, a team of
specialists discusses some of the most important papyrological
texts that are major instruments for reconstructing pre-Socratic
philosophy and doxography. Furthermore, these texts help to
increase our knowledge of how pre-Socratic thought - through
contributions to physics, cosmology, ethics, ontology, theology,
anthropology, hermeneutics, and aesthetics - paved the way for the
canonic scientific fields of European culture. More specifically,
each paper tackles (published and unpublished) papyrological texts
concerning the Orphics, the Milesians, Heraclitus, Empedocles,
Anaxagoras, the early Atomists, and the Sophists. For the first
time in the field of pre-Socratics studies, several papers are
devoted to the Herculanean sources, along with others concerning
the Graeco-Egyptian papyri and the Derveni Papyrus.
Ever since Aristotle's famous argument about "the sea-battle
tomorrow", there has been intensive and controversial discussion
among philosophers whether the truth of statements about the future
leads to determinism. Ther e is controversy about Aristotle's own
solution to the problem, as well as the views of classical and
medieval commentators on Aristotle. Seel's book attempts to answer
this question for the Neoplatonist Ammonius (5th-6th century AD).
In so doing, he also opens up new insights into Neoplatonic
thought.
This book further develops Professor Seaford's innovative work on
the study of ritual and money in the developing Greek polis. It
employs the concept of the chronotope, which refers to the
phenomenon whereby the spatial and temporal frameworks explicit or
implicit in a text have the same structure, and uncovers various
such chronotopes in Homer, the Homeric Hymn to Demeter, Presocratic
philosophy and in particular the tragedies of Aeschylus. Mikhail
Bakhtin's pioneering use of the chronotope was in literary
analysis. This study by contrast derives the variety of chronotopes
manifest in Greek texts from the variety of socially integrative
practices in the developing polis - notably reciprocity, collective
ritual and monetised exchange. In particular, the Oresteia of
Aeschylus embodies the reassuring absorption of the new and
threatening monetised chronotope into the traditional chronotope
that arises from collective ritual with its aetiological myth. This
argument includes the first ever demonstration of the profound
affinities between Aeschylus and the (Presocratic) philosophy of
his time.
Organization, Society and Politics helps readers understand the
strengths and limitations of Western civilization's most
influential social theorist. Would you like to know why Aristotle
said we are 'political animals' (and what that really means); or
see how his Politics can be used to evaluate the legacy of the
Blair government, and examine David Cameron's 'Big Society'? How
does the Nicomachean Ethics help us understand the 2011 UK riots?
Perhaps you are suspicious of claims that 'good ethics is good
business' and would like to be able to say why, or curious to see
how Aristotle's Poetics can be used to teach about revolution, or
glimpse the rhetorical skills of Barack Obama? This
thought-provoking volume explores these topics amongst many others.
Specialists will welcome the attention to original texts, whilst
non-specialists will appreciate the lucid summaries and
applications that make Aristotle fascinatingly accessible and
relevant across politics, business studies, and social science.
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