This volume presents a comprehensive overview of multimodal approaches to curriculum and programmatic implementation across a diverse range of teaching environments and across geographic and cultural boundaries. Featuring contributions from scholars within and across both disciplines, the book examines the ways in which new technologies link to expanding definitions of literacy and, building on this, how multimodal approaches might most effectively address the unique opportunities and challenges instructors face in contemporary classrooms and professional development programs. Chapters draw on case studies from both existing scholarship and findings from the authors' own experiences in practice, including examples from writing, rhetoric, and composition courses, open online learning courses, and interdisciplinary faculty training programs. The final section of the book showcases how the conversation might be further extended to address increasingly multilingual classrooms by exploring how multimodality has been implemented in transnational settings. Engaging with key questions at the intersection of programmatic and curricular development and multimodal studies, this book is a fundamental resource for graduate students and scholars in multimodality, rhetoric studies, language education, applied linguistics, and communication studies.

In his latest book, Gunther Kress explores how children learn to spell in the context of concerns about early literacy. Using numerous examples of children's writings and drawings, the book looks at children as "makers of meaning" and explores their earliest ventures into writing. It covers problems such as dyslexia and looks at the impact of multimedia on the processes of learning to spell. Technological aids such as spell-checkers and the effects of the increasing visualization (computer, TV, film) of communication on spelling/ writing are also discussed.

"Reading-Writing Connections: From Theory to Practice" is an extraordinary language arts methods text that enables elementary and middle school teachers to create classroom environments where all students can become lifelong readers and writers. Focusing on developmentally appropriate methods and materials, this remarkably readable book empowers a new generation of teachers to integrate reading, writing, listening, and speaking in K-8 classrooms. Heller's highly accessible writing style makes this book suitable as a primary text for undergraduate and graduate courses in language arts, reading, writing, and literacy.
Special features of this second edition include:
* a vision of how to transform cutting-edge theory and research into classroom practice that utilizes integrated language arts instruction;
*a unique developmental perspective with separate chapters on teaching methods and materials for kindergarten, primary (1-3), intermediate (4-6), and middle grades (7-8);
* instructional guidelines that offer generous, detailed suggestions for applying theory to practice, plus "For You to Try" and "For Your Journal" exercises that encourage critical thinking and reflection; and
* a wealth of classroom vignettes, examples of students' oral and written language, illustrations, and figures that accentuate interesting and informative theory, research, and practice.
In addition, "Reading-Writing Connections" offers expanded content on the impact of sociocultural theory and the whole language movement on the teaching of reading and writing across the curriculum; greater emphasis on cultural diversity, including new multicultural children's literature booklists that complement the general children's literature bibliographies; and current information on alternative assessment, emerging technologies, the multiage classroom, reader response to literature, and thematic teaching.

Series Information:
Outstanding Dissertations in Linguistics

Writing: Texts, Processes and Practices offers an innovative and multidisciplinary approach to writing in a variety of academic and professional settings. The book is composed of a series of original research-based accounts by leading authorities from a range of disciplines. The papers are linked through a unifying perspective which emphasises the role of cultural and institutional practices in the construction and interpretation of written texts. This important new book integrates different approaches to text analysis, different perspectives on writing processes, and the different methodologies used to research written texts. Throughout,an explicit link is made between research and practice illustrated with reference to a number of case studies drawn from professional and classroom contexts. The book will be of considerable interest to those concerned with professional or academic writing and will be of particular value to students and lecturers in applied linguistics, communication studies, discourse analysis, and professional communications training. The contributors to this volume are: Robert J. Barrett Vijay K. Bhatia Christopher N. Candlin Yu-Ying Chang Sandra Gollin Ken Hyland Roz Ivanic Mary R. Lea Ian G. Malcolm John Milton Greg Myers Guenter A. Plum Brian Street John M. Swales Sue Weldon Patricia Wright

The debates surrounding "Standard English", grammar and correctness are as intense in the late 1990s as ever and extend far beyond an academic context. This text draws together international scholars who confront the issues head on. Current debates about the teaching of English in the school curriculum and more general concerns about declining standards of English are placed in an historical, social and international context. It includes: tracing the notion of "Standard English" from its roots in the practices of late-17th century grammarians, through succeeding centuries to the present day; an exploration of the definitions of "Standard English", with particular attention paid to distinctions between spoken and written English; a demonstration that "Standard English" is viewed very differently in the US, the text reveals how it is used as a marker for different forms of social discrimination, and draws on similar issues such as the English Only movement and Ebonics.

Analysing Talk in Educational Research is the go-to guide for all educational researchers collecting data in the form of talk. Offering practical and helpful approaches alongside explanations of relevant theories, it is a thorough yet concise guidebook providing all the advice necessary to effectively analyse talk data. Examining talk analysis through the lens of three theoretical approaches - Systemic Functional Linguistics, Positioning Theory and Interpersonal Behaviour Theory - the book offers detailed summaries and analyses of these theories and also covers topics including: How to begin collecting talk data The ethical issues surrounding collecting talk data Appropriate strategies for transcription and coding Checking for trustworthiness and credibility of talk data. Each chapter includes provocation exercises and illustrative examples, as well as links to websites and further reading suggestions to deepen understanding. Guiding readers from the necessary practical considerations required during data collection through to final evaluations, Analysing Talk in Educational Research is essential reading for graduate students and academic researchers completing studies involving talk and looking for a quick and helpful introduction to the rigorous methods with which to analyse their data.

The Routledge Handbook of Contemporary English Pronunciation provides a comprehensive survey of this field covering both theoretical and practical perspectives on pronunciation. In 35 chapters contributed by leading scholars from around the world, this Handbook examines: linguistic and historical background of sound systems and theoretical issues linked to sound changes; pronunciation acquisition and factors related to speech production; pronunciation research and applications to second language pronunciation; the link between pronunciation and other language skills including perception and other socio-cultural factors; pronunciation and its relation to World Englishes. The Routledge Handbook of Contemporary English Pronunciation will be essential reading for anyone with an interest in pronunciation.

Using language to date the origin and spread of food production, Archaeology and Language II represents groundbreaking work in synthesizing two disciplines that are now seen as interlinked: linguistics and archaeology. This volume is the second part of a three-part survey of innovative results emerging from their combination. Archaeology and historical linguistics have largely pursued separate tracks until recently, although their goals can be very similar. While there is a new awareness that these disciplines can be used to complement one another, both rigorous methodological awareness and detailed case-studies are still lacking in the literature. This three-part survey is the first study to address this. Archaeology and Language II examines in some detail how archaeological data can be interpreted through linguistic hypotheses. This collection demonstrates the possibility that, where archaeological sequences are reasonably well-known, they might be tied into evidence of language diversification and thus produce absolute chronologies. Where there is evidence for migrations and expansions these can be explored through both disciplines to produce a richer interpretation of prehistory. An important part of this is the origin and spread of food production which can be modelled through the spread of both plants and words for them. Archaeology and Language II will be of interest to researchers in linguistics, archaeologists and anthropologists.

Back Cover
Applied Linguistics and Language Study Series
General Editor: Christopher N. Candlin,
Christopher N. Candlin, Chair Professor of Applied Linguistics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Since it was first established in the 1970s the Applied Linguistics and Language Study series has become a major force in the study of practical problems in human communication and language education. Drawing extensively on empirical research and theoretical work in linguistics, sociology, psychology and education, the series explores key issues in language acquisition and language use.
Reading in a Second Language sets the testing and teaching of reading against a theoretical background, discussing research from both applied linguistics and cognitive psychology. Where possible, it focuses on research into second language readers and distinguishes different kinds of reading, particularly expeditious as opposed to careful reading, and emphasizes the validity of each.
Sandy Urquhart and Cyril Weir relate testing and teaching, discussing similarities and differences, providing a comprehensive survey of both methods with the emphasis on those which have been substantiated or supported by research evidence. Finally, the book proposes specific research topics, and detailed advice on how to construct tests of language for academic purposes and suggestions for further research.
The book is intended for teachers, testers, advanced students and researchers into reading in a second language and will also be useful to teacher trainers, inservice trainees, experienced teachers and textbook writers.

This book presents an insightful account of the academic politics of the Nazi era and analyses the work of selected linguists, including Jos Trier and Leo Weisgerber. Hutton situates Nazi linguistics within the politics of Hitler's state and within the history of modern linguistics.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203021010

"Language Policy in Schools" provides school administrators and teachers a practical approach for designing a language policy for their school and for dealing with the language issues that confront schools, particularly those operating in settings of linguistic and cultural diversity. It can be used as a text in teacher and administrator preparation programs, graduate programs, and in-service and professional development programs. Special features include:
* a clear, jargon-free writing style that invites careful reading;
* abundant examples that students of education everywhere can learn from--including samples of school language policies developed for real schools by real teacher-researchers;
* questions at the end of each chapter to highlight key points and stimulate informed discussion among pre-service and experienced teachers and administrators; and
* an up-to-date international and cross-cultural biography.

Changes to the primary curriculum over recent years have widened choice for all, yet the current wave of thinking seems determined to retreat 'back to basics'. This vibrant volume examines the many ways in which history can include and complement the teaching of English, to the greater benefit of both.
Enthusiastic practitioners explain how lively classroom activities can influence the level of children's literacy, which means that the importance of the basics is recognised without compromising on the choice of subjects open to children.
History emerges as a wonderful tool for exploring not only language and literature, but also as a way of stimulating the imagination and encouraging talk. The contributors here are all passionate about this vital link between two complementary subject areas and will convincingly win you over.
The book is an invaluable companion for the student teacher, primary teacher and teacher educator.

"Language Policy in Schools" provides school administrators and teachers a practical approach for designing a language policy for their school and for dealing with the language issues that confront schools, particularly those operating in settings of linguistic and cultural diversity. It can be used as a text in teacher and administrator preparation programs, graduate programs, and in-service and professional development programs. Special features include:
* a clear, jargon-free writing style that invites careful reading;
* abundant examples that students of education everywhere can learn from--including samples of school language policies developed for real schools by real teacher-researchers;
* questions at the end of each chapter to highlight key points and stimulate informed discussion among pre-service and experienced teachers and administrators; and
* an up-to-date international and cross-cultural biography.

An innovative text which adopts the tools of cultural studies to provide a fresh approach to the study of Chinese language, culture and society. The book tackles areas such as grammar, language, gender, popular culture, film and the Chinese diaspora and employs the concepts of social semiotics to extend the ideas of language and reading. Covering a range of cultural texts, it will help to break down the boundaries around the ideas and identities of East and West and provide a more relevant analysis of the Chinese and China.

The Routledge Handbook of Language Awareness is a comprehensive and informative overview of the broad field of language awareness. It contains a collection of state-of-the-art reviews of both established themes and new directions, authored and edited by experts in the field. The handbook is divided into three sections and reflects the engaging diversity of language awareness perspectives on language teaching and teachers, language learning and learners, and extending to additional areas of importance that are less directly concerned with language instruction. In their introductory chapter, the editors provide valuable background to the language awareness field along with their summary of the chapters and issues covered. A helpful section giving further reading suggestions for each of the chapters is included at the end of the book. This volume is essential reading for graduate students and researchers working in the sphere of language awareness within applied linguistics, sociolinguistics and across the wider spectrum of language and communication.

This volume enacts a project we term 'a politics of form', working to politicise the formal analysis of narrative in novels, life narratives, documentaries, dramas, short prose works and multimodal texts while retaining the form specificity that is distinctive of narratology. The introduction offers an overview of how to perform narrative analysis in conjunction with ideological critique, while the chapters unite the formal analysis of texts with readings that uncover how structures of social power are expressed in, as well as challenged by, aesthetic forms. The contributors address the need to develop sustained political analysis of aesthetic and narrative forms, and they articulate methods for performing such analysis while reflecting on the politics of the work they undertake. By establishing criteria to describe the politicised use of narrative forms, and by historicising narratological concepts, the volume bridges theoretical gaps between narratology, critical theory and cultural analysis, resulting in the refinement of existing narratological models. This book was originally published as a special issue of the European Journal of English Studies.

First published in 1969, Professor Hough's work examines stylistics - the bridge between linguistics and literary criticism. The book gives a short survey of stylistics from a literary point of view, and tries to answer the question of how much stylistics contributes to the understanding of literature. It brings together continental European work on stylistics and Anglo-American critical writing which has a similar purpose though usually under a different name. In calling the attention of the student of literature to trains of thought with which he is not generally familiar, and with detailed analysis on different literary styles and methods, Professor Hough provides important critical insights.

This study presents an analysis of morphological case in Finnish within the Principles and Parameters framework. Finnish has a rich system of inflection for both case and agreement, making it an important language for testing hypotheses about the relationships between morphological case and abstract Case, and Case/case and agreement. The focus of the study is a set of syntactic environments where internal DP arguments appear in nominative case, but alternate with accusative personal pronouns. Because these environments lack an external argument coindexed with agreement, the data is particularly relevant to predictions made by Burzio's Generalization. By testing the generalization against a range of sentence types, Finnish is shown to contain an ergative split within an accusative main system. The assignment of the objective cases, accusative and partitive, is linked with the licensing of aspectual roles at D-structure, and finite Tense posited as a bi-unique Case assigner. The case split then arises as the result of two case features being assigned simultaneously to an internal argument, objective Case at D-structure associated with aspect, and nominative Case at S-structure associated with finite Tense where an external argument is not available. Morphological spell-out rules for particular argument types are proposed which determine the surface case realization of doubly-case assigned nominals.

Using both theoretical and language acquisition arguments, this study proposes a new model of the lexicon-syntax interface defined in terms of checking event-semantic features. The research is based on Dutch verbs and their possible verb frames (intransitive, transitive, etc.) and two studies of children's Dutch. The model developed from these cases represents more generally the way in which Universal Grammar organizes the lexicon of a language and the mapping system that associates a verb's lexical features with its syntactic projection.

Research in cognitive psychology, linguistics, and artificial intelligence - the three disciplines that have the most direct application to an understanding of the mental processes in reading - is presented in this multilevel work, originally published in 1980, that attempts to provide a systematic and scientific basis for understanding and building a comprehensive theory of reading comprehension. The major focus is on understanding the processes involved in the comprehension of written text. Underlying most of the contributions is the assumption that skilled reading comprehension requires a coordination of text with context in a way that goes far beyond simply chaining together the meanings of a string of decoded words. The topics discussed are divided into five general areas: Global Issues; Text Structure; Language, Knowledge of the World, and Inference; Effects of Prior Language Experience; and Comprehension Strategies and Facilitators, and represent a broad base of methodology and data that should be of interest not only to those concerned with the reading process, but also to basic science researchers in psychology, linguistics, artificial intelligence, and related disciplines.

The answer to the question "How can we understand and use a definition?" provides new constraints on natural language and on the internal language in which meaning is mentally represented. Most syntax takes the sentence as the basic unit for well-formedness, but definitions force us to focus on words and phrases, and hence to focus on compositional syntax in parallel with compositional semantics. This study examines both dictionary definitions and definitions from textbooks, from the points of view of their syntax, semantics, and use for learning word meaning. The tools used throughout are Principles and Parameters syntax, Relevance theoretic pragmatics, Model theoretic semantics, and the formal theory of definitions.

The analyses argue that because phrases can be understood in isolation, some standard syntactic analyses must be modified. 'NP movement' has to be reanalysed as transmission of theta roles. These ideas are then applied to a variety of adjectives which take propositional complements. The final chapter argues that for definitions to be understood, the syntax of the Language of Thought must be close to that of Natural Language in specifiable ways.

This book, which gathers in one place the theories of 10 leading cognitive and functional linguists, represents a new approach that may define the next era in the history of psychology: It promises to give psychologists a new appreciation of what this variety of linguistics can offer their study of language and communication. In addition, it provides cognitive-functional linguists new models for presenting their work to audiences outside the boundaries of traditional linguistics. Thus, it serves as an excellent text for courses in psycholinguistics, and appeal to students and researchers in cognitive science and functional linguistics.

Research into Natural Language Processing - the use of computers to process language - has developed over the last couple of decades into one of the most vigorous and interesting areas of current work on language and communication. This book introduces the subject through the discussion and development of various computer programs which illustrate some of the basic concepts and techniques in the field. The programming language used is Prolog, which is especially well-suited for Natural Language Processing and those with little or no background in computing. Following the general introduction, the first section of the book presents Prolog, and the following chapters illustrate how various Natural Language Processing programs may be written using this programming language. Since it is assumed that the reader has no previous experience in programming, great care is taken to provide a simple yet comprehensive introduction to Prolog. Due to the 'user friendly' nature of Prolog, simple yet effective programs may be written from an early stage. The reader is gradually introduced to various techniques for syntactic processing, ranging from Finite State Network recognisors to Chart parsers. An integral element of the book is the comprehensive set of exercises included in each chapter as a means of cementing the reader's understanding of each topic. Suggested answers are also provided. An Introduction to Natural Language Processing Through Prolog is an excellent introduction to the subject for students of linguistics and computer science, and will be especially useful for those with no background in the subject.

First published in 1966, this book is contributed to by authors who share an interest in the literary uses of language. The book gives a close analysis of the language of literature contributed to by critics and linguists, examining linguistic theory and poetry, and as part of this the rhythm and metre of English poetry is deconstructed. Language and its emotive structure is analysed, while the middle chapters of the book address the interaction of linguistic dimensions. Two medievalist scholars conclude the volume, giving a well-rounded examination to the broad and complex study of literary style in the English language. This book is suitable for students and scholars concerned with English literature and linguistics.