Your complete resource on heat pipe operation, behavior, performance characteristics, and limitations

This book is designed to help students, operations engineers, and mechanical and electrical engineers in the electronic packaging industry grasp the principles of operation for a wide range of heat pipes. Packed with examples and design information, it takes you through the background and historical development of heat pipes, discusses the interfacial phenomena that govern their operational characteristics, and presents the fundamental operating principles and limitations of both heat pipes and thermosyphons.

Along with detailed presentations of the governing physical phenomena involved, this comprehensive guide features extensive coverage of:

• The background physics of fluids, their behavior in heat pipes, and associated interfacial phenomena
• Heat pipe design methodologies and manufacturing considerations
• Applications for cooling both electrical and mechanical systems
• The full range of heat pipe classifications, including rotating and revolving, micro, cryogenic, and variable conductance heat pipes, as well as thermal diodes and switches

This book provides all the information and guidance you need to increase your understanding of these innovative devices and to begin to apply them to the thermal control of electronic devices and components.

The fully updated edition of the "furnace man's bible"
This new revision of Industrial Furnaces, the cornerstone volume in the field, provides up-to-date, reliable guidance for how to best use furnaces.
Continuing a long tradition as a dependable reference, this Sixth Edition helps engineers adjust to changing modes of furnace operation with valuable know-how in critical areas in which experience counts as much as analytical skills.
Thorough discussions address the latest hard information and data for working with industrial furnaces across all industries and specialties, including steelmaking, ceramics, and chemical processes. Broadened coverage in this new edition includes material on furnaces used for composites, glass, ceramics, and other nontraditional materials.
Industrial Furnaces, Sixth Edition is a must-have for use by everyone working with industrial heat processing.

Reliability and Failure Analysis of High-Power LED Packaging provides fundamental understanding of the reliability and failure analysis of materials for high-power LED packaging, with the ultimate goal of enabling new packaging materials. This book describes the limitations of the present reliability standards in determining the lifetime of high-power LEDs due to the lack of deep understanding of the packaging materials and their interaction with each other. Many new failure mechanisms are investigated and presented with consideration of the different stresses imposed by varying environmental conditions. The detailed failure mechanisms are unique to this book and will provide insights for readers regarding the possible failure mechanisms in high-power LEDs. The authors also show the importance of simulation in understanding the hidden failure mechanisms in LEDs. Along with simulation, the use of various destructive and non-destructive tools such as C-SAM, SEM, FTIR, Optical Microscopy, etc. in investigation of the causes of LED failures are reviewed. The advancement of LEDs in the last two decades has opened vast new applications for LEDs which also has led to harsher stress conditions for high-power LEDs. Thus, existing standards and reliability tests need to be revised to meet the new demands for high-power LEDs.

Small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems are a form of cogeneration technology suitable for domestic and community buildings, commercial establishments and industrial facilities, as well as local heat networks. One of the benefits of using cogeneration plant is a vastly improved energy efficiency: in some cases achieving up to 80-90% systems efficiency, whereas small-scale electricity production is typically at well below 40% efficiency, using the same amount of fuel. This higher efficiency affords users greater energy security and increased long-term sustainability of energy resources, while lower overall emissions levels also contribute to an improved environmental performance.
Small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems provides a systematic and comprehensive review of the technological and practical developments of small and micro CHP systems.
Part one opens with reviews of small and micro CHP systems and their techno-economic and performance assessment, as well as their integration into distributed energy systems and their increasing utilisation of biomass fuels. Part two focuses on the development of different types of CHP technology, including internal combustion and reciprocating engines, gas turbines and microturbines, Stirling engines, organic Rankine cycle process and fuel cell systems. Heat-activated cooling (i.e. trigeneration) technologies and energy storage systems, of importance to the regional/seasonal viability of this technology round out this section. Finally, part three covers the range of applications of small and micro CHP systems, from residential buildings and district heating, to commercial buildings and industrial applications, as well as reviewing the market deployment of this important technology.
With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems is an essential reference work for anyone involved or interested in the design, development, installation and optimisation of small and micro CHP systems.
Reviews small- and micro-CHP systems and their techno-economic and performance assessmentExplores integration into distributed energy systems and their increasing utilisation of biomass fuelsFocuses on the development of different types of CHP technology, including internal combustion and reciprocating engines

A thorough reference that sheds light on the promising field of solid-state lighting

Solid-state lighting is a rapidly emerging field. Light Emitting Diodes are already used in traffic signals, signage/contour lighting, large area displays, and automotive applications. But its greatest future lies in the possibility of applying solid-state lamps to general lighting. Solid-state lighting promises to reduce energy consumption as much as fifty percent, cut down on carbon-dioxide emission, and even spur the development of a completely new lighting industry.

Giving this important emerging field the attention it deserves, Introduction to Solid-State Lighting comprehensively covers:

• The history of lighting
• The characterization of visible light
• Conventional light sources
• LED basics
• Extraction of light from high-brightness LEDs
• White LED
• Applications of solid-state lamps

This book presents a systematic study on the air balancing technologies in heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Several modern air balancing methods, including advanced control-based air balancing, data-driven-based air balancing, and energy-saving-oriented air balancing, are introduced in this book to balance the air duct system. Furthermore, this book provides clear instructions for both HVAC designers and engineers, as well as researchers, on how to design and balance duct systems for improved performance and energy efficiency.

Overheating in buildings is commonplace. This book describes how we can keep cool without conventional air-conditioning: improving comfort and productivity while reducing energy costs and carbon emissions. It provides architects, engineers and policy makers with a 'how-to' guide to the application of natural cooling in new and existing buildings. It demonstrates, through reference to numerous examples, that natural cooling is viable in most climates around the world. This completely revised and expanded second edition includes: An overview of natural cooling past and present. Guidance on the principles and strategies that can be adopted. A review of the applicability of different strategies. Explanation of simplified tools for performance assessment. A review of components and controls. A detailed evaluation of case studies from the USA, Europe, India and China. This book is not just for the technical specialist, as it also provides a general grounding in how to avoid or minimise air-conditioning. Importantly, it demonstrates that understanding our environment, rather than fighting it, will help us to live sustainably in our rapidly warming world.

Heat Storage Systems for Buildings provides a unique resource for researchers, scientists, engineers, students, sectoral professional and people who work in the area of heat storage systems and applications for buildings. This book will further provide theoretical and practical materials, systems, applications, case studies and examples about various potential options for buildings. The primary focus is on thermodynamic analyses, performance evaluation, lifecycle assessment, environmental impact assessment and sustainability development criteria.

Diese neue Auflage des "Wendehorst Bautechnische Zahlentafeln" wurde um die Kapitel Netzmanagement und Sonderkonstruktionen im Beton sowie Bauen und Umwelt erweitert. Das Kapitel Netzmanagement ent halt die Themen: Wasserverteilungssysteme, Entwasserungssysteme, Fernwarmeversorgungssysteme, Gas ver sor gungs systeme mit Bezug auf Planung, Einbau, Instandsetzung und Sanierung. Das zweite neue Kapitel Sonderkon struktionen enthalt die Schwerpunkte Grundlagen der WU-Planung, Allgemeine Planungsaufgaben/ -verant wort lichkeiten nach WU-Richtlinie, Aufgaben der Tragwerksplanung, Rechnerische Nachweisformate. Im dritten neu konzipierten Kapitel Bauen und Umwelt, welches quasi als Ersatz fur das fruhere Kapitel Abfall wirt schaft angelegt ist, werden die Themen Umweltauswirkungen durch Bautatigkeit, Altlasten und Entsorgung voll kommen neu adressiert. Alle weiteren Kapitel wurden durchgesehen und entsprechend dem allgemein aner kannten Stand der Technik und der Normen aktualisiert. Weitere wichtige inhaltliche Neuerungen der Bautechnischen Zahlentafeln sind: Vollstandige neue Kapitel: Netzmanagement und Sonderkonstruktionen mit WU-Beton. Vollstandig uberarbeitet wurde das Kapitel Baubetrieb: DIN 276 => Neufassung 12/2018, Zuordnung von Rechenmethoden zu den einzelnen Kostenstufen, VOB/A => UEberarbeitung 2019, KLR Bau => Neuauflage, BGB 650a ff neu, DIN 19650 BIM, Sicherheits- und Gesundheitsschutz Stahlbeton und Spannbeton: Neues Heft 630 DAFStb "Bemessung nach DIN EN 1992 in den Grenz zu standen der Tragfahigkeit und Gebrauchstauglichkeit" (Ersatz fur Heft 220), Neues Heft 631 DAFStb "Hilfsmittel zur Schnittgroessenermittlung und zu besonderen Detailnachweisen bei Stahlbetontragwerken" (Ersatz fur Heft 240) Stahlbau: Aufnahme von Bemessungsregeln fur Stahlhohlprofilkonstruktionen, Aufnahme von Kerbfalltabellen, Aktualisierung von Profiltabellen und Werkstoffeigenschaften aus Produktnormen, Aktualisierung und UEberarbeitung des Abschnittes Schweissverbindungen, Einarbeitung der aktuellen Nationalen Anhange zu den Teilen von EN 1993 und EN 1994, soweit relevant Bauen und Umwelt: Abfalldeklaration, Abfalle aus dem Baubereich, Abgrenzung gefahrlicher / nicht gefahrlicher Abfall bei Spiegeleintragen, Verwertung von Abfallen, Verwertung ausserhalb von Deponien, Mineralische Stoffe aus dem Baubereich, Industrielle Nebenprodukte, Verwertung inner halb von Deponien, Altlasten, Bewertungsmassstabe Wirkungspfad Boden/Mensch, Wirkungspfad Boden/Nutzpflanze, Wirkungspfad Boden/Grundwasser, Gewasserschaden, Deponietechnik, Dichtungs systeme, Anforderungen Geologische Barriere und Basisabdichtung, Anforderungen Ober flachen abdichtung, zugelassene Dichtungsmaterialien, Anforderungen Rekultivierungsschicht, Sickerwasser, Deponiegas. Mathematik: Dieses Kapitel wurde vollstandig neu bearbeitet und auf die aktuellen Bedurfnisse innerhalb eines bautechnischen Tafelwerkes angepasst. Der "Wendehorst", erstmals 1934 erschienen und damit bereits uber 85 Jahre als Nachschlagewerk ein unentbehrliches Hilfsmittel in Praxis und Lehre, beinhaltet den neuesten Stand der Normung und Bautechnik.

Working from an engineering approach based on fundamental concepts, this book explores the design and function of industrial ventilation systems. It describes a systematic approach to protecting worker health through reducing airborne hazards. The approach is based on first principles and engineering fundamentals and includes the usual empirically-based considerations. Problem sets are provided.

This guide provides practical information to all those involved in designing, installing, operating and maintaining heating systems focussing on how to correctly apply electrified heating on current and future projects. It focuses on all forms of electrified heat (including heat pumps) for heating, but also other related approaches and technologies such as heat recovery, renewables and energy storage. It also draws on other areas such as building fabric, thermal comfort, electrical system considerations and the complex issue of using electrified heat to generate domestic hot water.

The air distribution in occupied spaces is a major issue of public concern. It is widely recognized that the quality of air and the nature of airflow can affect the health of occupants and the energy consumed in buildings and transport vehicles. ROOMVENT is the principal international conference in the field of air distribution. It was first initiated in 1987 by SCANVAC, the Scandinavian Federation of Heating, Ventilating and Sanitary Engineering Associations in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden.
The aim of the Conference is to bring together researchers from universities and research institutes, engineers from industry and government officials and policy makers, with the goal of experiencing the latest techniques for measuring and analyzing indoor air flow, the visualization of indoor air flow patterns, the evaluation of ventilation parameters and the most recent developments in computer simulation techniques of room airflow. It is hoped that the theme of ROOMVENT 2000 ""Ventilation for Health and Sustainable Environment"" will set the scene for room air distribution research and development for the new millennium.

The use of refrigeration, either directly or as part of an air-conditioning system, is essential to almost every branch of industry.

There is a need for practitioners to familiarise themselves with the general principles and methods of refrigeration and air conditioning, and the types of plant and operation currently in use.
This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles and practice of refrigeration and air-conditioning for the uninitiated student and a general overview of the industry for the practitioner. The fundamentals of the subject are introduced without involving the reader too deeply in theory and the content is presented in a logical order.
This fully revised and updated third edition has a new chapter on Refrigerants that deals with the many changes in this area over the last 10 years, including the phase out of CFC and HCFC refrigerants in line with Ozone depletion and Global Warming. New, replacement refrigerants are described, together with Codes of Practice introduced for maintenance and servicing of refrigeration plants. The increased use of Ammonia and Propane are included, with the relevant Health and Safety aspects, and the move towards Absorption refrigeration equipment as more environmentally friendly.
This new edition of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning is a valuable reference source for practising engineers and essential reading for students.

Energy management systems are used to monitor building temperature inside and outside buildings and control the boilers and coolers. Energy efficiency is a major cost issue for commerce and industry and of growing importance on university syllabuses. Fully revised and updated, this text considers new developments in the control of low energy and HVAC systems and contains two new chapters.
Written for practising engineers (essential for control engineers) and energy managers in addition to being essential reading for under/postgraduate courses in building services and environmental engineering.

Natural ventilation is considered a prerequisite for sustainable buildings and is therefore in line with current trends in the construction industry. The design of naturally ventilated buildings is more difficult and carries greater risk than those that are mechanically ventilated. A successful result relies increasingly on a good understanding of the abilities and limitations of the theoretical and experimental procedures that are used for design. There are two ways to naturally ventilate a building: wind driven ventilation and stack ventilation. The majority of buildings employing natural ventilation rely primarily on wind driven ventilation, but the most efficient design should implement both types. Natural Ventilation of Buildings: Theory, Measurement and Design comprehensively explains the fundamentals of the theory and measurement of natural ventilation, as well as the current state of knowledge and how this can be applied to design. The book also describes the theoretical and experimental techniques to the practical problems faced by designers. Particular attention is given to the limitations of the various techniques and the associated uncertainties. Key features: * Comprehensive coverage of the theory and measurement of natural ventilation * Detailed coverage of the relevance and application of theoretical and experimental techniques to design * Highlighting of the strengths and weaknesses of techniques and their errors and uncertainties * Comprehensive coverage of mathematical models, including CFD * Two chapters dedicated to design procedures and another devoted to the basic principles of fluid mechanics that are relevant to ventilation This comprehensive account of the fundamentals for natural ventilation design will be invaluable to undergraduates and postgraduates who wish to gain an understanding of the topic for the purpose of research or design. The book should also provide a useful source of reference for more experienced industry practitioners.

This is a definitive guide to the rebound effect in home heating - the increase in energy service use after a technological intervention aimed at reducing consumption. It sets out what the effect is, how it plays out in the home heating sector, what this implies for energy saving initiatives in this sector, and how it relates to rebound effects in other sectors. The book outlines how the concept of the rebound effect has been developed and the scope of research on it, both generally and particularly in the home heating sector. Within the context of energy and CO2 emissions policy, it summarises the empirical evidence, exploring its causes and the attempts that are being made to mitigate it. Various definitions of the rebound effect are considered, in particular the idea of the effect as an energy-efficiency 'elasticity'. The book shows how this definition can be rigorously applied to thermal retrofits, and to national consumption data, to give logically consistent rebound effect results that can be coherently compared with those of other sectors, and allow policy makers to have more confidence in the predictions about potential energy savings.

Practical Problems for Heating And Cooling Technicians, 6th Edition gives you the essential quantitative skills to get ahead in the HVAC field today! This text condenses critical mathematical theories into short, easily understood sections, and illustrates every concept with multiple examples and practice problems drawn from tasks technicians perform on the job every day. Loaded with helpful visual features and study aids, Practical Problems for Heating And Cooling Technicians, 6th Edition puts key information at your fingertips with critical formula conversion charts, a glossary of the latest HVAC-specific terms, hands-on exercises, and optional supplemental tools designed to build your skills and confidence.

Get the updated guide to active and passive control systems for buildings.

To capitalize on today's rapidly evolving, specialized technologies, architects, designers, builders, and contractors work together to plan the mechanical and electrical equipment that controls the indoor environment of a building. The Building Environment: Active and Passive Control Systems, Third Edition helps you take advantage of design innovations and construction strategies that maximize the comfort, safety, and energy efficiency of buildings.

From active HVAC systems to passive methods, lighting to on-site power generation, this updated edition explains how to strategically plan for and incorporate effective, efficient systems in today's buildings. It covers the underlying thermal theories and thermodynamic principles and focuses on design that enhances the building environment and minimizes the impact on the world's environment. The Building Environment goes beyond the ABCs of HVAC and covers:

On-site power generation, including wind turbines, solar photovoltaic cells, fuel cells, and more.Plumbing systems, fire protection, signal systems, conveying systems, and architectural acoustics.Procedures and/or formulas for performing heat loss, heat gain, and energy use calculations, determining the rate of heat flow, calculating solar energy utilization, doing load calculations, and more.Details on the latest building codes and standards references.New information on the sustainable design of building systems and energy efficiency, including new technologies.The latest thinking and data on a building's impact on the environment, indoor air quality, and "sick building syndrome."Design economics, including the payback period, life-cycle cost, comparative value analysis, and building commissioning.A practical on-the-job tool for architects, designers, builders, engineers, contractors, and other specialists, this Third Edition is also a great reference for architecture students who will lead tomorrow's design teams.

Visit the companion Web site at www.wiley.com/go/bradshaw.

Solar technologies are emerging as the sustainable technology of choice for those commissioning new buildings. Integrated photovoltaics offer huge potential for delivering renewable energy without generating harmful pollutants.

Discussing current market conditions and the economics of this technology, the author balances the physics and engineering background of solar heating, cooling and building integrated photovoltaics with practical applications.

A complete overview of solar technologies relevant to the built environment, this book

• Explains how to integrate solar technology into building design concepts.
• Outlines the use of passive solar energy for daylighting and heating supply.
• Discusses solar thermal energy for heating and cooling as well as photovolatics for electricity production.
• Presents the meteorological background to irradiance calculations.
• Provides engineering planning aids for innovative energy supply systems.
• Contains practical examples and calculation methods to enable component and system simulation.

Solar Technologies for Buildings is an excellent reference for scientists, engineers, planners, researchers and students, involved in developing solar energy systems. Architects integrating solar technologies in building design will find this application-orientated approach useful.

Readers of this book will be shown how, with the adoption of ubiquituous sensing, extensive data-gathering and forecasting, and building-embedded advanced actuation, intelligent building systems with the ability to respond to occupant preferences in a safe and energy-efficient manner are becoming a reality. The articles collected present a holistic perspective on the state of the art and current research directions in building automation, advanced sensing and control, including: model-based and model-free control design for temperature control; smart lighting systems; smart sensors and actuators (such as smart thermostats, lighting fixtures and HVAC equipment with embedded intelligence); and energy management, including consideration of grid connectivity and distributed intelligence. These articles are both educational for practitioners and graduate students interested in design and implementation, and foundational for researchers interested in understanding the state of the art and the challenges that must be overcome in realizing the potential benefits of smart building systems. This edited volume also includes case studies from implementation of these algorithms/sensing strategies in to-scale building systems. These demonstrate the benefits and pitfalls of using smart sensing and control for enhanced occupant comfort and energy efficiency.

Daylighting and Integrated Lighting Design provides architects, building designers, and students clear direction for the successful inclusion of daylight and integrated electric light in buildings. It presents design teams with the performance analysis resources, energy saving estimates and user satisfaction results they need in order to make informed decisions regarding daylighting and lighting design.

Written by two well-known experts in the field, the book provides:

• critical geometric and material relationships along with proven design process activities, offered in a quick-reference format, with sufficient context to address the range of associated issues present in any building project
• both the "fundamentals" and "applications" which cover design concepts and practice activities applicable to all integrated lighting projects
• specific directives for how the concepts covered are applied in a range of common design scenarios, including architectural rules-of-thumb, instructions for ensuring visual comfort, and preferred approaches for electric lighting control integration.

In demonstrating these necessary insights to designers, the authors employ an iterative analysis of common "daylighting patterns" and illustrate and annotate both successful and unsuccessful examples via built form and simulation. Part of the PocketArchitecture series, this is the ideal pocketbook for any designer serious about reducing the energy impact of their buildings.

HVAC Water Chillers and Cooling Towers: Fundamentals, Application, and Operation, Second Edition explores the major improvements in recent years to many chiller and cooling tower components that have resulted in improved performance and lower operating costs. This new edition looks at how climate change and "green" designs have significantly impacted the selection of refrigerants and the application of chilled water systems. It also discusses the expanded use of digital controls and variable frequency drives as well as the re-introduction of some older technologies, especially ammonia-based absorption cooling.

The first half of the book focuses on water chillers and the second half addresses cooling towers. In both sections, the author includes the following material:

1. Fundamentals basic information about systems and equipment, including how they and their various components work
2. Design and Application equipment sizing, selection, and application; details of piping, control, and water treatment; and special considerations such as noise control, electrical service, fire protection, and energy efficiency
3. Operations and Maintenance commissioning and programmed maintenance of components and systems, with guidelines and recommended specifications for procurement

This up-to-date book provides HVAC designers, building owners, operating and maintenance staff, architects, and mechanical contractors with definitive and practical guidance on the application, design, purchase, operation, and maintenance of water chillers and cooling towers. It offers helpful information for you to use on a daily basis, including checklists and troubleshooting guidelines.

In many climates buildings are unable to provide comfort conditions for year-round occupancy without the benefit of a heating system, and most HVAC engineers will routinely be involved with issues concerning the design, installation and performance of such systems. Furthermore, in temperate climates, heating of buildings accounts for a large slice of annual carbon emissions. The design of heating systems for maximum efficiency and minimum carbon emission is therefore now a matter of prime concern to all HVAC engineers.

The book provides an up-to-date review of the design, engineering and control of modern heating systems. Part A deals with heat generating plant. While this concentrates on conventional and condensing boilers, small-scale combined heat and power systems and heat pumps are also discussed. Part B deals with heat emitters, pipe circuits and variable-speed pumping, hot water service, optimum plant size and the vital issues of plant and system control, including sequence control of multiple boilers. Techniques for managing the energy use and running costs of heating systems are also discussed.

The authors have brought together over a half-century of combined experience covering all aspects of the building services Industry to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive text that is both technically rigorous yet highly practical. This makes the book equally relevant to the busy HVAC engineer looking for a handy practical reference, the student looking to build on their basic knowledge or the researcher interested in key issues of heating system design and performance.