Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a chronic disease of the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts leading to obstructions and dilatations followed by liver cirrhosis and in some cases cholangiocarcinoma. In 50% of cases primary sclerosing cholangitis is associated with inflammatory bowel disease. The cause of the disease is unknown and many questions concerning the pathogenesis still remain open. In recent years our knowledge of the natural course, the risk of cholangiocarcinoma and the possibility of medical, endoscopic and surgical treatment has increased. Ursodeoxycholic acid, endoscopic treatment and liver transplantation have become standard therapeutic procedures. This book is the proceedings of the Falk Workshop held on October 3, 1997, in Freiburg, Germany (Part II of the Liver Week Freiburg 1997), and covers the most important aspects of this fascinating disease.

Inflammation and cancer are two major disorders that cause huge concerns in our society. However, what one may not know is that both diseases are closely associated and, in particular, both occur in the gastrointestinal tract and liver. This book describes the mechanics of how inflammation can progress to cancer in these organs. The authors in this book comprehensively discuss the different biomarkers for early diagnosis, and current therapeutic treatments for these diseases. All of these would allow us to better understand the pathogenesis of both diseases. As such, this book provides comprehensive information concerning the interrelationship between inflammation and cancer in a cohesive manner, and the information derived would benefit not only basic scientists but also clinicians who are working in these fields.

Prometheus was punished by the supreme god Zeus for giving to mankind the Olympic fire with which they learned to think and feel. He was chained to a cliff in the Caucasus, where, to make matters worse, he was visited daily by an eagle who ate part of his liver. At night, however, his liver grew back. We now know that the liver can regenerate, but were the ancient Greeks aware of this quality? The myth of Prometheus has been a source of inspiration for many visual artists over the centuries. In this book, the medical history of the liver is traced through the ages through an examination of historical texts on the organ's functions and properties, parallel to the art movements in which the fascinating iconography of Prometheus is reviewed. The book offers a surprising interplay of art and medicine, placing emphasis on the unique morphology of the liver.

From embryology to epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, complications, treatment and prognosis, this book provides a comprehensive overview and the latest evidence-based data on pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM), a congenital malformation in which the pancreatic and bile ducts join anatomically outside the duodenal wall. Resulting in various pathologic conditions, such as biliary cancer and pancreatitis, immediate prophylactic surgery is recommended upon diagnosis. The standard operative procedure for congenital biliary dilatation (CBD) is extrahepatic bile duct resection with bilioenteric anastomosis, but the optimal treatment of adult patients with PBM without biliary dilatation remains highly debatable. This book, written by pioneering editors and authors provides latest data, sheds new light on the disease. With abundant figures to aid understanding, Pancreaticobiliary Maljunction and Congenital Biliary Dilatation appeals to a wide readership, especially adult and pediatric surgeons, physicians including gastroenterologists and endoscopists, as well as radiologists and pathologists.

The regenerative capacity of the liver has been recognized for centuries, but when it is overwhelmed by insulting stimuli or is chronically damaged, its regenerative capability is substantially reduced or lost. Researchers have been working to find solutions to cure failing human liver function. Given the ability of stem cells to self- renew and differentiate into specialized cell liver types, they represent an attractive strategy to replace lost liver function. This book begins by outlining the complex nature of human liver disease and proceeds to examine the potential that stem cell-based approaches have to offer.

This text provides a comprehensive review of ERCP and EUS and the clinical conditions for which they are employed. Presented in a case-based format with accompanying videos, it will serve as a valuable practical clinical resource for gastroenterologists with an interest in ERCP and EUS. The text highlights major techniques involved in ERCP, reviews complications and recent data on preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis, and discusses important issues in training in ERCP including use of endoscopic simulators and assessment of competency as emphasized in the new ACGME guidelines. For biliary diseases, new techniques for managing biliary stones, novel technologies for diagnosing indeterminate biliary strictures, and new devices for treating benign and malignant strictures are also highlighted. For pancreatic diseases, advances in minimally invasive endoscopic techniques for pancreatic stones and strictures, and management of the complications of pancreatitis are reviewed. Furthermore, ERCP is not limited by age, pregnancy or history of abdominal surgeries and special considerations particular to these patient populations are also discussed. The EUS chapters review the breadth of equipment available for performing EUS and EUS-FNA, detail the technique of performing EUS-FNA, and explore pertinent issues with training and assessing competency analogous to ERCP training. Valuable insights on the basics of cytopathology relevant to the endosonographer are summarized. The classic indication for EUS of staging luminal cancers is examined in detail while pancreaticobiliary indications are discussed highlighting newer adjunctive technologies including elastography and contrast-enhanced EUS. Although in its infancy, the brave new world of therapeutic EUS is explored with a focus on endoscopic necrosectomy, EUS-guided biliary and pancreatic access as well as the exciting possibilities of EUS-guided radiofrequency ablation and injection of anti-tumor agents. ERCP and EUS: A Case Based Approach will serve as a very useful resource for physicians who perform or refer patients for ERCP and EUS. It provides a concise yet comprehensive summary of the current status of ERCP and EUS that will help guide patient management and stimulate clinical research.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a straightforward abdominal surgery performed worldwide, which can occasionally be mired with life-threatening complications when the safety principles are flouted. The tips and tricks of safety given in this book provide a complete insight into the variability of biliary anatomy, the nuances, and the technique of addressing the safety issues during routine and complicated procedures. Additionally, the book also explores the reasons for complications in real-life situations and suggests means for their avoidance. Using high-resolution video grabs, appropriately edited, an attempt has been made to explain all critical issues during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Key Features Explains the Do's & Don'ts of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a concise and focused atlas form. Serves as an illustrated reference to perform a safe uncomplicated cholecystectomy for postgraduate students in general surgery, surgeons practicing minimally invasive surgery and hepatobiliary surgeons. Uses high quality operative videos to provide a detailed understanding of real-life situations and means to comply with safety measures.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a straightforward abdominal surgery performed worldwide, which can occasionally be mired with life-threatening complications when the safety principles are flouted. The tips and tricks of safety given in this book provide a complete insight into the variability of biliary anatomy, the nuances, and the technique of addressing the safety issues during routine and complicated procedures. Additionally, the book also explores the reasons for complications in real-life situations and suggests means for their avoidance. Using high-resolution video grabs, appropriately edited, an attempt has been made to explain all critical issues during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Key Features Explains the Do's & Don'ts of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a concise and focused atlas form. Serves as an illustrated reference to perform a safe uncomplicated cholecystectomy for postgraduate students in general surgery, surgeons practicing minimally invasive surgery and hepatobiliary surgeons. Uses high quality operative videos to provide a detailed understanding of real-life situations and means to comply with safety measures.

Hepatocytes account for approximately 80% of the liver mass and play a significant role in various aspects of liver physiopathology, exhibiting unrivaled complexity and diversity of functions. In Hepatocytes: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers provide the reader with methods, technical protocols, and review chapters focusing on selected areas of hepatocyte biology including isolation, culture, differentiation and stem cells, and hepatocyte use in clinical, basic, and applied research. With a specific emphasis on human hepatocytes, the volume presents chapters covering subjects including hepatocyte culture models, cryopreservation methods, differentiation assessment, liver ontogenesis, production of hepatocytes from stem cells, drug/xenobiotic metabolism, toxicity and transport, bile acid and blood coagulation factor production, infection by HBV and HCV, humanized animals, biortificial liver devices, hepatocyte transplantation. As a volume in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology (TM) series, protocol chapters include brief introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, Hepatocytes: Methods and Protocols will be useful to all those who are currently using or planning to use human, or animal, hepatocytes to investigate any aspect of liver physiopathology or who are interested in liver development or liver stem cells and liver biotherapy.

First published in 1995: Clinically Applied Microcirculation Research combines state-of-the-art microcirculation technology with present and potential applications in clinical medicine. This comprehensive guide unites the expertise of clinicians and basic researchers from around the world. Many of the chapters are authored by scientist/physician teams. The book provides a broad overview of how microcirculation is involved in clinical research. This is also a valuable reference source for both the history of and latest developments in microcirculation research.

A concise, practical guide to the diagnosis and treatment of liver disease. Authoritative and practical, this important new book not only spells out the advantages and limitations of the latest diagnostic tests, but also provides numerous algorithms for evaluating patients and treating the liver problems commonly encountered by primary care physicians. Here, too, the reader will find described the nuances of serological tests for the detection of viral infections and how best to use invasive and noninvasive radiological tests in specific circumstances. Common complications are fully discussed and detailed practical information is given on how to recognize the patient's immediate problems and deal with them effectively. This book's numerous diagrams, clinical "pearls," and cost comparisons will clarify the often complex and bewildering array of conditions associated with liver disease and make it a definitive and indispensable guide for primary care physicians, medical students, and residents.

Cancer is one of the major health problems of our time and liver cancer is responsible for over one million deaths per year world-wide, making it the fourth most common cause of death from cancer. Surgical resection of the tumour(s) is the treatment of choice and offers the only chance of prolonged survival. Yet the best attempts are often frustrated by either advanced or co-existent disease that renders the patient non-respectable. This book tackles the many options available to doctors and patients in an attempt to combat this desperate disease.

Contents:
Part 1. Specific Lesions 1. Alcoholic Fatty Liver Andrew J. Bathgate and Kenneth J. Simpson 2. Alcoholic Hepatitus H. Denk, K. Zatloukal and C. StumptnerIN 3. Fibrosis in Alcoholic Cirrhosis Samuel W. French Part 2. Direct and Indirect Consequences of Alcohol Metabolism 4. Genetics of Ethanol Metabolism and Alcoholic Liver Disease Paul Y. Kwo and David W. Crabb 5. Acetaldehyde Adducts: Role in Ethanol-Induced Liver Disease John Koskinas Part 3. Mechanisms of Damage 6. Free Radicals and Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury Emanuele Albano 7. Ethanol and the Hepatic Microcirculation Robert S. McCuskey 8. Cytokines and Alcohol Liver Disease F. Javier Laso, J. Ignacio Madruga Alberto Orfao 9. Adhesion Molecules and Chemokines in Alcoholic Liver Disease Neil C. Fisher and David H. Adams 10. Role of Endotoxin and Kupffer Cells as Triggers of Hypoxia-Reoxygenation in Alcoholic Liver Injury R.G. Thurman, B.U. Bradford, K.T. Knecht, Y. Iimuro, G.E. Arteel, M. Yin, H.D. Connor, C. Rivera, J.A. Raleigh, M.V. Frankenberg, Y. Adachi, D.T. Forman, D. Brenner, M. Kadiiska and R.P. Mason 11. Ethanol and Protein Turnover Elena Volpi 12. Insulin-Like Growth Factors: Clinical and Experimental Anthony J. Donaghy 13. Cellular Mechanisms of Liver Regeneration and the Effect of Alcohol Martin Phillips, Elika Kashef and Robin Hughes 14. Alcohol and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Stephen D. Ryder 15. Animal Models of Ethanol-Induced Liver Disease Harri A. Järveläinen and Kai O. Lindros Part 4. Epidemiology and Diagnosis 16. Epidemiology and Comparative Incidence of Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease John B. Saunders and Benedict M. Devereaux 17. Serum Diagnosis of Alcoholic Liver Disease and Markers of Ethanol Intake Onni Niemelä Part 5. Extrahepatic Effects 18. Extrahepatic Effects of Alcohol: An Overview Helen L. Reeves and Christopher P. Day 19. Endocrine System Christian Gluud 20. Cardiomyopathy and Skeletal Muscle Myopathy Alvaro Urbano-Márquez, Joaquim Fernández-Solà and Ramon Estruch 21. Cerebral Consequences of Alcoholic Liver Disease Roger F. Butterworth Part 6. Management 22. General Management of Alcoholic Liver Disease Martin Phillips and John O'Grady 23. The Role of the Psychiatrist in the Treatment of Alcoholic Liver Disease José Martínez-Raga and E. Jane Marshall 24. Pharmacological Treatment for Alcoholic Hepatitis and Cirrhosis: Present Practice and Future Strategies Philippe Mathurin and Thierry Poynard 25. Nutritional Support in Alcoholic Liver Disease: Practical Management and Future Strategies Angela Madden 26. Alcohol and Viral Hepatitis: Interactions and Management Albert Parés and Joan Caballería 27. Liver Transplantation in Alcoholic Liver Disease Stephen P. Pereira and Roger Williams

Chronic hepatitis B and C affect 520 million people worldwide, and are a major cause of chronic liver disease and of mortality, despite the efficacy of the vaccine. Hepatitis B and C: Management and Treatment second edition provides a practical explanation of the natural history and management of the disease, and examines the benefits of the most recent drugs, and their effects, whether used in isolation or as part of a combination therapy. This second edition expands the coverage of treatment of various difficult-to-treat patients and will be a welcome guide to the physician in both clinical decision-making and in explaining the benefits and side-effects to the patient.

First published in 1995: Clinically Applied Microcirculation Research combines state-of-the-art microcirculation technology with present and potential applications in clinical medicine. This comprehensive guide unites the expertise of clinicians and basic researchers from around the world. Many of the chapters are authored by scientist/physician teams. The book provides a broad overview of how microcirculation is involved in clinical research. This is also a valuable reference source for both the history of and latest developments in microcirculation research.

This second edition looks at the physiologic, biochemical, and morphologic characteristics of hepatotoxicity and includes an analysis of techniques in molecular biology and immunochemistry, among others contributing to the growth in understanding of the toxic events involved. It focuses on clinical characterization of chemical hepatotoxicity, microscopic characteristics of the mechanisms by which chemicals can produce liver injury and experimental models useful for the study of liver dysfunction.

Leading international virologists review the state-of-the-art in the biology, pathogenesis, and epidemiology of the hepatitis viruses. The authorities writing here examine the five well-recognized hepatitis viruses, A through E, and some of the newer agents, the so-called non- A-E hepatitis viruses. They also provide in-depth discussions of the biological nature of the viruses, the pathogenesis of the acute and chronic diseases they cause, the methods and ease with which they are transmitted, and their clinical signs and symptoms. Additional topics include diagnostic tests and routine blood screening, new vaccines, and the use of interferon and antiviral drugs. Viral Hepatitis: Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prevention provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date survey of the hepatitis viruses currently available

Primary liver cancer is the third most deadly and fifth most common cancer worldwide (approximately 500,000 deaths annually), with a sharp increase of incidence in the United States in recent years. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CC) are the major types of primary liver cancer. Risk factors include gender, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), cirrhosis, metabolism diseases, diabetes, obesity, toxins, excess alcohol consumption and smoking. Liver cancer arises most frequently in inflammatory livers with extensive oxidative stress due to viral hepatitis which causes over 80 per cent of HCC cases worldwide. Currently, survival remains dismal for most HCC and CC patients, largely due to the tumor's aggressiveness at the time of diagnosis and the lack of effective therapy.

Zinc has an important role in human physiology due to its involvement in numerous enzymatic reactions and its other functions as part of hormones and structural proteins. As a consequence a wide variety of symptoms may occur in different states of zinc deficiency. Several diseases of the digestive tract can lead to zinc deficiency and consequently to deficiency symptoms. This book, the proceedings of an International Falk Workshop held in Freiburg, Germany, on 27 October 1996, aims at a dialogue between basic researchers and gastroenterologists in order to improve the understanding of the role of zinc in disorders of the digestive tract. Based on lectures on the role of zinc in cell biology, the pathophysiology of zinc deficiency and consequently the possibilities of zinc substitution in these disorders is discussed. It is hoped that this book will initiate fruitful discussions and collaborations leading to a better knowledge of the role of this trace element in gastroenterology.

This essential volume presents comprehensive information on cell death and autophagy in liver diseases, including the role and molecular signaling pathways of cell death in alcohol and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, bile acids, hepatitis C virus and drug-induced liver injury. The book starts with a discussion of lipotoxicity in non-parenchymal cells, followed by a discussion of cell death and autophagy in cholangiocytes, hepatic stellate cells and Kupffer cells in hepatic biliary diseases, fibrosis and liver inflammation. The book also covers Bcl-2 family proteins, beta-catenin and HMGB1 signaling in regulating cell death in the liver as well as mitochondria, ER stress and gut microbiota on liver injury. The Cell Death in Biology and Diseases series has recruited world experts ranging from basic scientists to clinicians on cell death in liver diseases. Likewise the contributors of this volume are leaders in their fields with worldwide expertise and perspective. Molecul es, Systems and Signaling in Liver Injury is an essential companion to Hepatocytes and Non-Parenchymal Cells and Diseases. It is beneficial for both clinicians and basic scientists and is relevant to those working on drug discovery for preventing and treating liver diseases by targeting cell death and autophagy pathways.

This book presents current recommendations for vaccination for pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis in all suitable target populations and groups. It provides immunization guidelines from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration for health care workers and others at occupational risk of exposure and for routine vaccinations by the Immune Practices Advisory Committee of the Centers for Disease Control.;Covering all aspects of the production, testing and applications of Hepatitis B vaccines, this book: lists all available vaccines worldwide; discusses all serological assays in the field; examines how the vaccine was tested in international clinical trials; describes new programmes for universal immunization of infants; and reveals how the vaccine may prevent some forms of hepatocellular carcinoma.;The book should be of interest to: infectious disease specialists, clinical virologists, immunologists, haematologists, oncologists, hepatologists and gastroenterologists, paediatricians, pharmacologists, molecular biologists, biochemists, biotechnologists, genetic engineers, occupational safety administrators and public health specialists; and upper level undergraduate, graduate and medical school students of these disciplines.

"...excellent, well-organized, and timely." -Lester Packer and Enrique Cardenas, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, from the Series Preface The liver is a vital organ that is responsible for a wide range of functions, most of which are essential for survival. The multitude of functions the liver performs makes it vulnerable to a wide range of diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in many liver diseases including drug-induced liver injury, alcoholic liver disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Mitochondria in Liver Disease gathers the most current research regarding the role of mitochondria in the liver and various diseases to which it is susceptible. The book is separated into two sections, the first of which highlights the latest developments in mitochondrial research. It includes cutting-edge topics such as the regulation of mitochondrial respiration using hydrogen sulfide and the regulation of mitochondrial fusion-fission via the endoplasmic reticulum. The second section reviews the most current research on the role of mitochondria in a wide range of liver diseases. It also addresses novel topics such as the importance of liver mitochondrial constituents as biomarkers of liver injury in plasma and as regulators of the immune system. Mitochondria in Liver Disease represents the current state of knowledge and research on mitochondrial roles in liver diseases. Written by a group of global experts, it provides an authoritative and comprehensive overview of the latest advances and methods that mark key starting points for future research.

The #1 New York Times best-selling author and beloved healing authority reveals how taking your liver off overload can help resolve a wide range of symptoms and conditions--and transform your health in ways you've never imagined.

What if you could focus on one aspect of your well-being to transform all the others--and at the same time prevent health problems you didn't even know were lurking beneath the surface?

In today's world, we have no idea how many symptoms, conditions, and diseases are rooted in an overloaded liver. It's not only about liver cancer, cirrhosis, and hepatitis. Nearly every challenge--from pesky general health complaints to digestive issues to emotional struggles to weight gain to high blood pressure to heart problems to brain fog to skin conditions to autoimmune and other chronic illnesses--has an origin in an overloaded liver and can improve and heal when you harness the force of this humble organ.

Medical Medium Liver Rescue offers the answers you should have had all along. With his signature compassion, Anthony William, the Medical Medium, shares unparalleled insights into undiscovered functions of our life-saving livers, explains what's behind dozens of health issues that hold us back, and offers detailed guidance on how to move forward so we can live our best lives. Find out for yourself what liver rescue is all about: being clearer-headed, more peaceful, happier, and better able to adapt to our fast-changing times. Learn how to sleep well, balance blood sugar, lower blood pressure, lose weight, and look and feel younger. A healthy liver is the ultimate de-stressor, anti-aging ally, and safeguard against a threatening world--if we give it the right support.

An easy to follow step-by-step guide to the most useful surgical skills from knot tying to simple procedures. Illustrated with colour photographs and video clips to demonstrate techniques, this book makes these practical skills as clear and easy to follow as possible. Including coverage of surgical instruments, wound management and suturing, and minor surgical procedures, it also explains how to use these essential surgical skills to make the most of a surgical placement. Healthcare students or junior professionals undertaking a placement in surgery or emergency medicine will feel confident and capable, and will be able to take an active role in surgical placements. Learning basic surgical skills is important for such placements, as well as for undertaking exams such as the Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons (MRCS).

Protect your mighty liver! Learn how it keeps you healthy, how to keep it healthy, and why you need to act now! The liver is the most overlooked and misunderstood of all our body's organs. Because of the sudden, potentially fatal consequences of heart attack and stroke, everyone's attention is always focused on the heart or the brain, but without a healthy liver, you ultimately cannot survive. Of all your organs, none does more for you than the liver. Still, until something goes wrong with the liver, it's usually completely overlooked. The Liver Cure: Natural Solutions for Liver Health to Target Symptoms of Fatty Liver Disease, Autoimmune Diseases, Diabetes, Inflammation, Stress & Fatigue, Skin Conditions, and Many More explains the major reasons why you need to take action NOW to protect your liver, because it is assaulted everyday by factors in our modern-day life. The liver is the site for the body's most powerful detoxification, but over the years an unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle choices, and environmental toxins can take their toll on liver health. World renowned physician and author Dr. Russell Blaylock provides a comprehensive overview of the liver, outlines the latest health information on the many dangers to your liver-health, and what you can do to protect it: Why the Liver is Your Body's Most Important Organ Your Liver's Role in Disease The Dangers of Cancer, Cirrhosis, Hepatitis & Fatty Liver Disease Medication & Environmental Hazards Poor Lifestyle Choices that Will Hurt Your Liver The Best Exercise for Liver Health How to Follow a Pro-Liver Diet Transplant Options & Cautions The Liver Cure offers natural remedies, lifestyle strategies, and dietary solutions that can take your liver off overload to resolve a wide range of symptoms and conditions, along with the latest treatment solutions from conventional and alternative therapies to new scientific discoveries and interventions.