The first book to provide a social and cultural history of bacteriology in colonial India, situating it at the confluence of colonial medical practices, institutionalization, and social movements. During the nineteenth century, European scientists and physicians considered the tropics the natural home of pathogens. Hot and miasmic, the tropical world was the locus of disease, for Euopeans the great enemy of civilization. Inthe late nineteenth century when bacteriological laboratories and institutions were introduced to British India, they were therefore as much an imperial mission to cleanse and civilize a tropical colony as a medical one to eradicate disease. Bacteriology offered a panacea in colonial India, a way by which the multifarious political, social, environmental, and medical problems and anxieties, intrinsically linked to its diseases, could have a single resolution. Bacteriology in British India is the first book to provide a social and cultural history of bacteriology in colonial India, situating it within the confluence of advances in germ theory, Pastuerian vaccines, colonial medicine, laboratory science, and British imperialism. It recounts the genesis of bacteriology and laboratory medicine in India through a complex history of conflict and alignment between Pasteurism and British imperial medicine. By investigating an array of laboratory notes, medical literature, and literary sources, the volume links colonial medical research with issues of poverty, race, nationalism, and imperial attitudes toward tropical climate andwildlife, contributing to a wide field of scholarship like the history of science and medicine, sociology of science, and cultural history. Pratik Chakrabarti is Chair in History of Science and Medicine, University of Manchester.

**THE SUNDAY TIMES BESTSELLER | BBC RADIO 4 BOOK OF THE WEEK** Preventable tells the extraordinary story of COVID-19 and how global politics shape our health - from a world-leading expert and the pandemic's go-to science communicator Professor Devi Sridhar has risen to prominence for her vital roles in communicating science to the public and speaking truth to power. In Preventable she highlights lessons learned from outbreaks past and present in a narrative that traces the COVID-19 pandemic - including her personal experience as a scientist - and sets out a vision for how we can better protect ourselves from the inevitable health crises to come. In gripping and heartfelt prose, Sridhar exposes the varied realities of those affected (from the jailed doctor in Wuhan who sounded the alarm, and the bored passengers marooned on the Diamond Princess cruise ship, to the daily nightmares of exhausted healthcare workers), and puts you in the room with key decision makers at crucial moments (from over-confident heads of states and their hesitant scientific advisors, to the beleaguered leaders of global health organisations). Sridhar vibrantly conveys the twists and turns of a plot that saw: deadlier variants emerge (contrary to the predictions of social media pundits who argued it would mutate to a milder form); the Pyrrhic victory in many countries of the false narrative of health versus the economy (those countries which controlled the virus, like Taiwan and Denmark, had a steadier recovery); countries with weak health systems like Senegal and Vietnam fare better than countries like the US and UK (which were consistently ranked as the most prepared); and the quickest development of game-changing vaccines in history (and their unfair distribution). Combining science, politics, ethics and economics, this definitive book dissects the global structures that determine our fate, and reveals the deep-seated economic and social inequalities at their heart - it will challenge, outrage and inspire. 'A brutally compelling reminder that if voices like Devi's had been listened to, so many more could have lived' OWEN JONES 'One of the most brilliant scientists in the world who has been proven consistently right in this crisis' PIERS MORGAN 'Excellent . . . Fair, clear and compelling' NICOLA STURGEON 'Those who have found Professor Devi Sridhar's expertise and calm advice invaluable since the arrival of Covid-19 will be glad to know that she has written Preventable' RACHEL COOKE, Guardian, Non-fiction to look out for in 2022

In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic brought the world to its knees. When we weren't sheltering in place, we were advised to wear masks, wash our hands, and practice social distancing. We watched in horror as medical personnel worked around the clock to care for the sick and dying. Businesses were shuttered, travel stopped, workers were furloughed, and markets dropped. And people continued to die. Amid all this uncertainty, writers and artists from around the world continued to create comics, commenting directly on how individuals, societies, governments, and markets reacted to the worldwide crisis. COVID Chronicles: A Comics Anthology collects more than sixty such short comics from a diverse set of creators, including indie powerhouses, mainstream artists, Ignatz and Eisner Award winners, and media cartoonists. In narrative styles ranging from realistic to fantastic, they tell stories about adjusting to working from home, homeschooling their kids, missing birthdays and weddings, and being afraid just to leave the house. They probe the failures of government leaders and the social safety net. They dig into the racial bias and systemic inequities that this pandemic helped bring to light. We see what it's like to get the virus and live to tell about it, or to stand by helplessly as a loved one passes. At times heartbreaking and at others hopeful and humorous, these comics express the anger, anxiety, fear, and bewilderment we feel in the era of COVID-19. Above all, they highlight the power of art and community to help us make sense of a world in crisis, reminding us that we are truly all in this together. The comics in this collection have been generously donated by their creators. A portion of the proceeds from the sale of this volume are being donated by the publisher to the Book Industry Charitable Foundation (Binc) in support of comics shops, bookstores, and their employees who have been adversely affected by the pandemic.

The 20th century has seen improvements in both public health and disease prevention which, in turn, have had a dramatic impact on our lives. Success in preventing infection by vaccination and treating infection with antibiotics led some to believe that infectious disease was a thing of the past. However, the adaptability of pathogens and the emergence of new diseases has presented microbiologists with a fresh set of challenges as we enter the new millennium. While celebrating past successes and highlighting developing problems, this volume aims to address some of the issues facing microbiologists in the future. Covering a wide range of topics, it will provide an invaluable resource for microbiologists and an excellent reference for advanced students.

Presenting the most up-to-date and authoritative reference on the risks and risk-prevention strategies of blood transfusions, Blood Safety and Surveillance compiles a breadth of information on the reactions, immunological complications, and potential for disease transmission related to blood transfusions in a broad context. Combines numerous resources to become the ideal, multifaceted one-stop handbook! Balancing medical concerns with in-depth scientific research, Blood Safety and Surveillance -describes a host of reactions and potential sources of infection in blood transfusions -considers common and rare transmissible diseases around the world, such as the human immunodeficiency, hepatitis, and human T-lymphotropic viruses -reviews parasitic and tickborne diseases, including a description of the transmission of babesiosis -studies alternatives to allogenic blood -examines cost- and time-effective techniques for reducing transfusion risks -elaborates on the latest red blood cell substitutes -targets preventable errors and accidents related to transfusions and the role of public health agencies in monitoring and regulating procedures -and more! Written by nearly 40 expert contributors and containing almost 2000 literature references, tables, drawings, and photographs, Blood Safety and Surveillance immeasurably improves the arsenal of knowledge of hematologists, infectious disease specialists, blood bank personnel, intensive and critical care physicians, internists, public health officials, health care managers, and medical school students in these disciplines.

The enormous genetic flexibility of bacteria jeopardizes the usefulness of currently available antibiotics, and requires new approaches to antibiotic discovery and development. Antimicrobial resistance can be acquired in a short time frame, both by genetic mutation and by direct transfer of resistance genes across genus and species boundaries. Understanding mechanisms of resistance is crucial to the future of antimicrobial therapy. Extensively revised, with contributions from international leaders in their fields, Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobials, Second Edition blends scientific and practical approaches to the social, economic, and medical issues related to this growing problem. The book begins with a history of antimicrobial agents and bacterial resistance, and outlines the forces that contributed to the abuse of antibiotics and precipitated the current crisis. It goes on to describe what is known about the ecology of antibiotic resistant bacteria and reveals the inadequacies in our understanding. Emphasizing public health aspects, the editors stress that significant progress will be made only by addressing the problem only as a public, worldwide, problem. Chapters on resistance mechanisms describe the latest findings on what makes different groups of bacteria susceptible or resistant to antibiotics. They reveal the staggering diversity of bacteria and the need for a foundational understanding that will stimulate development of antibiotics capable of avoiding resistance mechanisms. Examining the success and limitations of complementary approaches, such as combining ss-lactam antibiotics with ss-lactamase inhibitors, the book brings together information on resistance mechanisms in different groups of bacteria to help future efforts to more effectively develop and deploy antimicrobial therapies.

Covid-19 in International Media: Global Pandemic Responses is one of the first books uniting an international team of scholars to investigate how media address critical social, political, and health issues connected to the 2020-21 COVID-19 outbreak. The book evaluates unique civic challenges, responsibilities, and opportunities for media worldwide, exploring pandemic social norms that media promote or discourage, and how media serve as instruments of social control and resistance, or of cooperation and representation. These chapters raise significant questions about the roles mainstream or citizen journalists or netizens play or ought to play, enlightening audiences successfully about scientific information on COVID-19 in a pandemic that magnifies social inequality and unequal access to health care, challenging popular beliefs about health and disease prevention and the role of government while the entire world pays close attention. This book will be of interest to students and faculty of communication studies and journalism, departments of public health, sociology, and social marketing.

This innovative reference explores a wide selection of topics associated with aging, providing a solid understanding of the significance and molecular basis of the aging process and charting the course of future research in the area. Stresses the interplay of mitochondria, mitochondrial DNA, oxidants, and antioxidants! Featuring the research of over 55 experts in the area, Understanding the Process of Aging -covers the functions of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite in mitochondria -integrates several views on the role of mitochondria in the development of apoptosis -gives a quantitative analysis of mutations of mitochondrial DNA during human aging -highlights mitochondrial free radical production -introduces new roles of ubiquinone in mitochondrial functions -offers new antioxidant-based complementary therapeutic strategies -details aspects of intact cells and whole organisms in health and disease -and more! Featuring over 1800 references, tables, drawings, and photographs, Understanding the Process of Aging benefits nutritionists and dieticians, geriatricians, cell and molecular biologists, chemists and biochemists, pharmacologists, biotechnologists, neurologists, cardiologists, oncologists, dermatologists, and graduate and medical school students in these disciplines.

For many residents of Western nations, COVID-19 was the first time they experienced the effects of an uncontrolled epidemic. This is in part due to a series of little-known regulations that have aimed to protect the global north from epidemic threats for the last two centuries, starting with International Sanitary Conferences in 1851 and culminating in the present with the International Health Regulations, which organize epidemic responses through the World Health Organization. Unlike other equity-focused global health initiatives, their mission-to establish "the maximum protections from infectious disease with the minimum effect on trade and traffic"-has remained the same since their founding. Using this as his starting point, Alexandre White reveals the Western capitalist interests, racism and xenophobia, and political power plays underpinning the regulatory efforts that came out of the project to manage the international spread of infectious disease. He examines how these regulations are formatted; how their framers conceive of epidemic spread; and the types of bodies and spaces it is suggested that these regulations map onto. Proposing a modified reinterpretation of Edward Said's concept of orientalism, White invites us to consider "epidemic orientalism" as a framework within which to explore the imperial and colonial roots of modern epidemic disease control.

Proteomics Approaches to Unravel Virus - Vertebrate Host Interactions, Volume 109 in the Advances in Virus Research series, highlights state-of-the art mass spectrometry techniques to elucidate the tight interplay of vertebrate viruses and their host cells. The volume includes chapters on Spatio-temporal resolution of host protein complexes during virus entry, Proteomic approaches to investigate gammaherpesvirus biology and associated tumorigenesis, Applications of Mass Spectrometry Imaging in Virus Research, Mapping surfaceome dynamics during viral infection, Characterization of proteolytic events in virus-host interactions, Dynamic protein network modulation upon viral infection, and much more.

Country of Poxes is the story of land theft in North America through three diseases: syphilis, smallpox and tuberculosis. These infectious diseases reveal that medical care, widely considered a magnanimous cornerstone of the Canadian state, developed in lockstep with colonial control over Indigenous land and life. Pathogens are storytellers of their time. The 500-year-old debate over the origins of syphilis reflects colonial judgments of morality and sexuality that became formally entwined in medicine. Smallpox is notoriously linked with the project of land theft, as colonizers destroyed Indigenous land, economies and life in the name of disease eradication. And tuberculosis, considered the "Indian disease," aroused intense fear of contagion that launched separate systems of care for Indigenous Peoples in a de facto medical apartheid, while white settlers retreated to sanatoria in the Laurentians and Georgian Bay to be cured. In this immersive and deeply reflective book, physician and activist Dr. Baijayanta Mukhopadhyay provides riveting insights into the biological and social relationships of disease and empire. Country of Poxes considers a future of health in Canada that heeds redress and healing for Nations brutalized by the Canadian state.

In his trademark, revolutionary style, Dr. Goldstein uses his model of neural dysregulation to incorporate basic neuroscience research into pathophysiology and treatment. Betrayal by the Brain presents a comprehensive thesis that clearly defines the biological basis for many of the varied symptoms experienced by chronic fatigue syndrome patients. Dr. Goldstein provides a rationale for the use of symptomatic therapies that have worked in many CFS patients. Betrayal by the Brain is a valuable handbook to assist the medical professional in the diagnosis and treatment of the many patients afflicted with this illness. It is of great value to medical professionals as well as academic researchers in psychiatry, biobehavioral sciences, psychoneuroimmunology, and pain management.Dr. Goldstein has added layers of regulation to the limbic system that help further explain limbic dysfunction in neurosomatic disorders, and he suggests novel methods of remediation. Betrayal by the Brain represents integrative thinking and the latest research and discoveries by Dr. Goldstein on neurosomatic disorders--the most common group of illnesses for which patients consult physicians.

This volume covers advances in the field of respiratory diseases, reflecting the recent and dramatic expansion of knowledge regarding the determinants of respiratory health, screening tests for early pulmonary lesions, therapeutic interventions for respiratory infections and strategies for prevention. It examines indoor and outdoor environmental sources of respiratory diseases, including levels of pollutants, air conditioning, indoor air quality and airborne allergens. Exploring ways to promote the respiratory health of both the individual and the community, Prevention of Respiratory Diseases covers areas including: the role of most of the known extrinsic and potentially preventable determinants in respiratory diseases; developments in epidemiology and children's respiratory health; the relationship between respiratory diseases and occupations; individual sensitivity or susceptibility to the effects of air pollutants; genetic, epidemiological and immunological markers, markers for bronchial cancer and the protease-antiprotease system; and the connection between tobacco smoke and respiratory diseases.;This resource is intended for pulmonologists, clinical immunologists and allergists, oncologists, physiologists, infectious disease specialists, respiratory therapists and graduate and medical school students in these disciplines.

In the Psychological Insights for Understanding COVID-19 series, international experts introduce important themes in psychological science that engage with people's unprecedented experience of the pandemic, drawing together chapters as they originally appeared before COVID-19 descended on the world. This book explores how COVID-19 has impacted society, and chapters examine a range of societal issues including leadership and politics, community, social status, welfare, social exclusion and accountability. Addressing the social and psychological processes that structure, and are structured by, our social contexts, it shows not only how groups and individuals can come together to manage global crises, but also how these crises can expose weaknesses in our society. The volume also reflects on how we can work together to rebuild society in the aftermath of the pandemic, by cultivating a shared sense of responsibility through social integration and responsible leadership. Showcasing theory and research on key topics germane to the global pandemic, the Psychological Insights for Understanding COVID-19 series offers thought-provoking reading for professionals, students, academics and policy makers concerned with the psychological consequences of COVID-19 for individuals, families and society.

Advances in Virus Research, Volume 108, in this ongoing series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on topics including Virus infections of the developing brain, Geminivirus assembly, Flavivirus assembly, Cell-cell transmission, Archael virus assembly, Potyvirus assembly, Poxvirus assembly and exit, Mycovirus assembly, Reo/orbivirus assembly and exit, Giant virus assembly, Quasi-enveloped virus assembly/exit, and Betaherpesvirus assembly and exit.

Fourteen brucellosis experts from seven countries discuss the history, epidemiology, microbiology, immunology, diagnosis, treatment, and control of brucellosis in animals and man. Edited by members of the World Health Organization's Expert Committee on Brucellosis, this text is the first comprehensive treatment of the disease since The Nature of Brucellosis by Wesley W. Spink in 1956. Topics reviewed with current references include infection caused by newer species of Brucella, such as B. canis, newer diagnostic techniques, such as radioimmunoassay and ELISA, and newer treatments, such as rifampin and the quinolones. The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of brucellosis is reviewed in depth, correlating the disease in animals with the illness in humans. This volume is extremely useful for clinicians, researchers, and students in medicine, veterinary science, microbiology, immunology, epidemiology, public health, and international health.

The detection and/or isolation and identification of pathogenic microorganisms is critical for the laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases. With growth-dependant methods providing reliable means for identifying pathogens, traditional culturing continues to play an integral role in the detection and characterization of known and "new" microbial pathogens. Microbiologists, therefore, rely on a variety of media for the detection, isolation, characterization, and identification of primary and opportunistic microbial pathogens.

The Handbook of Media for Clinical and Public Health Microbiology provides a compilation of the formulations, methods of preparation, and applications for media used in clinical and public health microbiology laboratories. It is a significant update to the "Handbook of Media for Clinical Microbiology," expanding the coverage to media used for public health epidemiological investigations of disease outbreaks and including media used for the detection of pathogens in foods and environmental samples. Comprising both classic and modern media, the handbook describes almost 1,800 types of media, listed alphabetically, including new media for the cultivation of emerging bacteria, fungi, and viruses that are causing major medical problems around the world. Examples of emerging pathogens are extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria, "Escherichia coli "O157: H7, methicillin-resistant "Staphylococcus aureus "(MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and carbapenem-resistant "Enterobacteriaceae "(CRE). Many of the new media contain chromogenic or fluorogenic substrates that permit rapid detection of specific pathogens.
The handbook s format allows easy reference to information needed to prepare media for cultivating clinically relevant microorganisms. It also contains descriptions of expected results for organisms that are important for the examination of foods, water, and other specimens of public health significance as well as clinical specimens.

Understanding Public Health is an innovative series published by Open University Press in collaboration with the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, where it is used as a key learning resource for postgraduate programmes. It provides self-directed learning covering the major issues in public health affecting low-, middle- and high-income countries. Communicable diseases are ever present in the world today. Social and economic issues like poverty, access to essential vaccinations and lack of substantive healthcare systems contribute to mortality rates alongside epidemiological factors like portals of entry and bacterial sources. This public health textbook, in exploring the causes and conditions of communicable diseases like ebola and malaria, clearly outlines communicable disease control and prevention measures as well as how to apply these measures effectively in different contexts and populations around the world. The result is an engaging and insightful textbook that encourages readers to apply their learning of communicable disease control to diverse applied settings through case studies and activities. It is balanced in its approach, discussing infections and their incidence alongside the means of prevention and the vital conditions for effective response in outbreak situations. Applied Communicable Disease Control is key reading for all those working in, or studying, public health and epidemiology. Series Editors: Rosalind Plowman and Nicki Thorogood.

Immunopathology, Volume 107 in the Advances in Virus Research series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors. Viral Immunopathology will cover how the immune system, innate or adaptive, is often at the root of viral pathogenesis. This is true in diverse host systems including vertebrates, plants and insects. This volume will present the latest findings in this interesting and important area of research, and will include human, plant, fish, and insect viruses. Different kingdoms have evolved very diverse immune responses to virus infection but the common theme - namely, that effects of viruses on host immune systems can condition the induction of viral disease - will unify this concept across kingdoms.

Proposes the pragmatic changes we must make to survive COVID and the worst of the new diseases on the horizon The Trump administration's neglect and incompetence helped put half-a-million Americans in the ground, dead from COVID-19. Joe Biden was elected president in part on the promise of setting us on a science-driven course correction, but, a little more than a year later, another half-a-million Americans were killed by the virus. What happened? In The Fault in Our SARS, evolutionary epidemiologist Rob Wallace catalogs the Biden administration's failures in controlling the outbreak. He also shows that, beyond matters of specific political persona or party, it was a decades-long structural decline associated with putting profits ahead of people that gutted U.S. public health. COVID-19 isn't just an American tragedy. Each in its own way, countries around the world following the "profit-first" model failed their people. Global vaccination campaigns were bottled up by efforts to protect pharmaceutical companies' intellectual property rights. Economies were treated as somehow more real than the people and ecologies upon which they depend. Frustrated populations pushed back against lockdowns, abuses of governmental trust, and, fair or not, the very concept of public health. A social rot meanwhile wended its way into the heart of the sciences that, tasked with controlling disease, serve the systems that helped bring about COVID-19 in the first place. In The Fault in Our SARS, Wallace and an array of invited contributors aim to strip down the capitalist social psychology that in effect protected the SARS virus. The team proposes instead new approaches in health and ecology that appeal both to humanity's highest ideals and the pragmatic changes we must make to survive COVID and the worst of the new diseases on the horizon.

Advances in Virus Research serial highlights new advances in the field with this new volume presenting interesting chapters. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors.

The newest edition of the critically acclaimed Outpatient Management of HIV Infection presents a complete global examination of the complications, diagnoses, and management of HIV infections. The latest treatment strategies recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are presented to guide health professionals involved in the care and treatment of HIV and high risk patients. This comprehensive guide informs specialists working in the field of the most recent developments in: * the global epidemic of HIV/AIDS * strategies for resource-deprived areas such as Africa and Asia * expansion and routinization of HIV testing in the US * the aging HIV-infected population, and the medical, social, and related issues that confront them and their healthcare providers * care of the active injection drug-using patient * co-infection in patients with tuberculosis or viral hepatitis * emerging complications of HIV infections and their corresponding diagnostic and treatment guidelines * strategies for developing an interdisciplinary HIV care team * user-friendly drug dosage tables, including side effects, indications, and drug interactions The book is a compendium of successful strategies used by clinicians across the globe.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic - at the interlocking levels of politics, economy, and society - have been different across regions, states, and societies. In the case of the Middle East and North Africa, which was already in the throes of intense tumult following the onset of the 2011 Arab Spring, COVID's blows have on the one hand followed the trajectory of some global patterns, while at the same time playing out in regionally specific ways. Based on empirical country-level analysis, this volume brings together an international team of contributors seeking to untangle how COVID-19 unfolds across the MENA. The analyses are framed through a contextual adaptation of Ulrich Beck's famous concept of "risk society" that pinpointed the negative consequences of modernity and its unbridled capitalism. The book traces how this has come home in full force in the COVID-19 pandemic. The editors, Larbi Sadiki and Layla Saleh, use the term "Arab risk society". They highlight short-term and long-term repercussions across the MENA. These include socio-economic inequality, a revitalized state of authoritarianism challenged by relentless democratic struggles. But the analyses are attuned to problem-solving research. The "ethnographies of the pandemic" included in this book investigate transformations and coping mechanisms within each country case study. They provide an ethically-informed research praxis that can respond to the manifold crises crashing down upon MENA polities and societies

Since the identification of the first cases of the coronavirus in December 2019, there has been a significant amount of confusion regarding the origin and spread of the so-called 'coronavirus', SARS-CoV-2, and the cause of the disease COVID-19. Conflicting messages from the media and officials across different countries and organizations, the abundance of disparate sources of information, unfounded conspiracy theories on the origins of the virus, unproven therapies, and inconsistent public health measures, have all served to increase anxiety in the population. Where did the virus come from? How is it transmitted? How does it cause disease? Is it like flu? What is a pandemic? In this concise and accessible introduction, a leading expert provides answers to these commonly asked questions. This revised and updated edition now also covers how the virus mutates, how important these mutations are, how vaccines work, and what we can expect in the near and long-term future.

In 2020 we lost Noel Rose, co-editor of the classic Infection and Autoimmunity. To honor and respect his work, a group of experts in the field have taken the initiative to make this book perpetual. The third edition of Infection and Autoimmunity updates all the recent and leading papers on infection and autoimmunity, in addition to a dedicated section on to the correlation between SARS-CoV-2 infection and autoimmunity. From the very beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous papers have been published, including studies conducted by the editors and authors of the book, on COVID-19 and autoimmunity, and therefore this knowledge has been incorporated into this new edition. The addition and extended coverage on SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and autoimmunity are pivotal for the third edition of the book due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Medical students and practitioners, as well as academic staff in medical schools globally, are enthusiastic in searching for better understanding of the correlation between infection and autoimmunity in general, and the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 on the immunce system in particular, especially in terms of autoimmunity related to the virus.