Presents the challenges posed by the extremely complex, transboundary nature of pandemics ranging from local to global readiness, preparedness, response, and containment Introduces readers to the broad spectrum of pandemic effects: legal, military, economic, political, and social at the local, regional, and international scale Provides an unvarnished and critical view of the national and international politics of pandemic detection, monitoring, containment, and prevention

The new Fourth Edition of Bacterial Infections of Humans reflects a decade of important discoveries, technological progress, and valuable new therapies as well as emerging and reemerging infections, resistant strains of bacteria, and threats of bioterrorism. It offers accessible, up-to-date information across the range of disease entities. As in previous editions, introductory chapters review general concepts of infection and epidemiology, and the chapters devoted to specific infections follow a consistent and highly useful format: historical background, methodology (diagnosis and pathology), biology, descriptive epidemiology, mechanism and routes of transmission, pathogenesis, host responses, methods of prevention and control, and areas for future research. All material has been thoroughly updated, and two chapters on molecular epidemiology and health care-acquired bacterial infections, are entirely new. A sampling of the 40 diseases and clinical syndromes covered in the Fourth Edition: Anthrax Bacterial foodborne disease Chlamydia E. coli Legionellosis Meningitis Q fever Tuberculosis Bacterial Infections of Humans has been noted for ably complementing textbooks on the subject, and this most current edition remains a major reference for professionals in the field, including public health practitioners, microbiologists, immunologists, researchers studying pathogenic bacteria, clinicians working with infectious disease, and medical or nursing students.

In response to an infection (e.g., from pathogens such as bacteria and viruses), the immune system can deplete macrophages (specialized white blood cells) and produce cytokines that are pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory. This counterproductive autoimmune response is represented mathematically as nonlinear chemotaxis diffusion. This book is directed to the computer-based modeling of chemotaxis inflammation. The spatiotemporal analysis is based on a model of three partial differential equations (PDEs). The three PDE model is coded (programmed) as a set of routines in R, a quality, open-source, scientific programming system. The numerical integration (solution) of the PDEs is by the method of lines (MOL). The three PDE model can be used for computer-based experimentation, for example, parameter variation and changes in the model equations or alternate models, to enhance a quantitative understanding of a postulated inflammation. This experimentation is illustrated by chapters pertaining to: (1) the computation and display of the PDE time derivatives, (2) the RHS terms of the PDEs with emphasis on the chemotaxis terms, (3) parameter variations to demonstrate parameter effects and sensitivities and (4) additonal terms in the PDEs to include PDE coupling and extensions of the basic PDE model.

At the height of WWI, history's most lethal influenza virus erupted in an army camp in Kansas, moved east with American troops, then exploded, killing as many as 100 million people worldwide. It killed more people in twenty-four months than AIDS killed in twenty-four years, more in a year than the Black Death killed in a century. But this was not the Middle Ages, and 1918 marked the first collision of science and epidemic disease. Magisterial in its breadth of perspective and depth of research and now revised to reflect the growing danger of the avian flu, "The Great Influenza" is ultimately a tale of triumph amid tragedy, which provides us with a precise and sobering model as we confront the epidemics looming on our own horizon. John M Barry has written a new afterword for this edition that brings us up to speed on the terrible threat of the avian flu and suggests ways in which we might head off another flu pandemic.

Provides fresh and unique insights on smart cities and futures studies in a pandemic context. Provides profound reflections on contemporary societal functions and the needs to build resilience. Combines lessons learned from historical pandemics with possibilities offered by future technology.

Viruses and Society is geared towards professionals and students in college-level introductory biology courses devoted to understanding viruses, vaccines, and their global impact. The beginning of the book introduces cells, DNA, and viruses themselves. There follows a review of how the immune system works and how scientists and physicians harness the immune system to protect people through vaccines. Specific chapters will focus on the 1918 influenza pandemic, the fight to eradicate polio, the HIV/AIDS pandemic, and our current COVID-19 crisis. Additionally, the book reviews the uses of viruses in genetic engineering and in gene therapy as well. The book will conclude by describing public health initiatives to keep emerging viruses in check and the role of scientific communication in how viruses are perceived and have an impact on our society. Key Features 1) The text employs approachable and simplified language 2) Provides all the essential elements for understanding virus biology 3) Includes details on how viruses affect individuals 4) Describes the ways public health decisions are made in light of how viral pathogens spread 5) Highlights up to date scientific findings on the features of emerging viruses that will always be with us

Spreading to every corner of the Earth, the COVID-19 virus has had an unparalleled impact on all aspects of our lives. This book explores in detail how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected clinical practice, education, and research in medical physics, and how colleagues on the frontline dealt with this unpredictable and unprecedented pandemic. It tackles key questions such as: How did medical physicists first respond to the situation? What innovative strategies were taken and how effective were they? How are medical physicists preparing for the future? There will be a focus on the different experiences of regional medical physicists and the responses and outlooks in clinical practice, education, and research in the affected continents, Asia-Pacific, the Middle East, Europe, Africa and North and Latin America. With over 91 contributors from 39 countries, this unique resource contains key perspectives from teams from each territory to ensure a global range of accounts. The collective opinion and wisdom from the major medical physics journal editors-in-chief are also explored, alongside how the pandemic has affected the quantity and quality of publications. Voices of early-career researchers and students of medical physics will be included, with narratives of their experiences coping with life during the pandemic. Lastly, communicating leadership in times of adversity is highlighted. This book will be a historic account of the impact of the COVID-19 virus on the field of medical physics. It will be an ideal reference for medical physicists, medical physics trainees and students, hospital administrators, regulators, and healthcare professionals allied with medical physics. Key features: The first book to cover the impact of COVID-19 on the field of medical physics Edited by two experts in the field, with chapter contributions from subject area specialists around the world Broad, global coverage, ranging from the impact on teaching, research, and publishing, with unique perspectives from journal editors and students and trainees

A gritty, dark tale of infectious disease gone wrong - the timely graphic novel from Sunday Times bestselling author Val McDermid, stunningly illustrated by Kathryn Briggs 'A brilliant and timely story, told with McDermid's verve, style and passion. I couldn't stop turning the pages, even when I could barely take the tension. Wonderful.' Denise Mina It's the summer solstice weekend, and 150,000 people descend on a farm in the northeast of England for an open-air music festival. At first, a spot of rain seems to be the only thing dampening the fun - until a mystery bug appears. Before long, the illness is spreading at an electrifying speed and seems resistant to all antibiotics. Can journalist Zoe Meadows track the outbreak to its source, and will a cure be found before the disease becomes a pandemic? A heart-racing thriller, Resistance imagines a nightmare pandemic that seems only too credible in the wake of COVID-19. Number one bestseller and queen of crime Val McDermid has teamed up with illustrator Kathryn Briggs to create a masterful graphic novel. 'One of today's most accomplished crime writers' Literary Review 'A powerful, unique look at the benign origins of catastrophe' Kirkus Reviews

Key Features: 1. Offers new perspectives beyond the topic area of infection prevention and control, to push the frontiers of knowledge and to challenge the status quo. 2. Interprofessional in nature and relevant to all those involved in the provision of medicine, health, and social care irrespective of their roles. 3. Truly international in nature in that the chapters have been developed by a range of individuals from across the globe.

Every new development--from exploding human and animal populations to trade and travel--intensifies our susceptibility to a devastating epidemic. Ironically, a pandemic on the scale of the 1918 flu that killed perhaps a hundred million people would be deadlier today, despite a century of medical advances. As the current Zika epidemic proves, we are wholly unprepared for these diseases. So what can-and must--we do to protect ourselves against mankind's Deadliest Enemy? Separating experience-borne fact from mindless fear, Michael Osterholm and Mark Olshaker detail the plans and resources that must be in place when the unthinkable becomes the inevitable. DEADLIEST ENEMY is high scientific drama, a chronicle of mystery and discovery, a reality check, and a plan of action.

A vivid, sweeping, and "fact-filled" (Booklist, starred review) history of mankind's battles with infectious disease that "contextualizes the COVID-19 pandemic" (Publishers Weekly)-for readers of the #1 New York Times bestsellers Yuval Harari's Sapiens and John Barry's The Great Influenza. For four thousand years, the size and vitality of cities, economies, and empires were heavily determined by infection. Striking humanity in waves, the cycle of plagues set the tempo of civilizational growth and decline, since common response to the threat was exclusion-quarantining the sick or keeping them out. But the unprecedented hygiene and medical revolutions of the past two centuries have allowed humanity to free itself from the hold of epidemic cycles-resulting in an urbanized, globalized, and unimaginably wealthy world. However, our development has lately become precarious. Climate and population fluctuations and factors such as global trade have left us more vulnerable than ever to newly emerging plagues. Greater global cooperation toward sustainable health is urgently required-such as the international efforts to manufacture and distribute a COVID-19 vaccine-with millions of lives and trillions of dollars at stake. "A timely, lucid look at the role of pandemics in history" (Kirkus Reviews), The Plague Cycle reveals the relationship between civilization, globalization, prosperity, and infectious disease over the past five millennia. It harnesses history, economics, and public health, and charts humanity's remarkable progress, providing a fascinating and astute look at the cyclical nature of infectious disease.

Originally published in 1980, this book explores how the NHS confronts perennial stresses and problems, considering in particular the allocation of the scarce resources within the health service. Written by distinguished academics, three of whom previously undertook research work for the Royal Commission on the NHS, the discussion centres on whether more could not be spent, whether resources are being allocated equitably, how planning can work most effectively, whether there are feasible ways of financing the service and how organisation and management could be improved: in short, all issues which continue to be pertinent to the NHS today.

Originally published in 1988, the essays in this book focus primarily on colonial medicine in the British Empire but comparative material on the experience of France and Germany is also included. The authors show how medicine served as an instrument of empire, as well as constituting an imperializing cultural force in itself, reflecting in different contexts, the objectives of European expansion - whether to conquer, to occupy or to settle. With chapters from a distinguished array of social and medical historians, colonial medicine is examined in its topical, regional and professional diversity. Ranging from tropical to temperate regions, from 18th Century colonial America to 20th Century South Africa, this book is an important contribution to our understanding of the influence of European medicine on imperial history.

Originally published in 1976, this is the account of British society's response to the threat of disease. It is the story of an administrative fight to exclude the disease by quarantine and to persuade commerce and working-class people to observe carefully thought-out regulations. The story of one of failure - of men hampered by lack of information, lack of resources and lack of a convincing scientific explanation. Medical science failed to see that infected water supplies were the major carriers of the epidemic and failed to acknowledge saline infusion (the basis of successful modern treatment) when it was presented to them by an obscure local surgeon in Leith. The social structure of the medical profession was as much a barrier to scientific advance as the technical limitations of statistical method and microscope. These reactions are explained in terms of the expectations and the understanding of those involved as well as in terms of modern medical knowledge and sociological theory.

Originally published in 1980, this book focusses attention on various aspects of disease ecology. A series of contrasts appear, between urban and rural, temperate and tropical, and affluent and poor communities. These socio-geographical contrasts are related to a further dichotomy between infectious (usually acute) diseases, and non-infectious (usually chronic) ones. The first part of the book is largely concerned with infectious disease, such as malaria and gastroenteritis, in rural/tropical/poor communities. The second discusses the often-antithetical combination of chronic disease in urban/temperate/affluent populations.

Originally published in 1984, this book focuses, firstly, on how patients interpret and act in response to symptoms of illness; secondly on how social and psychological factors influence the treatment process; and thirdly, on certain kinds of illness where the psychosocial perspective is of particular importance to the providers of health care - for example, chronic or particularly disabling illnesses. It demonstrates how essential it is to bring an interdisciplinary perspective from the social and behavioural sciences to an understanding and interpretation of behaviour in relation to illness. It will be of central concern to all health professionals in training and in practice and to social scientists interested in health care.

Key Features: * Explores a highly topical concept of vaccines in a comprehensive and easy to read manner. * Engages the readers with relatable and interesting anecdotes. * Provides a balanced, factual counter to the huge amount of current vaccine misinformation.

Contains simple, lucid and concise presentation of contents Emphasizes core knowledge and concepts Presents evidence based and up to date information from a multidisciplinary perspective Includes illustrations with good quality diagrams and colored photographs for ease of understanding.

Early Childhood Education and Care in a Global Pandemic is a book that highlights how the international early childhood education and care sector responded to the global COVID-19 pandemic. It shows the resiliency of the sector around the world as it grappled with a rapidly changing environment of uncertainty and complexity. Drawing on a diverse range of early childhood education and care contexts, the book captures real-life examples of how COVID-19 impacted children, educators and teachers, and families. Chapters present cases of the particular challenges that COVID-19 presented in a wide range of countries and then how they responded to these challenges - challenges that tested the resilience of children, educators and teachers, and families. By forward anchoring, each chapter examines the opportunities that arose from these challenges and how new local knowledge was produced as new ways were found to support children, educators and teachers, and families during this time. This book offers early childhood education and care a timely resource on lessons learnt from a once-in-a-lifetime event. It offers the sector a way forward to commit to developing new ways of thinking and working that stem from the lessons learnt during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Originally published in 1987 this textbook is a comprehensive introduction to the rapidly developing field of medical geography. It illustrates the ideas, methods and debates that inform contemporary approaches to the subject, demonstrating the potential of a social and environmental approach to illness and health. The central theme is the need to reject an exclusively biological approach to health. The authors examine both the geography of health care and outline a selection of health service planning initiatives in both North America and Europe.

As the COVID-19 crisis began to take shape, all eyes were on Italy, the first Western country to attempt a response to the deadly pandemic. For institutional decision makers and average citizens alike, it was a time of deep uncertainty. As scientists struggled to understand the nature of the virus and how it spread, the gradualness with which information became available caused only deeper uncertainty, as did the inevitable disagreements over which protective actions the government should put in place. Despite some initial delay in its response, the Italian government eventually implemented a nationwide lockdown, which helped control the spread of the disease but simultaneously created unintended consequences for vulnerable populations, like small business owners, women, the elderly, and workers living paycheck to paycheck. Drawing on data surveys conducted during the transition between the first lockdown and staged reopening, this book examines people's risk perception and their willingness to trust the sources and channels of information that were available to them. It also looks at their attitudes toward the protective behaviors they were asked to adopt and the ways in which their own cultural worldviews impacted their support for pandemic response policies. With remarkable depth and candor, respondents reflected on what a post-COVID-19 Italy might look like, filling out the book with the hopes and fears of real people who had stared death in the face and lived to tell about it. The book looks ahead to possibilities for future research, policy, and practice. COVID-19 in Italy elaborates and tests several aspects of the Protective Action Decision Model (PADM) in the Italian context, introducing the concept of ontological security and insecurity as an explanatory change factor to help interpret the Italian experience of responding to COVID-19.

Viruses and plagues have constantly threatened the survival of humanity since the evolution of modern man. Medical advances, thanks to the application of remedial plants, have helped to fight back against some of the most nefarious bacterial and viral infections, giving humanity a fighting chance. This fourth volume in the Medicinal Plants in the Asia Pacific for Zoonotic Pandemics series provides an unprecedented, comprehensive overview of the pharmacological activity of more than 100 medicinal plants used for the treatment of microbial infections in Asia and the Pacific. The text discusses the actions of such plants against viruses and bacteria representing a threat of epidemic and pandemic diseases, including COVID-19, with an emphasis on the molecular basis and cellular pathways. Scientific names, botanical classifications and descriptions, medicinal uses, and chemical constituents are presented, along with chemical structures and a vast selection of bibliographical references. FEATURES Introduces the molecular mechanism of natural products from medicinal plants in Asia on bacteria and viruses Includes phylogenetic presentations of a selection of medicinal plants and a chemotaxonomical rationale of antiviral and antibacterial actions Discusses the chemical structure-activity relationship, pharmacokinetics, and bioavailability of antimicrobial principles This book is a useful research tool for postgraduates, academics, and the pharmaceutical, herbal, and nutrition industries looking forward to developing antiviral and antibacterial agents from medicinal plants in Asia. Medicinal Plants in the Asia Pacific for Zoonotic Pandemics is a critical reference for anyone involved in the discovery of leads for the treatment of pandemic viral, bacterial, and infections. "This book will be an important resource for scientists, as well as people passionate about helping to save these critical resources. Perhaps a new drug lead will be identified from at least one of these plants." -From the Foreword by Dr. Mark S. Butler, MSBChem Consulting, Brisbane, Australia

Originally published in 1987, this book examines the priorities of health policy in the late 20th Century and the varied approaches or strategies to foster the prevention or control of disease. Several chapters focus on specific diseases and conditions, but other areas of concern such as injuries, alcoholism, drug-abuse, occupational health and nutrition are also dealt with. The book illuminates how epidemiology can serve as a more effective basis for health policy and practice and will be of great value to students and lecturers of medical sociology, epidemiological medicine and health policy.

COVID-19 has brought unprecedented challenges in the care of older adults. During the first surge of the pandemic, governments all over the world struggled with high disease severity and increased mortality among older adults. This work documents the impact of the pandemic by collating information from different countries and by synthesizing inputs from several knowledge domains-Sociology, Gerontology, Geriatrics, Medicine and Public Health. The impact on older adults is examined primarily with respect to three main issues-pervasive ageism, spread of infections in care homes worldwide, and the unintended harm of public health measures on geriatric population in different care settings. The complex tensions between epidemic control and the need to respond to social and economic imperatives are investigated with respect to disadvantaged and vulnerable older adults. The book also critically examines international ageing policies with the intention of identifying gaps in pandemic response in particular, and approaches to older adult care in general. In the light of the evidence presented, lessons are drawn which might improve aged care and strengthen emergency preparedness. Finally, considering the evolving nature of the pandemic, new international responses to older adult care and pandemic management are presented as an epilogue. It is anticipated that the book would help nourish critical thinking and implement new solutions to older care during and beyond the pandemic

Key Features * Explains the background of the COVID-19 pandemic, the current progress in the development of treatments and prevention of COVID-19 including future aspects of dealing with pandemics. * Serves as a timely repository of knowledge on COVID-19 for researchers and medical professionals engaged in its management. * Features the patent aspects of COVID-19.