Control Systems for Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning, Sixth Edition is complete and covers both hardware control systems and modern control technology. The material is presented without bias and without prejudice toward particular hardware or software. Readers with an engineering degree will be reminded of the psychrometric processes associated with heating and air conditioning as they learn of the various controls schemes used in the variety of heating and air conditioning system types they will encountered in the field. Maintenance technicians will also find the book useful because it describes various control hardware and control strategies that were used in the past and are prevalent in most existing heating and air conditioning systems. Designers of new systems will find the fundamentals described in this book to be a useful starting point, and they will also benefit from descriptions of new digital technologies and energy management systems. This technology is found in modern building HVAC system designs.

This guide has been written by experts in the field to provide you, a consumer, with information about the use of solar energy to heat the water you use in your home. It is no secret that energy costs have been rising rapidly in the past several years, and that conventional sources of energy are in short supply. As more and more people feel the impact of the rising cost and limited availability of some types of energy, increasing attention is being given to the energy available in sunlight. No longer just a fad for some individual experimenters, no longer only a subject for scientific and engineering studies, solar energy applications are now a matter of intense interest to almost everyone. Of all of the ways in which we can capture and use solar energy to meet our needs, providing hot water is perhaps the simplest and most economical for the homeowner. Many manufacturers now make equipment and systems to provide solar-heated water, and many firms around the country are qualified to install, maintain, and service them. The Federal government and several states even provide tax credits to help cover the cost of solar energy systems. But deciding to buy and install a solar hot water system still requires you to consider a number of factors---whether the system will save you money now or in the future, what kind of system to buy and from whom to buy it, whether to install it yourself or have it installed, and similar matters. This guide is designed to provide some of the information you will need to make these decisions, and to tell you where to get the rest of the information you may need to install or have installed a satisfactory solar hot water system.

This publication of passive solar projects built in the United States has been prepared to document the state of the art in passive solar design. Passive solar heating and cooling can provide a major percentage of the buildings' energy requirement, while at the same time representing a heightened level of involvement for the architect in the design stages of the building. The full potential of this passive conditioning depends on a sensitive awareness of the relationship between climate, comfort, and the thermal characteristics of buildings and building materials. Passive solar systems are often misunderstood and vaguely defined. Many of the approaches to passive solar heating and cooling are at rudimentary stages, with little performance data and evaluation, few modeling techniques, and minimal published information. Yet for the building designer and the occupant, these concepts have major implications in the design and use of buildings. The purpose of this publication is to offer a working definition and a basic understanding of a number of existing applications of passive solar designs. Methods of passive solar design are not presented in this publication; nor are rules of thumb or passive solar assemblies and components. These subjects will be addressed in later publications. A reference bibliography has been included to assist the reader who desires more information and to stimulate additional individual research and testing. Passive design techniques can be integrated in an additive fashion in more typical buildings -but this challenge for now, is left to the reader.

This publication is about solar energy and how its use for heating and cooling will affect dwelling design and site planning. It has been prepared as a brief introduction for consumers, designers, and builders interested in solar heating and cooling. Beginning with a brief history of solar energy applications, a more thorough description of solar components and how they are organized into heating, cooling and domestic hot water systems follows. Next, factors which influence the design of solar dwellings and systems are discussed. The remain portion of the publication illustrates dwelling and site design concepts responsive to these factors for various housing types, solar systems, and climates.

Originally published in 1915, this book holds much relevance today as district heating is again being considered in many areas. Topics covered include origin and development of district heating, selling of heat, heat distribution systems, metering, district-heating stations, methods of estimating heating requirements in buildings, estimating miscellaneous steam requirements in buildings, relation between heat load and electric load in buildings, the use of heating data in making estimates on the comparative costs of isolated plant and central-station service, and the relation between central-station heating and central-station lighting and power. "The object of the book is not only to impart a general knowledge of District Heating to those who wish to study the subject, but also to promote the interests of District Heating companies. For this purpose various points on economical operation are suggested, as illustrated in the methods practiced by companies which have made a success in this line of work." - The Authors

One of the best books on electrostatics for the hobbyists, inventor, or experimenter is updated and expanded to include newly uncovered information on electrostatic generators and complete instructions for building various types, including Wimshurst and Van de Graaff generators. Throughout the book, the author provides hard-to-find information on electrical anomalies, which represent the frontier of electrostatic research.

Covering theory and presenting electroscope and other construction projects and experiments, this handbook also includes experiments with electrohorticulture, gravitation and electricity, cold light, and electric tornadoes. Homemade Lightning is both an excellent first book for the building electrical experimenter and a superb book for accomplished experimenters who havent spent much time with electrostatics.

This book helps designers and manufacturers to select and develop the most suitable and competitive steel structures, which are safe, fit for production and economic.

An optimum design system is used to find the best characteristics of structural models, which guarantee the fulfilment of design and fabrication requirements and minimize the cost function.

Realistic numerical models are used as main components of industrial steel structures.

Chapter 1 containts some experiences with the optimum design of steel structures

Chapter 2 treats some newer mathematical optimization methods.

Chapter 3 gives formulae for fabrication times and costs.

Chapters 4 deals with beams and columns. Summarizes the Eurocode rules for design.

Chapter 5 deals with the design of tubular trusses.

Chapter 6 gives the design of frame structures and fire-resistant design rules for a frame.

In Chapters 7 some minimum cost design problems of stiffened and cellular plates and shells are worked out for cases of different stiffenings and loads.

Chapter 8 gives a cost comparison of cylindrical and conical shells.

The book contains a large collection of literatures and a subject list and a name index.

Since the publication of the first edition in 1992, the HVAC industry has gone through enormous changes. As simple digital systems have given way to more complex systems, demand for information on how these systems operate, how they are best applied and how they communicate with other building control systems has grown rapidly. Direct Digital Control for Building Systems, Second Edition is thoroughly updated and expanded to include coverage of the architecture of modern digital control systems, distributed intelligence networked systems, communication protocols, the technologies and issues concerning interoperability, the latest application strategies, and defensive techniques for designing and specifying control systems. Numerous illustrations throughout help keep the subject highly accessible, and hardware, software, and systems applications are described in the most universal terms possible. This thoroughly revised second edition also contains a full section on BACnetA(R) standard and Echelon's LonWorksA(R) technology; their meaning, applications, and future implications. An up-to-date appendix is provided. Insights on emerging technologies in intelligent control systems and what the future holds for this dynamic field is covered throughout.

The easy way to keep your HVAC systems humming. Meet the demand for better quality and efficiency in air systems by mastering the latest TAB (testing, adjusting, and balancing) techniques in the Third Edition of HVAC Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing Manual, by John Gladstone and W. David Bevirt. This time-saving productivity tool puts at your fingertips proven TAB methodologies, equations, and calculations for system balancing, controls, clean rooms, sound vibration and more. Its the only resource you need to: balance air and water distribution systems; adjust the total system to provide specified quantities; perform accurate electrical measurements; establish quantitative performance of all equipment; verify automatic controls; measure sound and vibration with complete confidence; and much more.

Combustion is very much an interdisciplinary topic, drawing together elements of chemistry, fluid mechanics and heat transfer. It is an ingredient in many undergraduate degree programmes, ranging from a pivotal role in fuel science through to a component part of courses in chemical, process and building services engineering. For many students in those disciplines where combustion in heating plant is an important part of their studies, there are often problems in coming to grips with the basic principles underlying the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. In particular, the concepts of chemical and related thermodynamic changes can prove difficult to assimilate. The scientific literature dealing with combustion tends to be rather polarised, with a wealth of literature aimed at the specialist reader, but at a basic level the fundamentals of this important process are often treated rather tersely in textbooks on thermodynamics. The objective of this book is to provide an introduction to the basic principles of the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in heating plant for buildings and industrial processes. In those chapters where practice in problem solving can make a positive contribution to understanding, some numerical problems have been included. Acknowledging the ever-widening use of computers in technical education, a number of algorithms which can be easily coded up for solving numerical problems have been incorporated in the text. These can prove particularly useful in, for example, the calculation of certain fluid properties, either for use in hand calculation or for incorporation into larger programs.

In recent years, heat pumps have emerged as a promising new form of technology with a relatively low environmental impact. Moreover, they have presented householders with an opportunity to reduce their heating bills. Heat pumps can heat a building by 'pumping' heat from either the ground or the air outside: an intriguing process which utilizes principles that are somewhat analogous to those employed in the domestic refrigerator. Armed with the practical information contained in these pages, homeowners will have the necessary knowledge to take advantage of this potentially low-carbon technology to heat their properties. Now in an updated new edition, Heat Pumps for the Home describes what a heat pump is, how it works, the different methods of pumping heat and the importance of an appropriate and well-planned installation. It also provides you with the information that you need in order to make up your own mind about whether a heat pump might be appropriate to your own circumstances, and also demonstrates what you need to do to in order to make the system work efficiently.

Die Finite-Element-Methode ist heute ein Standardverfahren zur Berechnung von Stab-, Flachen- und Raumtragwerken im konstruktiven Ingenieurbau mit Hilfe des Computers. Ihre sachgemasse Anwendung erfordert das Verstandnis der Grundlagen der Methode sowie gute Kenntnisse in der Modellierung des Tragwerks. Dieses Buch will beides vermitteln. Der didaktisch sehr gute Aufbau des Buches, unterstutzt durch viele aussagefahige Beispiele, macht das Erlernen und Anwenden der Finite-Element-Methode leicht moeglich. Das Buch behandelt wichtige Fragen zur Finite-Element-Methode. Wie funktioniert die Methode? Was sind die Merkmale einer Finite-Element-Naherung? Wie koennen Fallstricke bei der Finite-Elemente-Modellierung vermieden werden und wie werden die Ergebnisse richtig interpretiert? Die Finite-Elemente-Theorie wird "so einfach wie moeglich" dargestellt und mit vielen Beispielen veranschaulicht. Ziel ist es, das grundlegende theoretische Wissen verstandlich zu vermitteln, das bei der professionellen Anwendung komplexer Finite-Element-Software in der Praxis erforderlich ist. Auch anspruchsvolle baudynamische Untersuchungen und nichtlineare Berechnungen werden behandelt. Fur die 4. Auflage wurde das Buch grundlegend uberarbeitet. Inhaltlich neu sind die vertiefte Behandlung dreidimensionaler Strukturen, der Boden-Bauwerk-Wechselwirkung und von Gesamtgebaudemodellen.

Stahlbeton war der erfolgreichste Baustoff im letzten Jahrhundert und wird es auf absehbare Zeit auch bleiben. Die fur die richtige Anwendung dieses Materials notwendigen Grundlagen fur die Berechnung von Stahlbetonbauteilen vermitteln die Autoren leicht verstandlich. Neben den genormten Regeln fur die Bemessung und die Konstruktion werden die mechanischen Grundlagen und die Wirkungsweise des Verbundwerkstoffes erklart. Da die richtige Bemessung von Stahlbeton oft als schwierig empfunden wird, geben viele Grafiken anschauliche Erklarungen. Im Anschluss an jedes Kapitel zeigen einfache Bemessungsaufgaben beispielhaft die Anwendung der Formeln.

I testi di base di Ingegneria delle Strutture, presenti in letteratura, danno per lo piu esempi introduttivi. Questo testo, invece, dopo aver dato i fondamenti disciplinari, va oltre per guidare il lettore nella costruzione di modelli matematici avanzati... E' un inedito "compromesso" tra testo di teoria di base e testo avanzato per advanced-professionals e ricercatori. Inoltre la presenza nel volume di "quadri sinottici" e schede software da la possibilita al lettore di avere sempre a portata di mano i fondamenti di una disciplina complessa."

An accessible, one-stop guide to the theory and practice of lighting design

Simplified Design of Building Lighting provides concise and easy-to-grasp coverage of building lighting basics. Requiring only a minimum of background technical knowledge, this valuable guide introduces essential concepts, terms, fixtures, and calculations, along with practical methods necessary for effective lighting design. Examples and exercises—with detailed solutions—are provided for each chapter to help the reader both understand and apply the material presented.

Covers natural lighting and electrical lighting

• Reconciles current IES terms with previous ones
• Includes both IES and CIE lighting methods and calculations
• Contains a simple version of the point method for all orientations
• Presents useful working design guidelines
• Features required topics for architect licensing exams
• Comes with helpful tables, charts, and worksheets.

Refreshingly clear in content and format, this self-contained handbook is an ideal resource for students and professionals in architecture, interior design, electrical engineering, and related fields. He is Associate Professor of Architecture at the University of Southern California. He is the editor of Simulating Daylight with Architectural Models and coauthor of Landscape Design That Saves Energy.

He is Editor of the Parker/Ambrose Series of Simplified Design Guides. He has practiced as an architect in California and Illinois, and as a structural engineer in Illinois. He recently retired as professor of architecture at the University of Southern California.

Kompakter Leitfaden zur schrittweisen Erarbeitung der Bedarfsplanung von Hochbauaufgaben Entscheidende Fehler bereits in der ersten Phase eines Projektes vermeiden Qualitative und quantitative Anforderungen erarbeiten und abstimmen

Air conditioning refers to the cooling and dehumidification of indoor air for thermal comfort. This requires systems for heating, venting and air conditioning (HVAC). This book discusses the application and performance on thermal comfort, indoor air quality and energy efficiency of a variety of room air distribution modes. Efficient energy performance of HVAC systems due to active and passive control of energy consumption are also addressed. Furthermore, this book explores a passive energy system, called air-conditioning cupboard which exploit renewable energies as thermal sources for the purpose of saving energy. Additionally, the thermal supply for air conditioning systems can be carried out efficiently using reversible air pumps. Thus this book examines how to improve the design of these pumps, which have great potential, particularly in Mediterranean climates. Other chapters in this book explore the use of artificial neural networks (ANN) for air conditioning systems; the ventilation concepts utilising ambient energy from air ground and other renewable energy sources and different types of air-conditioning systems with good energy-saving potential, such as the liquid desiccant cooling system (LDCS) and solar-powered air-conditioning systems.

During the nineteenth century, Britain became the first gaslit society, with electric lighting arriving in 1878. At the same time, the British government significantly expanded its power to observe and monitor its subjects. How did such enormous changes in the way people saw and were seen affect Victorian culture? To answer that question, Chris Otter mounts an ambitious history of illumination and vision in Britain, drawing on extensive research into everything from the science of perception and lighting technologies to urban design and government administration. He explores how light facilitated such practices as safe transportation and private reading, as well as institutional efforts to collect knowledge. And he contends that, contrary to presumptions that illumination helped create a society controlled by intrusive surveillance, the new radiance often led to greater personal freedom and was integral to the development of modern liberal society.
"The Victorian Eye"'s innovative interdisciplinary approach--and generous illustrations---will captivate a range of readers interested in the history of modern Britain, visual culture, technology, and urbanization.

Ausgehend von den chemischen Grundlagen werden in diesem Buch die Anwendung und der Einsatz von Kunststoffen im Bauwesen beschrieben. Neben dem allgemeinen Schutz von Oberflachen gehen die Autoren auf die Verfahren im Rahmen von Sanierungsmassnahmen ein und analysieren kunststoffmodifizierte Baustoffe."

Beton, Stahlbeton und Faserbeton sind Baustoffe, die nacheinander in grossen Zeitabstanden entwickelt wurden. Auf Grund ihrer unterschiedlichen Zusammensetzung haben sie voneinander sehr abweichende Eigenschaften, die bei jeder Anwendung auch berucksichtigt werden sollten. Diese mussen beobachtet und auch messtechnisch festgehalten werden, denn sie entscheiden uber die Gebrauchszeit eines Bauwerkes. Gerade durch unterschiedliche Formen und auch Umwelteinflusse wird diese Gebrauchszeit sehr stark beeinflusst. Es wird in einer abschliessenden Tabelle dieser Zusammenhang aufgezeigt.