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Books > Medicine > Clinical & internal medicine > Gynaecology & obstetrics
The HIV pandemic continues to levy a heavy burden on the human race world-wide. The estimated number of people who became newly infected with HIV in 2009 was 2.6 million; most of these individuals live in Sub-Saharan Africa, followed by India and Southeast Asia. An estimated 370,000 new cases of pediatric infections occurred globally in 2009 (or more than 1,000 new infections every day), practically all of them through mother-to-child transmission. Up to 40% of all new infant HIV infections occur during breastfeeding. While breastfeeding by HIV-infected mothers is not recommended in the U.S. and other resource-rich settings where safe replacement feeding is easily available, the situation is different in many resource-limited settings, where replacement feeding is not safe or available and carries a high risk of infections (diarrhea, pneumonia) and infant malnutrition. Mothers in such settings are faced with a difficult dilemma: to breastfeed their infants in order to provide their infants with its many benefits (nutritional, immunologic, cognitive), but to also risk transmitting HIV. These challenges have prompted an intensive search for new prophylactic and therapeutic strategies in order to prevent infants from acquiring HIV infection through breastfeeding. In this book, expert HIV researchers critically review every aspect of this highly evolving and topical subject. The opening chapters deal with the epidemiology, global magnitude and biologic mechanisms of HIV-1 transmission from mother to child through breastfeeding and include considerations of the virus (quantity, compartments, characteristics) and the host (genetic, immunity-innate, cellular, humoral). The effects of breastfeeding on the HIV-infected mother's health and nutritional status, and the social and cultural issues associated with the practice of breastfeeding are also discussed. The next few chapters provide cutting-edge reviews of the latest approaches to prevention of HIV transmission to the infant through breastfeeding, including antiretroviral strategies, nutritional and immune-based approaches, and treatment of expressed breast milk. The remaining chapters provide a fascinating review of the many iterations this subject has received, as reflected in the several different sets of guidelines for infant feeding by HIV-infected mothers issued by the World Health Organization, and a debate by leading scientists on whether HIV-infected mothers should breastfeed their infants-in resource-limited and in resource-rich settings. A comprehensive overview of the current state of implementing the new evidence for prevention of breastfeeding transmission of HIV all over the world is also presented. Essential reading for the many disciplines of scientists and clinicians working on HIV/AIDS and other retroviruses, pediatricians, obstetricians/gynecologists, as well as all health-care professionals interested in expanding their understanding on the subject.
Based on the experience of two Italian referral centers, the book depicts the characteristic findings obtained when using MR imaging to study the male and female pelvis including the obstetric applications. Each chapter provides a comprehensive account of the use of the imaging technique of examination, including the most recent advances in MR imaging, the anatomy and MR possibilities in the identification, characterization and staging of the different pelvic diseases highlighting its diagnostic possibilities. The advances in fetal MRI, representing the cutting edge of pelvic MR imaging, will also be depicted. The text is complemented by numerous illustrations, as well as clinical cases that make this a very practice-oriented work, presenting the role of diagnostic imaging in every-day clinical activity. The volume will prove an invaluable guide for both residents and professionals with core interest in gynecology, obstetrics and urology.
Pregnancy is the main determinant of some liver diseases in humans: acute fatty liver of pregnancy, cholestasis of pregnancy, and acute liver failure in toxaemia of pregnancy. Pregnancy also modifies the natural history of other more common hepatobiliary diseases, such as cholesterol gallstones. Sex hormones (mainly oestrogens, progesterone and/or some of its metabolites) and prolactin are considered responsible for these pathological consequences and they also appear to be influential in the outcome of several other hepatobiliary disorders, in both sexes and all ages. Although these disorders and their hormonal interrelations have been clinically well characterized, their pathogenesis remains obscure from the biomolecular point of view. In recent years, novel approaches using new technologies have improved our understanding of hormone actions and metabolism, hormone receptors, metabolic pathways and their interrelations with closely related molecules, such as bile acids. This book, the proceedings of the 89th Falk Symposium, held in Santiago, Chile, 10-11 November, 1995, will help research scientists and clinicians to review basic and clinical aspects of these interactions, in order to stimulate biomedical research in a relevant and exciting area.
With the global expansion of reproductive technologies, there are ever more ways to create a family, and more family types than ever before. This book explores the experiences of those persons - whether single, in a couple, or part of collective co-parenting arrangements; whether hetero- or homosexual; whether cis- or transgender - who are creating what has been termed 'new family forms' with reproductive 'assistance'. Drawing on qualitative research from around the world, the book is particularly anchored in two bodies of social science scholarship - sociological and anthropological inquiries into the cultural impact of reproductive technologies on the one hand, and parenting culture studies on the other. It seeks to create fertile conversations between these scholarships, highlighting the intersections in the ways we think about conceiving and caring for children in today's 'reproductive landscape'. Focusing specifically on persons whose reproductive journeys do not conform to dominant scripts, the book traces the many ways in which intentions, expectations and technological developments contribute to changing and enduring conceptions of good parenthood in the twenty-first century. Taking a holistic perspective, the book presents deep insights into the experiences not only of (intending) parents, but also of donors, surrogates, medical professionals and activists. The collection will be of interest to an international readership of scholars of gender, reproduction, parenting and family life. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Anthropology & Medicine.
Covering the entire spectrum of this fast-changing field, Diagnostic Imaging: Gynecology, third edition, is an invaluable resource for general radiologists, specialized radiologists, gynecologists, and trainees-anyone who requires an easily accessible, highly visual reference on today's gynecologic imaging. Drs. Akram Shaaban, Douglas Rogers, Jeffrey Olpin, and their team of highly regarded experts provide up-to-date information on recent advances in technology and the understanding of pathologic entities to help you make informed decisions at the point of care. The text is lavishly illustrated, delineated, and referenced, making it a useful learning tool as well as a handy reference for daily practice. Serves as a one-stop resource for key concepts and information on gynecologic imaging, including a wealth of new material and content updates throughout Features more than 2,500 illustrations that illustrate the correlation between ultrasound (including 3D), sonohysterography, hysterosalpingography, MR, PET/CT, and gross pathology images, plus an additional 1,000 digital images online Features updates from cover to cover on uterine fibroids, endometriosis, and ovarian cysts/tumors; rare diagnoses; and a completely rewritten section on the pelvic floor Reflects updates to new TNM and WHO classifications, Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging, and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TMM staging and prognostic groups Begins each section with a review of normal anatomy and variants featuring extensive full-color illustrations Uses bulleted, succinct text and highly templated chapters for quick comprehension of essential information at the point of care Enhanced eBook version included with purchase, which allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices
Our book aims to provide those working in the maternity services, including those in general practices, with an understanding of what it means to be on the receiving end of care. Together with a description of various types of traumatic birth, we explain some of the reasons why women vary in terms of how traumatised they are by their birth experience. We provide information, encouragement and support for maternity staff to help them lessen the incidence of birth trauma, and to develop the confidence to help women when birth trauma does occur. The authors are a senior counsellor and an obstetrician, each with a long experience of helping women who have had difficult births. The approach of each to the subject is different but complementary. The book covers the psychological and emotional aspects of traumatic birth as well as the medical issues and includes a section on the effect of traumatic birth on the staff themselves. The market for this book is practising midwives and obstetricians, who by understanding the prevalence of traumatic birth and some of its causes can contribute to its reduction. Those in their training years will find it helpful at the outset of their practice. It will also be of interest to general practitioners, health visitors and counsellors.
The examination for Membership of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (MRCOG) remains one of the most internationally recognised postgraduate examinations in the specialty. Over the years, the examination has evolved in keeping with changes in medical education; the Part 3 examination now consists of 14 tasks, each covering one of the 14 core modules in the curriculum and assessing specific skills which may include all or some of Information Gathering, Communication with Patients and Families, Communication with Colleagues, Patient Safety, and Applied Clinical Knowledge. This invaluable resource consists of analyses of different aspects of what is being tested, with general advice on how to prepare for the examination and discussion of the reasons why trainees fail the examination. There follow four sample 'papers' of tasks; in each of them, attempts have been made to cover all 14 modules in the core curriculum. There is also an additional paper with random tasks to help with preparation.
The examination for Membership of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (MRCOG) remains one of the most internationally recognised postgraduate examinations in the specialty. Over the years, the examination has evolved in keeping with changes in medical education; the Part 3 examination now consists of 14 tasks, each covering one of the 14 core modules in the curriculum and assessing specific skills which may include all or some of Information Gathering, Communication with Patients and Families, Communication with Colleagues, Patient Safety, and Applied Clinical Knowledge. This invaluable resource consists of analyses of different aspects of what is being tested, with general advice on how to prepare for the examination and discussion of the reasons why trainees fail the examination. There follow four sample 'papers' of tasks; in each of them, attempts have been made to cover all 14 modules in the core curriculum. There is also an additional paper with random tasks to help with preparation.
Combining detailed descriptions of pelvic anatomy with easy-to-follow instructions for gynecologic procedures, Atlas of Pelvic Anatomy and Gynecologic Surgery, 5th Edition, is a comprehensive, up-to-date atlas that reflects current practices in this fast-changing field. Pelvic anatomy and surgical operations are depicted through full-color anatomic drawings, correlative surgical artwork with step-by-step photographs, and computer-assisted hybrid photo illustrations. Complete coverage of both conventional and endoscopic surgeries helps you master the full spectrum of surgical procedures. Covers all frequently performed gynecologic operations including laparotomy, laparoscopic, robotic, hysteroscopic, vaginal, vulvar, and cystoscopic procedures. Includes expanded sections on gender reassignment surgery and vulvar and cervical surgery, as well as a new chapter devoted to laparoscopic techniques. Contains a revised anatomic section with updated figures, plus high-quality artwork and clinical photographs throughout-now entirely in full color. Features numerous videos of surgeries and cadaver dissection. Ideal for practicing obstetricians-gynecologists, obstetrics-gynecology residents, general surgeons, subspecialists, nurses, and medical students with an interest in gynecology. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase, which allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
This is the most comprehensive book to be written on the subject of fetal MRI. It provides a practical hands-on approach to the use of state-of-the-art MRI techniques and the optimization of sequences. Fetal pathological conditions and methods of prenatal MRI diagnosis are discussed by organ system, and the available literature is reviewed. Interpretation of findings and potential artifacts are thoroughly considered with the aid of numerous high-quality illustrations. In addition, the implications of fetal MRI are explored from the medico-legal and ethical points of view. This book will serve as a detailed resource for radiologists, obstetricians, neonatologists, geneticists, and any practitioner wanting to gain an in-depth understanding of fetal MRI technology and applications. In addition, it will provide a reference source for technologists, researchers, students, and those who are implementing a fetal MRI service in their own facility.
This text introduces readers to the diverse and unique ways art therapy is used with women who are undergoing various stages of the childbearing process, including conception, pregnancy, miscarriage, childbirth, and postpartum. Art Therapy and Childbearing Issues discusses a range of topics including the role of transference/countertransference, attachment and maternal tasks, and neuropsychology. The book also addresses several motifs that are outside cultural norms of pregnancy and childbearing, such as racial sociopolitical issues, grief and loss, palliative care, midwifery, menstruation, sex-trafficking, disadvantaged populations, and incarceration. Each chapter offers research, modalities, case studies and suggestions on how to work in this field in a new way, accompanied by visual representations of different therapy methods and practices. The approachable style will appeal to a range of readers who will come away with a new awareness of art therapy and a greater knowledge of how to work with women as they enter and exit this universal, psychobiological experience.
This revised edition of Managing Hot Flushes and Night Sweats offers up-to-date and evidence-based information about the menopause and about hot flushes and night sweats, which are the main reason that women seek medical help. The four-week self-help guide uses cognitive behavioral therapy, providing information and strategies for managing hot flushes and night sweats, as well as stress and sleep. The guide is interactive with exercises and homework tailored to women's individual circumstances and lifestyles. It challenges myths about menopause and aging and provides better understanding of flushes which in turn reduces stress and improves post-menopausal well-being. The various chapters discuss processes of identification and modification of triggers of hot flushes and offers tips to women on dealing with hot flushes in social and work situations. The guide can be as effective as eight hours of group CBT and will help women who want to try a non-medical treatment that is brief and effective without side effects, or just want to be better informed.
The Understanding Menopause chart takes a look at the effects of menopause. Topics that are covered by graphics and text include basic anatomy of the female reproductive system, the role of estrogen, hot flashes, vaginal mucosa changes and the menstrual cycle. Heavy cover stock with protective varnish for durability.
Due to new developments in prenatal testing and therapy the fetus is increasingly visible, examinable and treatable in prenatal care. Accordingly, physicians tend to perceive the fetus as a patient and understand themselves as having certain professional duties towards it. However, it is far from clear what it means to speak of a patient in this connection. This volume explores the usefulness and limitations of the concept of 'fetal patient' against the background of the recent seminal developments in prenatal or fetal medicine. It does so from an interdisciplinary and international perspective. Featuring internationally recognized experts in the field, the book discusses the normative implications of the concept of 'fetal patient' from a philosophical-theoretical as well as from a legal perspective. This includes its implications for the autonomy of the pregnant woman as well as its consequences for physician-patient-interactions in prenatal medicine.
Now in its sixth edition, Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology remains the only book to comprehensively cover infectious diseases in both obstetrics and general gynecology. Distilling complex clinical problems into an easy to use format, this text is divided in four unique sections, and some of these topics include:
A panel of top experts in perinatal psychiatry reviews the many recent studies on the use of psychiatric medications in pregnancy and postpartum and assesses their impact on the diagnosis and treatment of pregnant/postpartum women. The authors focus on each of the major psychiatric illnesses, including depression, anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, substance abuse, eating disorders, and mental illness, as well as on the potential impact of these illnesses on infants and children. Interpreting conflicting and inconclusive clinical findings, they spell out the lesser-known risks of prenatal medication exposure and illuminate a variety of issues that must be taken into account in choosing such treatments as medications, psychotherapy, parental education, and social skills training.
The new edition of this atlas integrates all significant advances made in the past 15 years in molecular pathology,tumor virology,and genetics of cervical cancer. It emphasizes the importance of these advances in facilitating its pathological diagnosis and in op- mizing clinical management and prognosis. A new chapter on immunohistochemistry has been added,which includes refined detection methods,e. g. ,the overexpression of INK4a p16 as a molecular marker in the early differential diagnosis of premalignant - sions. The section on etiology and pathogenesis in human papillomavirus-induced neoplasia has been incorporated to represent new insights into the sequences of cel- lar and nuclear deregulation at the molecular level. All chapters have been revised to - clude the newest advances and relevant experiences in how to interpret and manage cervical disease; they are supported by the addition of 35 new microphotographic ill- trations. The tumor nomenclature is adapted to the latest edition of the WHO classi- cation; the morphology code of the international classification of diseases for oncology (ICD-O) has been added. We have also updated the list of references by adding recent relevant publications. Again,the staff of Springer-Verlag deserve our thanks for their patience and skill in preparing the manuscript and in reproducing the microphotographs. Heidelberg,February 2005 Gisela Dallenbach-Hellweg, Magnus von Knebel Doeberitz, and Marcus J. Trunk Heading2 Preface to the First Edition During the past decade our understanding of the histopathology of the cervix uteri has changed greatly.
Get Through MRCOG Part 1, Second Edition, provides a selection of questions covering the basic and applied sciences relevant to the clinical practice of obstetrics and gynaecology and mapped to the RCOG Knowledge Areas in the MCQ style. With appropriate explanations of the answers and references to the relevant guidelines, this is a definitive resource for those taking the MRCOG Part 1 examination.
Get Through MRCOG Part 1, Second Edition, provides a selection of questions covering the basic and applied sciences relevant to the clinical practice of obstetrics and gynaecology and mapped to the RCOG Knowledge Areas in the MCQ style. With appropriate explanations of the answers and references to the relevant guidelines, this is a definitive resource for those taking the MRCOG Part 1 examination.
This new edition is a comprehensive and updated resource on antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), which is an autoimmune disorder. In APS, the body recognizes certain normal components of blood and/or cell membranes as foreign substances and produces antibodies (antiphospholipid antibodies) against them. APS is associated with recurrent clotting events (thrombosis) including premature stroke, repeated miscarriages, phlebitis, venous thrombosis, and pulmonary thromboembolism. It is also associated with low platelet or blood elements that prevent bleeding. Recently, however, even more disease states have been linked with APS, including premature heart attack, various cardiac valvular abnormalities, skin lesions, kidney disease, abnormal involuntary movement/chorea, diseases that mimic multiple sclerosis, and vascular diseases of the eye that can lead to visual loss and blindness. The International Congress on Antiphospholipid Antibodies, held every 3 years, is the venue where representatives from different disciplines gather to discuss the recent advances in APS. The conference intends to cover basic aspects of APS, such as pathogenesis, origins, genetics, intracellular and molecular events, the role of infections, as well as traditional and non-traditional clinical manifestations associated with antiphospholipid antibodies. The 15th Congress took place in September 2016. A novel aspect of the Congress was that multiple teams, chaired by Scientific Planning Committee members, used evidence-based literature reviews and expert discussions to answer specific pre-defined APS-related questions. These teams included points of view from experts in rheumatology, hematology, cardiovascular medicine, obstetrics, neurology, and immunology. The Scientific Planning Committee members also chaired the congress sessions and supervised completion of the reports that are the bases of the chapters of this book. In addition, there are two chapters included specifically written for APS patients. Much like the previous volume, dedicated to the 13th International Congress on Antiphospholipid Antibodies (April 2010), this up-to-date and comprehensive work gathers invaluable insights from a multidisciplinary team of world-renowned experts and represents the authoritative resource on causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of APS.
This is the only book to present the evidence-based policies and procedures that medical and non-medical staff can use to develop Mother-Friendly Care in their facilities. The Mother-Friendly Childbirth Initiative (MFCI), developed by the Coalition for Improving Maternity Services (CIMS), is a wellness model designed to improve birth outcomes and substantially reduce costs. It is an evidence-based mother-, baby-, and family-friendly model that focuses on prevention and wellness as alternatives to high-cost screening, diagnosis, and treatment programs. The MFCI is the first and only consensus document on U.S. maternity care and is recognized as an important instrument for change in the U.S. and abroad. The book is based on research and evidence developed by CIMS and includes 10 protocols, each with detailed policies and procedures and supporting information and resources that help implement the change to Mother-Friendly Care. Each protocol is authored and reviewed by recognized leaders in a variety of childbirth and maternity care arenas. The book traces the development of Mother-Friendly Care and describes its core tenets along with supporting statistical information. These tenets eschew practices not supported by scientific evidence. The manual includes implementation strategies for the evidence-based nursing care training programs of such organizations as Lamaze, ICEA, and AWHONN, and supports the WHO-Unicef "Ten Steps of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative" to promote successful breastfeeding. Key Features: Provides evidence-based policies and procedures for developing Mother-Friendly Care in maternity care facilities Presents specific guidelines that can be used as a standard to measure Mother-Friendliness and subsequently used for marketing purposes Designed to provide childbirth educators and doulas with guidelines for promoting Mother-Friendly Care to birthing women Assists nurses who want to promote more rapid change on their units toward Mother-Friendly Care Supports the WHO-UNICEF "Ten Steps of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative" to promote successful breastfeeding
This comprehensive volume covers all aspects of nutrition in different scenarios of maternal diabetes, including the Type 1 or Type 2 diabetic mother, gestational diabetes, and postpartum diabetes. The volumes offer a comprehensive, yet thorough, overview of the subject, from the prevalence, risk factors, and insulin requirements of the mother; to possible outcomes and effects on the infant; to dietary advice in general and specific scenarios; and information on macro and micronutrient supplements. There is also a special section on international perspectives on maternal diabetes, with ten chapters that each focus on a different country. Nutrition and Diet in Maternal Diabetes: An Evidence-Based Approach offers an overview of the Type 1 and type 2 diabetic mother, maternal and offspring aspects of gestation diabetes, and breastfeeding and maternal gestational diabetes.
The second title in a series of limited-edition, low-cost books, devised and launched by The Institute of Psycho-Analysis in London, The books feature recent lectures on important psychoanalytic themes as part of the London Public Lecture series, organized by the British Psycho-Analytic Society.
Now in its fourth volume, the Biennial Review of Infertility brings together the most up-to-date research and clinical information on male and female infertility, emerging assisted reproductive techniques and evolving controversies in reproductive medicine. An impressive panel of contributors presents cutting-edge information in a clear and well-balanced manner. Volume 4 discusses hot topics in contemporary reproductive medicine, including stem cell technologies for male infertility, the current state of ovarian tissue cryopreservation and time-lapse video microscopy of embryos. The expanded section on controversies allows for point/counterpoint discussion between experts with differing opinions on topics like eSET and the use and role of dietary supplements in IVF cycles. Created to provide an ongoing appraisal of current knowledge, the Biennial Review of Infertility stimulates communication amongst all clinicians and researchers working to help couples resolve their infertility. |
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