A thorough reference that sheds light on the promising field of solid-state lighting

Solid-state lighting is a rapidly emerging field. Light Emitting Diodes are already used in traffic signals, signage/contour lighting, large area displays, and automotive applications. But its greatest future lies in the possibility of applying solid-state lamps to general lighting. Solid-state lighting promises to reduce energy consumption as much as fifty percent, cut down on carbon-dioxide emission, and even spur the development of a completely new lighting industry.

Giving this important emerging field the attention it deserves, Introduction to Solid-State Lighting comprehensively covers:

• The history of lighting
• The characterization of visible light
• Conventional light sources
• LED basics
• Extraction of light from high-brightness LEDs
• White LED
• Applications of solid-state lamps

Die Erforschung des Baugrundes als wichtiger Bestandteil einer Baumassnahme ist eine relativ junge Wissenschaft. Falsche Einschatzung der Baugrundverhaltnisse und hieraus resultierende, zum Teil erhebliche Haftungsrisiken haben es notwendig werden lassen, der Einstufung der Bodenverhaltnisse, der Methodik der Baugrunderkundung und der Berechnung der Grundungsart ein Regelwerk voranzustellen. Fur den Bauherrn ist wichtig, dass nur ausreichende und regelgerechte Baugrunduntersuchung ihm die gewunschte Planungssicherheit, Kostensicherheit und Schadensfreiheit bietet. Das Buch informiert uber die Verfahren der Baugrund- und Bauwerksanalysen, Instandsetzungsverfahren von Grundungen und die Schadensbeseitigung durch Verpresstechniken. Zahlreiche Beispiele aus der Praxis dokumentieren Sanierungsleistungen an historischen Gebauden, Stutzmauern und Brucken."

Develop the knowledge and skills you need to maintain and troubleshoot today's complex heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration systems with REFRIGERATION & AIR CONDITIONING TECHNOLOGY, Ninth Edition. This best-selling, easy-to-understand resource provides hands-on guidance, practical applications, and the solid foundation you need to understand modern HVAC service and repair, its environmental challenges, and their solutions. Focused on sustainable technology and emphasizing new technologies and green awareness, the Ninth Edition features the latest advances in the HVAC/R industry, including updated content throughout the text and more than 400 new and revised figures and images. Drawing on decades of industry experience, the authors also cover the all-important soft skills and customer relations issues that today's professionals need to master for career success. Memorable real-world examples, hundreds of vibrant photos, and unique Service Call features bring key concepts to life and help you develop the knowledge and skills to succeed in today's dynamic industry.

Overheating in buildings is commonplace. This book describes how we can keep cool without conventional air-conditioning: improving comfort and productivity while reducing energy costs and carbon emissions. It provides architects, engineers and policy makers with a 'how-to' guide to the application of natural cooling in new and existing buildings. It demonstrates, through reference to numerous examples, that natural cooling is viable in most climates around the world. This completely revised and expanded second edition includes: An overview of natural cooling past and present. Guidance on the principles and strategies that can be adopted. A review of the applicability of different strategies. Explanation of simplified tools for performance assessment. A review of components and controls. A detailed evaluation of case studies from the USA, Europe, India and China. This book is not just for the technical specialist, as it also provides a general grounding in how to avoid or minimise air-conditioning. Importantly, it demonstrates that understanding our environment, rather than fighting it, will help us to live sustainably in our rapidly warming world.

Natural ventilation is considered a prerequisite for sustainable buildings and is therefore in line with current trends in the construction industry. The design of naturally ventilated buildings is more difficult and carries greater risk than those that are mechanically ventilated. A successful result relies increasingly on a good understanding of the abilities and limitations of the theoretical and experimental procedures that are used for design. There are two ways to naturally ventilate a building: wind driven ventilation and stack ventilation. The majority of buildings employing natural ventilation rely primarily on wind driven ventilation, but the most efficient design should implement both types. Natural Ventilation of Buildings: Theory, Measurement and Design comprehensively explains the fundamentals of the theory and measurement of natural ventilation, as well as the current state of knowledge and how this can be applied to design. The book also describes the theoretical and experimental techniques to the practical problems faced by designers. Particular attention is given to the limitations of the various techniques and the associated uncertainties. Key features: * Comprehensive coverage of the theory and measurement of natural ventilation * Detailed coverage of the relevance and application of theoretical and experimental techniques to design * Highlighting of the strengths and weaknesses of techniques and their errors and uncertainties * Comprehensive coverage of mathematical models, including CFD * Two chapters dedicated to design procedures and another devoted to the basic principles of fluid mechanics that are relevant to ventilation This comprehensive account of the fundamentals for natural ventilation design will be invaluable to undergraduates and postgraduates who wish to gain an understanding of the topic for the purpose of research or design. The book should also provide a useful source of reference for more experienced industry practitioners.

Energy management systems are used to monitor building temperature inside and outside buildings and control the boilers and coolers. Energy efficiency is a major cost issue for commerce and industry and of growing importance on university syllabuses. Fully revised and updated, this text considers new developments in the control of low energy and HVAC systems and contains two new chapters.
Written for practising engineers (essential for control engineers) and energy managers in addition to being essential reading for under/postgraduate courses in building services and environmental engineering.

During the nineteenth century, Britain became the first gaslit society, with electric lighting arriving in 1878. At the same time, the British government significantly expanded its power to observe and monitor its subjects. How did such enormous changes in the way people saw and were seen affect Victorian culture? To answer that question, Chris Otter mounts an ambitious history of illumination and vision in Britain, drawing on extensive research into everything from the science of perception and lighting technologies to urban design and government administration. He explores how light facilitated such practices as safe transportation and private reading, as well as institutional efforts to collect knowledge. And he contends that, contrary to presumptions that illumination helped create a society controlled by intrusive surveillance, the new radiance often led to greater personal freedom and was integral to the development of modern liberal society.
"The Victorian Eye"'s innovative interdisciplinary approach--and generous illustrations---will captivate a range of readers interested in the history of modern Britain, visual culture, technology, and urbanization.

This book addresses fire safety of combustible facade systems which has gained much attention in recent times due to several major fire accidents across the world where combustible facade systems had a significant role in enhancing the growth of fire. The Grenfell tower (London) fire is one of the most severe accident in this category. The book covers basic design and functional aspects of commonly used facade systems along with the materials typically used in such systems. Subsequently, it discusses the currently available testing methods at component level, intermediate level, and system level. It also provides detailed case studies of six full-scale real fire facade fire experiments that have been jointly carried out by IIT Gandhinagar and Underwriters Laboratories at the full-scale facade testing facility established at IIT Gandhinagar. The book will enable designers and decision makers to make better assessments regarding fire safety of existing and upcoming facade systems. It also serves as a guide to deciding which testing methods are more appropriate under certain conditions.

This book includes the most recent outcomes from research and professional practice in the ventilative cooling field, gathered by the selected panel of authors. It provides essential contents to face and reduce the rise of space cooling and ventilation energy uses in buildings by alternative ventilation and cooling solutions. The book is organised into three parts which include a detailed description of ventilative cooling boundaries and implications (working principles, KPIs, standards, comfort models, control techniques) and of principal techniques (night ventilation, controlled natural ventilation, hybrid solutions, PCM and mass activation, evaporative cooling, earth-to-air heat exchangers) along with an updated analysis of the background to the topic. Furthermore, the last part of the book defines a unique practical and theoretical framework to include ventilative cooling solutions in different building typologies along with their principal implications.

This is a definitive guide to the rebound effect in home heating - the increase in energy service use after a technological intervention aimed at reducing consumption. It sets out what the effect is, how it plays out in the home heating sector, what this implies for energy saving initiatives in this sector, and how it relates to rebound effects in other sectors. The book outlines how the concept of the rebound effect has been developed and the scope of research on it, both generally and particularly in the home heating sector. Within the context of energy and CO2 emissions policy, it summarises the empirical evidence, exploring its causes and the attempts that are being made to mitigate it. Various definitions of the rebound effect are considered, in particular the idea of the effect as an energy-efficiency 'elasticity'. The book shows how this definition can be rigorously applied to thermal retrofits, and to national consumption data, to give logically consistent rebound effect results that can be coherently compared with those of other sectors, and allow policy makers to have more confidence in the predictions about potential energy savings.

• The third book in the comprehensive, updated HVAC Library, a hands-on guide-book for installation, service, and repair for HVAC equipment and components, with detailed coverage of air conditioning
• Covers basic installation, maintenance, and repair of radiant heating systems, radiators, convectors, unit heating systems, fireplaces, stoves, chimneys, water heat-ers, indoor/outdoor pool heaters, heat pumps, fans, exhaust systems, air cleaners and filters, humidifiers, and dehumidifiers
• Contains special sections on installing air conditioning in new and older construction, including air conditioning calculations
• Includes appendices featuring a trade organization listing, formula cross reference, data tables with conversions, and a manufacturer listing for the products covered in the book
• Unique coverage and organization as well as economical cost make this ideal reference for the seasoned HVAC tech, apprentice, or trade school student

People who work in an office spend at least a third of their lifetime in these spaces. The planning of office and administration buildings can therefore contribute a great deal to the satisfaction and well-being of future users. The book looks at the health-relevant factors that affect people in office and administration buildings and therefore deserve special attention in the planning process. In doing so, the authors are guided by a concept of health as defined by the World Health Organization: Accordingly, health encompasses mental as well as social and physical well-being and thus goes far beyond the factors laid down in legal norms and guidelines. In this volume, architects and designers, physicians and ergonomists deal with all aspects of interior design seen from a health perspective: What role does colour design play, what significance do light, air and noise have? What does a demand-oriented building technology look like and how is the office furniture adequately designed? Which medical and hygienic aspects have to be considered? How can offices be designed in terms of work-life balance and how will the office change in the course of digitalisation? The book serves as a guideline that can be applied chapter by chapter in the planning of health-promoting office spaces - depending on the interests of the reader. Problems that arise are discussed using examples, and checklists help you with planning and implementation. The guide is aimed at building owners, architects, engineers, but also at lawyers, psychologists and doctors as well as university members in the field of economics and engineering.

Planungsprozesse im Bauwesen sind arbeitsteilig: verschiedene Fachplaner an verteilten Standorten, die unterschiedlichen Organisationen angehoren. Die Praxis bietet Beispiele fur unzahlige Mangel, die auf unzureichende Kooperation zuruckzufuhren sind. In diesem Buch: aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse, Hinweise zur Umsetzung, Trends. Zur besseren computergestutzten Uberwachung und Steuerung der Planungsprozesse, und Vermeidung kostenintensiver Fehler. "

A widely acclaimed trilogy that has become established as the leading work in this field. As well as taking account of current Building Regulations, Codes of Practice and recent technological advances. Special attention has been paid to the reduction of fuel costs and environmental factors. This volume covers the essential design calculations for pipe-sizing, drainage, electrical installations, thermal problems, ventillation and air conditioning, gas installations, lighting and solar heating.

This book highlights key recent developments in air conditioning technologies for cooling and dehumidification with the specific objectives to improve energy efficiency and to minimize environmental impact. Today, air conditioning, comprising cooling and dehumidification, is a necessity in commercial and residential buildings and even in many industrial processes. This book provides key update on recent developments in air conditioning systems, cooling cycles and innovative cooling/dehumidification technologies. Key technologies related to cooling include heat-driven absorption and adsorption cooling and water-based dew point evaporative cooling. Technologies connected with dehumidification involve new generations of adsorbent-desiccant dehumidifiers, liquid-based desiccants and membranes that sieve out water vapor from air. Losses in cooling cycles and thermo-economic analysis for a sustainable economy are also judiciously documented.

This book presents selected papers from the 11th International Symposium on Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (ISHVAC 2019), with a focus on HVAC techniques for improving indoor environment quality and the energy efficiency of heating and cooling systems. Presenting inspiration for implementing more efficient and safer HVAC systems, the book is a valuable resource for academic researchers, engineers in industry, and government regulators.

In many climates buildings are unable to provide comfort conditions for year-round occupancy without the benefit of a heating system, and most HVAC engineers will routinely be involved with issues concerning the design, installation and performance of such systems. Furthermore, in temperate climates, heating of buildings accounts for a large slice of annual carbon emissions. The design of heating systems for maximum efficiency and minimum carbon emission is therefore now a matter of prime concern to all HVAC engineers.

The book provides an up-to-date review of the design, engineering and control of modern heating systems. Part A deals with heat generating plant. While this concentrates on conventional and condensing boilers, small-scale combined heat and power systems and heat pumps are also discussed. Part B deals with heat emitters, pipe circuits and variable-speed pumping, hot water service, optimum plant size and the vital issues of plant and system control, including sequence control of multiple boilers. Techniques for managing the energy use and running costs of heating systems are also discussed.

The authors have brought together over a half-century of combined experience covering all aspects of the building services Industry to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive text that is both technically rigorous yet highly practical. This makes the book equally relevant to the busy HVAC engineer looking for a handy practical reference, the student looking to build on their basic knowledge or the researcher interested in key issues of heating system design and performance.

HVAC Water Chillers and Cooling Towers: Fundamentals, Application, and Operation, Second Edition explores the major improvements in recent years to many chiller and cooling tower components that have resulted in improved performance and lower operating costs. This new edition looks at how climate change and "green" designs have significantly impacted the selection of refrigerants and the application of chilled water systems. It also discusses the expanded use of digital controls and variable frequency drives as well as the re-introduction of some older technologies, especially ammonia-based absorption cooling.

The first half of the book focuses on water chillers and the second half addresses cooling towers. In both sections, the author includes the following material:

1. Fundamentals basic information about systems and equipment, including how they and their various components work
2. Design and Application equipment sizing, selection, and application; details of piping, control, and water treatment; and special considerations such as noise control, electrical service, fire protection, and energy efficiency
3. Operations and Maintenance commissioning and programmed maintenance of components and systems, with guidelines and recommended specifications for procurement

This up-to-date book provides HVAC designers, building owners, operating and maintenance staff, architects, and mechanical contractors with definitive and practical guidance on the application, design, purchase, operation, and maintenance of water chillers and cooling towers. It offers helpful information for you to use on a daily basis, including checklists and troubleshooting guidelines.

This book is the result of recent research that deals with the built environment and innovative materials, carried out by specialists working in universities and centers of research in different professional fields architecture, engineering, physics and in an area that that spans from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf, and from South Eastern Europe to the Middle East. This book takes the necessity of re-shaping the concept of building design in order to transform buildings from large scale energy consumers to energy savers and producers into consideration. The book is organized in two parts: theory and case studies. For the theoretical part, we chose from the wide range of sources that provide energy efficient materials and systems the two that seem to be endless: the sun and vegetation. Their use in building products represents a tool for specialists in the architectural design concept. The case-studies presented analyze different architectural programs, in different climates, from new buildings to rehabilitation approaches and from residential architecture to hospitals and sports arenas; each case emphasizes the interdisciplinarity of the building design activity in order to help readers gain a better understanding of the complex approach needed for energy efficient building design

Daylighting and Integrated Lighting Design provides architects, building designers, and students clear direction for the successful inclusion of daylight and integrated electric light in buildings. It presents design teams with the performance analysis resources, energy saving estimates and user satisfaction results they need in order to make informed decisions regarding daylighting and lighting design.

Written by two well-known experts in the field, the book provides:

• critical geometric and material relationships along with proven design process activities, offered in a quick-reference format, with sufficient context to address the range of associated issues present in any building project
• both the "fundamentals" and "applications" which cover design concepts and practice activities applicable to all integrated lighting projects
• specific directives for how the concepts covered are applied in a range of common design scenarios, including architectural rules-of-thumb, instructions for ensuring visual comfort, and preferred approaches for electric lighting control integration.

In demonstrating these necessary insights to designers, the authors employ an iterative analysis of common "daylighting patterns" and illustrate and annotate both successful and unsuccessful examples via built form and simulation. Part of the PocketArchitecture series, this is the ideal pocketbook for any designer serious about reducing the energy impact of their buildings.

This book discusses essential strategies and approaches to creating mentally restorative environments for highly stressed and depressed workers at sweatshop factories. Drawing on the Foxconn factory in Longhua, China and an adjacent urban village as a sample site for research and design practice, the book employs a bottom-up and participatory process. The content is divided into two main parts, the first of which investigates economic, cultural, human rights, and environmental issues related to the electronic industry and urban village, providing in-depth research on various aspects, especially the working and living conditions for Foxconn workers. Based on these findings, the second part highlights potential landscape designs to address a range of issues, locations, and scales. The book's goals are to provide a set of original methods for research and design practice in a complex social and economic context, and to raise awareness regarding the health, dignity and freedom of millions of workers.

This book presents the comprehensive results of experimental and numerical investigations of glass facade breakage behavior under fire conditions. First of all, full-scale frame and point-supported glass facades, incorporating single, double and coated glazing, were tested under pool fire conductions. The results determined the effects of different glass frames, types of glass, and thermal shocks on breakage behavior. Small-scale tests, using the Material Testing System (MTS) 810, Netzsch Dilatometer and FE-SEM, were also performed at different temperatures to determine the basic mechanical properties of glazing. In addition, a three-dimensional dynamic model was developed to predict stress distribution, crack initiation and propagation, and has since been employed to identify the breakage mechanisms of different types of glass facade. The numerical results showed very good agreement with the experimental results and verified the model's ability to accurately predict breakage. Lastly, a theoretical model based on incident heat flux was developed to predict the breakage time and heat transfer in glazing, which served to reveal the nature of interactions between fire and glass.

This textbook presents the principal methods of stress analysis for the design of frame structures, beginning with a description of the basic criteria for probabilistic safety verification used in modern codes. The Force Method and the Displacement Method are dealt with, together with their applications to more common structural situations. A special chapter is dedicated to the second order analysis required for slender structures and for the elaboration of instability problems. In turn, a thorough set of numerical examples rounds out the text. Given its scope, the book offers an ideal learning resource for students of Civil and Building Engineering and Architecture, and a valuable reference guide for practicing structural design professionals.

This book, based on the research experience and outcomes of a group of international contributors, addresses a range of advanced energy efficiency technologies and their applications in solar heating, cooling and power generation, while also providing solutions for tackling recurring low efficiency problems in today's systems. It highlights the latest technologies and methods, which can significantly improve the performance of solar systems, enabling readers to design, construct and apply high-performance solar systems in or for their own projects. The contributors provide a systematic introduction to state-of-the-art energy efficiency technologies that demonstrates how to implement innovative solar systems. These technologies include: * heat pipes and loop heat pipes; * phase change materials (PCMs) and PCM slurries; * micro-channel panels; * desiccant/adsorption cycling; * ejector cooling and heat pumps; and * solar concentration and thermoelectric units. The book shows how innovative solar systems applicable to rural and urban buildings can be analysed and demonstrates the successful implementation of these advanced technologies. It delivers the design principles and associated energy performance assessment methods for a range of selected solar heating, cooling and power generation projects. This book offers a valuable source of information for final-year undergraduate students, as well as graduate students and academic lecturers, as it promotes the widespread deployment of advanced solar heating, cooling and power generation technologies applicable for buildings across the globe. The book is also a good point of reference for design engineers and energy consultants who wish to extend their knowledge of advanced technologies used to achieve energy efficiency.