Leibniz (1646 - 1716) was a true polymath and has been called the most comprehensive thinker since Aristotle. In these two great works by the founder of modern German speculative philosophy, the reader is introduced to Leibniz's metaphysics, including his conception of physical substance, the motion and resistance of bodies, and the role of the divine within the dynamic universe.

Humanity reaps the many advantages of science while bemoaning the frequent misapplications and abuses of modern technology. Yet far too many of us admit to possessing little if any real knowledge of what scientists actually do, why they do it, or whether they should be otherwise occupied in more productive pursuits. Nonscientists need to appreciate the nature, purpose, and goals of science. Conversely, the narrow focus of many science enthusiasts fails to recognize that science cannot help but interact with sources of knowledge beyond its realm, placing scientific endeavors within a swirling caldron of competing knowledge claims. In Understanding Science noted author and researcher Arthur N. Strahler, whose career in science spans more than half a century, fills this double void by offering insights into both the philosophy and the sociology of science. Part One presents a basic outline of the concepts and issues that have occupied scientists for years: the Nature of Science: Laws, Explanations, Theories, and Hypotheses; Prediction, Testing, Corroboration, and Falsification; the Complex/Historical Sciences; Determinism, Randomness, Chaos, and Quantum Mechanics; the New Philosophy of Science; and Pseudoscience, both specific cases and the phenomenon in general. Part Two concentrates on science as it interacts with and is distinguished from other knowledge fields. Here readers begin to see the religious, political, cultural, and social forces within which science developed and out of which it carved its special identity: the Major Classes of Knowledge; the Nature and Place of Logic and Mathematics; Religion and the God Concept; Ethics, Aesthetics, and Ideologies; How Science Impacts theReligious/Ethical Systems; and Is Creationism Religion or Pseudoscience? Unless each of us is willing to set aside our respective fears to gain a better understanding of what science is and how it can be carefully distinguished from other types of beliefs and claims, the ignorance, confusion, and distortion that has tainted society's view of science will remain a fundamental obstacle to gaining the knowledge that will help us solve pressing problems of daily life. Understanding Science offers new hope that this goal is within reach.

This book studies the organizational influences on judicial discretion within Adjudicative Committee (AC) proceedings in China. It argues that institutional reforms and practice have mainly reduced judicial discretion within AC proceedings through the rationalization of organizational processes. This central argument will be of particular interest to the readers, as previous studies offer little insight into the overall impacts of judicial institution reforms. This book is the first that uses the bounded rationality theory developed in economics and related disciplines to formulate an analytic framework for a systematic and comprehensive examination of the impacts of organizational factors on discretion within Adjudicative Committees' decision-making processes. Readers will gain a practical and fresh understanding of the Chinese judicial reforms.

Professor H James Birx shows how the never-ending controversy of human evolution came to be. He details the events that caused thinkers like Charles Darwin to develop his theory of evolution, and what ideas caused some people to reconcile a somewhat mystical theology with a concrete model of the universe. He tells you how Darwin's work infuriated everybody from "God-fearing" Christians to the church hierarchies. Birx explains how scientific advances and philosophical arguments have made beliefs about divine intervention as the origin of man a moot point. He shows how creationism ignores proven scientific facts, and how human evolution remains a much sounder truth. You will read how some western religions are starting to accept evolution as the process which creates life on earth. You will also learn why scientific evolution and creationism have not been accepted together and how bold attempts to merge the two ideas have failed miserably.

Although Canada is regarded as one of the least corrupt countries, this volume draws on wide ranging evidence and innovative research from scholars around the world to challenge this assumption. Corruption, defined as the "abuse of entrusted power for private gain," is often understood as being caused by internally motivated greed leading to prohibited acts in contravention of laws, rules and regulations. It can also be defined as "dishonest action that destroys people's trust." These traditional forms of corruption pose problems for Canada in a variety of policy domains, as well as "institutional corruption" evidenced by deception and financial inconsistency that undermine the effectiveness and transparency of policy objectives. This volume contains chapters that investigate various areas of corruption in Canada, ranging from corruption amongst the First Nations, to the armed forces, to the delivery of foreign assistance. It also offers suggestions to reduce future outbreaks of corruption. Each chapter provides detailed empirical analysis evidenced through real world examples that highlight key lessons amidst the numerous challenges posed by corruption. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Canadian Foreign Policy Journal.

Revise with the help of the UK’s bestselling law revision series. Designed for students, this book will help you: Understand how to review essential cases, statutes, and legal terms Learn how to assess and approach the subject by using expert advice Learn how to lead further discussions Find additional support on our Law Express companion website, which contains a host of extra resources to provide you with pre-exam guidance.   Visit go.pearson.com/uk/lawexpress     Judith Tillson was a Senior Lecturer in Contract and Commercial Law at Staffordshire University.  

Article 1, Section 10 contains the most significant limits on state power found in the main text of the U.S. Constitution. Chief Justice John Marshall, perhaps the most important Justice in U.S. history, used this provision a number of times in a number of significant decisions to limit state power. These decisions effectively enhanced the power of our new federalist form of government. This book delves into the modern issues pertaining to state limitations by tracing its history and looking at today's most important factors. This work makes a valuable contribution to the understanding of the U.S. Constitution by detailing the most significant limits on state power. The many provisions studied in the book provide insights into the various aspects of constitutional interpretation. Coverage includes: ex post facto laws; prohibition against bills of attainder; the import export clause; the Dormant Commerce Clause; and limits on a state's ability to retroactively impair contracts.

Teachers make a difference. As someone who grew up in one of the po- est and rural areas of a poor state and ended up attending elite graduate and professional schools, I have much to credit my public school teachers. My teachers sure struggled much to teach an amazingly wide variety of students from different backgrounds, abilities, and hopes. Given that re- ity, which undoubtedly repeats itself across the United States and globe, one would think that I should be quite hesitant to criticize a system that produces countless grateful students and productive citizens. I agree. The pages that follow surely can be perceived as yet another attack on already much maligned schools that do produce impressive outcomes despite their limited resources, increased obligations, and the sustained barrage of attacks from competing interest groups. Some may even view the text as an affront to the inalienable rights of parents to raise their children as they see fit. Others surely could understand the analysis as another assault on our decentralized legal and school systems that should retain the right to balance the needs of communities, parents, schools, and students. I clearly did not intend, and do not see the ultimate result, as yet another diatribe on the manner teachers, parents and communities treat students.

Women's needs are placed at the centre of this collection. The contributors discuss the extent to which the contemporary legal framework on abortion matches the needs of women faced with unwanted pregnancy. The book contains sections on Britain, including an account of the campaign to legalize abortion, written by those centrally involved with that campaign; international comparisons of abortion law, with chapters on France, the United States, Ireland and Poland; and chapters covering contemporary debates, including men's rights in abortion and abortion for foetal abnormality.

This up-to-date analysis of the Supreme Court's landmark rulings on civil rights and liberties is a discussion of the facts, legal issues, and constitutional questions surrounding those rulings. Domino's text serves as either a core text in courses on civil liberties and civil rights, or as a supplementary text in courses on constitutional law and the judiciary. The book is written in the belief that the key to understanding constitutional law is not having the right answers but asking the right questions. It encourages students to be critical thinkers and provides a historical context so students can better understand competing social, legal, and political interests affecting the Supreme Court's decisions today. The text also includes numerous short excerpts from some of the more influential, eloquent, and controversial Supreme Court opinions to illustrate the handiwork of the powerful legal minds who have helped to shape our society. It reminds us that "the Court" is not an abstract legal mechanism, but rather a group of human beings with divergent opinions.

The first anthology to collect essays focusing on the legal rights of women of color around the world Global Critical Race Feminism is the first anthology to focus explicitly on the legal rights of women of color around the world. Containing nearly thirty essays, the book addresses such topical themes as responses to white feminism; the flashpoint issue of female genital mutilation; the intersections of international law with U.S. law; "Third World" women in the "First World;" violence against women; and the global workplace. Broadly representative, the reader addresses the role and status-legal and otherwise-of women in such countries as Cuba, New Zealand, France, Serbia, Nicaragua, Colombia, South Africa, Japan, China, Australia, Ghana, and many others. Authors include: Aziza al-Hibri, Penelope Andrews, Taimie Bryant, Devon Carbado, Mai Chen, Brenda Cossman, Lisa Crooms, Mary Dudziak, Isabelle Gunning, Anna Han, Berta Hernandez, Laura Ho, Sharon Hom, Rosemary King, Kiyoko Knapp, Hope Lewis, Martha Morgan, Zorica Mrsevic, Vasuki Nesiah, Leslye Obiora, Gaby Ore-Aguilar, Catherine Powell, Jenny Rivera, Celina Romany, Judy Scales-Trent, Antoinette Sedillo Lopez, J. Clay Smith, and Leti Volpp.

The consensus from a number of recent reports is that the majority of law firms will again see flat revenue growth in 2017. With external spending down, new legal service providers entering the market, and clients demanding more effective and efficient services, probably the only thing we can predict with any certainty is that competition will only get tougher. So, how do firms break out of the pack and put themselves in a position to enjoy sustained success? How to Become the Firm of Choice provides the answer: firms have to make an explicit decision to become "the firm of choice" in their chosen markets. And, in doing so, they must move their operations to the next level. This means: *Analysing and improving every aspect of the firm's operations *Ensuring all of the firm's internal operations and processes are aligned with what the firm needs to do to be successful in its markets *Maintaining an absolute commitment to being the best and a refusal to accept the status quo; and, crucially *Being one-step better than the competition Taking a fictional law firm as an example, the book examines in detail five main drivers of professional service firm performance: *Markets *Clients *People *Financial and *Underpinning beliefs Through models, matrices, and examples based on the authors' extensive experience advising leaders of professional service firms around the world, How to Become the Firm of Choice shows just how this can be achieved in today's competitive market. It explains the questions firms need to ask, and the challenges they need to overcome, in each area in order to improve each aspect - and take the firm to the next level. "It is very difficult to know how to bring about performance change in a professional service firm when either the professionals often think they know best or they don't like change. This very useful guide demonstrates not only how to do it, but also how to persuade others it's a good idea. It is easy to read with useful appendices, which you can use to apply to your own situation. So, if you want to bring about performance change, you should definitely give it a go." Nick Page, Chairman, Bond Dickinson LLP, UK

Effectively implementing project management has become a key ambition for many firms across the world. The interest project management has garnered from the legal sector is not surprising; the range of benefits it offers are extensive and impactful; including reducing costs, enabling more efficient commodity work, and creating more accurate budgeting forecasts. However, despite the general consensus on its value, adoption rates have been slow across the sector - only a handful of top firms have successfully implemented LPM into their practices, and are reaping the benefits. The slow adoption rates create a real opening for a competitive advantage through Legal Project Management, even at a basic starting level, as according to Jim Hassett even "glacial progress can produce new business when you are competing with firms that are making no progress at all". Featuring expert analysis on the form and function of LPM from leading industry experts, and case studies from top law firms on effective implementation and take-up, this title offers a robust overview of project management functions in the legal sector.

This study examines contemporary questions surrounding the process by which the U.S. Constitution can be amended. Beginning with a description of the mechanism and history of the constitutional amending process in America, the work considers five major questions surrounding the amending process. The question of justiciability: whether the courts should have authority to settle amending issues or whether they are political questions beyond the court's purview. The question of standards: what standards of review should be used. The question of safety: the safety of invoking the constitutional convention mechanism. The question of exclusivity: whether there are legal means of changing the Constitution short of Article V. And the question of limitations: whether there are any unstated constitutional limits on the amending process.

KM has been accepted as an integral practice for most organizations - however many are still, understandably, cautious of the investments they make in the current financial environment following the economic downturn. `The measurement of knowledge value is difficult. It is specific to time, context, and the perception of what it is that constitutes a knowledge asset.' - David Griffiths Measuring the ROI of Knowledge Management 2nd edition aims to explore how leading industry experts prove the value of their KM initiatives and justify investing in them. From outlining the best methods of quantifying the return from KM, to discussing the limitations of an ROI-focused approach, this book looks to present an all-encompassing view of how to best tackle this this matter that is rife with guesswork and uncertainty. Measuring the ROI of Knowledge Management covers topics including: + Understanding the knowledge economy + Knowledge management business case arguments + Using a Knowledge Audit as the basis for determining and driving the ROI of Knowledge Management + The application of Artificial Intelligence to support the value of organizational knowledge and assist the knowledge ROI + Measurement of KM projects - A practical guide for busy people + Believing in organizational progress using data and anecdotes (C6) + The case against ROI for knowledge management + Winning the war by avoiding the battles - Focusing on the I in ROI + An ecological approach to understanding impact in knowledge management practice Measuring the ROI of Knowledge Management brings together the sought-after advice of a wide variety of experts including Stan Garfield, Andrew Gent, David Griffiths, James Gunn, Tim Hawley, John Hovell, James Loft, Helene Russell, and Professor Dave Snowden who provide tools, tips, pragmatic guidance and best courses of action for any organization looking to prove the value of their KM efforts.

Why has the federal government played an ever-expanding role in our educational system? What controversial political and social issues led to the enactment of landmark education laws by the U.S. Congress? Have you considered the impact of some of the most important federal education laws--the G.I. Bill of Rights, college loan programs, funding of black colleges, school lunch programs, creation of Head Start, special education programs, bilingual education, and equal funding for girls' athletics? This unique reference work provides an explanation and discussion of each landmark law followed by the actual text of key passages of the law, which have been carefully edited for students. Nineteen landmark laws are covered, from the Land Ordinance of 1785, which set aside land in the western territories for the creation of schools, to Goals 2000: Educate America Act, Bill Clinton's ambitious agenda for student education by the year 2000.

The entry on each landmark law consists of the following sections: a discussion of the intent and purpose of the legislation; a summary of the substance of the law, including an explanation of difficult-to-understand terms and concepts; an examination of the politics and legislative history of the act; a summary of the impact of the law; the actual text of key passages of the law. The laws are organized chronologically. An introductory overview of the federal government's role in education, followed by a detailed timeline of milestones in the history of U.S. education, places the topic in historical context.

Volume 22 of "Studies in Law, Politics and Society" presents a diverse array of articles by an interdisciplinary and international group of scholars. Their work spans the social sciences, humanities, and law, and examines the law's violence, law in literature and film, family life and family policy, and new perspectives in sociolegal theory. Together these articles demonstrate the work being done in interdisciplinary legal scholarship.

Improvement of man's genetic endowment by direct ac tions aimed at striving for the positive propagation of those with a superior genetic profile (an element of which is commonly recognized as a high intelligence quotient) or-conversely-delimitation of those with negative genetic inheritance has always remained a pri mary concern of the geneticist and the social engineer. Genetic integrity, eugenic advancement, and a strong genetic pool designed to eliminate illness and suffering have been the benchmarks of the "Genetic Movement" and the challenge of Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four. If the quality of life can in some way be either im proved or advanced by use of the law, then this policy must be developed and pursued. No longer does the Dostoyevskian quest to give life meaning through suf fering become an inescapable given. By and through the development and application of new scientific advances in the field of genetics (and especially genetic engi neering), the real potential exists to prevent, to a very vii Preface viii real extent, most human suffering before it ever mani fests itself in or through life. Freedom to undertake re search in the exciting and fertile frontiers of the "New Biology" and to master the Genetic Code must be nur tured and maintained. The search for the truth inevi tably prevents intellectual, social, and economic stag nation, as well as-ideally-frees all from anxiety and fright. Yet, there is a very real potential for this quest to confuse and confound."

Heinz Hartmann, a young, ambitious medical student, had fulfilled all the requirements for his degree in medicine except one - Aryan descent. As a Jew in the Germany of the 1930's, Hartmann saw his professors flee the country or be shipped off to concentration camps, Jewish-owned stores and homes looted and vandalised, and musicians forbidden to play music by Jewish composers. Because Hartmann was not allowed to graduate from a German medical school, he earned his M.D. degree at the University of Berne in Switzerland. But he later returned to Germany to marry Herta, a young nurse. Two weeks after the wedding, Hartmann and scores of other Jewish men were rounded up, loaded on to trains, and sent to Buchenwald. Hartmann was one of the more fortunate prisoners of the Nazis. In 1939, he was released from the camp and undertook the complicated, expensive, and dangerous procedures necessary to free his wife and himself from Germany to go to the United States. He then began his long and distinguished career as a general practitioner and his unending search for the meaning of Judaism. In "Once a Doctor, Always a Doctor", the author tells of the struggles, tragedies, and joys of his life with a spirit of innocence and good-heartedness. His narrative is filled with poignant, sometimes simple, often warm and funny stories about his early medical practice, his family life, the similarities and differences he has discovered between various religions, and the 'missionaries' who have tried to convert him. This book enlightens, delights, and inspires. It is the story of a sensitive, compassionate man - a doctor who has spent his life caring for the sick and healing the scars left by the Nazis.

This work explores the philosophy, actions, and policies of the Interstate Commerce Commission by focusing on the development of its railroad regulation practices, particularly since 1976. Richard Stone traces the radical change in the ICC's view of the rail industry, from the maximum control it exercised for many years through the unilateral deregulation that was begun in 1978. He considers the forces and pressures that contributed to the Commission's actions, including Congress, the president, the railroads, rail shippers, and academicians.

The book begins with two chapters that survey the history of the ICC and rail regulation through the mid-1970s. Stone then turns to the events of 1976, when the seeds of deregulation were sown with the election of Jimmy Carter and the passage of the Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform (4R) Act. Subsequent chapters cover the years between the 4R Act and the Staggers Act, which were characterized by the Commission's changing attitude toward rail regulation; the background and provisions of the 1980 Staggers Act and the events that followed it; and the recent events and changes in philosophy that have taken place at the ICC with regard to the rail industry. This study, the first to be published on the ICC since 1976, follows that body's transformation from a powerful independent commission to a much smaller and less influential institution. The work will be a valuable resource for students of public policy, transportation studies, and political science.

Integrating behavioral, psychoanalytic, and biological perspectives into a unique multi-modal approach, the authors present a new diagnostic and treatment methodology which is flexible enough to account for individual variations in sexually perverse disorders. Alongside this methodology, they highlight the key issues concerning these disorders to provide the general practicing clinician with a practical guide for treating the sexually deviant patient.

In today's modern, techno-centric world with its endless endless supply of data, and the multitude of ways to collect and utilize it, Intelligence has become the best tool for law firms when it comes to understanding client needs, offering quality value-oriented services, and garnering and retaining business. Ark Group's new report Strategic Intelligence for Law Firms offers a robust overview of how, and why, strategic use of intelligence can foster real results in your firm. Featuring advice and case studies from experts in business development; analytics; and the ABC of artificial, business, and competitive intelligence, Strategic Intelligence for Law Firms covers topics including: - Client success through better intelligence - Why client intelligence is (or should be) the new CI for law firms - Balancing pricing and client perceptions of value - Utilizing multiple intelligence sources to create an opportunity scoring assessment - Developing a CI function in a resource-constrained environment - Compiling a useful and user-friendly competitive intelligence report - Design, Thinking, and the why of BI - Using software to increase access to legal services - The evolution from business intelligence to artificial intelligence With insight, opinion, and practical working knowledge from the likes of Mark Medice and Jennifer Roberts Intapp, Zena Applebaum, Bennett Jones LLP, Peter Lane-Secor, Pepper Hamilton LLP, Patrick Fuller, Neota Logic Inc., Annie Johnson, Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman, Mark A. Gediman, Best Best & Krieger, Ed Walters and Jeffrey Asjes, Fast Case, Joanna Goodman, Law Society Gazette and The Guardian and John Alber, ILTA Strategic Intelligence for Law Firms will help all law firm leaders establish a flexible intelligence strategy that will address the current and future strategic needs of the firm.