The acute abdomen often perplexes the expert as well as the young physician. There are few areas in medicine in which Hippocrates' aphorism-the art is long, life is short, decision difficult, and delay perilous-is more applicable than here. Too often the harried physician fails to listen to the patient who is trying desperately to suggest the diagnosis. The significance of various types and location of pain often are neglected by the doctor. Physical findings are influenced by experience; the presence or absence of tenderness or a mass may be answered in entirely different ways by various observers. Because solid facts frequently are lacking, attempts to resolve diagnostic dilemmas by computer analysis or by algorithms are not likely to be successful. Fortunately, in the great majority of cases, unusual and difficult diagnostic procedures are not necessary for the identification of the acute abdomen and of the major disease. Astute clinical judgment must be based primarily upon careful attention to the pa tient's words and detailed observation."

Gastroenterologic endoscopy has made important progress in the past decade. New techniques and ideas have given it new life. The end of this evolution is not yet in sight. FuIly flexible fiberoptic instruments have eliminated all blank areas from the map of the gastrointestinal tract. Retro- grade visualization of the pancreatic and biliary system has been achieved in conjunction with radiologic methods. Operative endoscopy has de- veloped beyond the removal of foreign bodies, to a stage where laparotomy can be avoided in a number of situations. Hemostasis by laser coagulation and crushing of concrements by ultrasound and electric energy have reached the threshold of clinical applicability. With all these spectacular develop- ments, however, it is important to maintain a firm grasp of the fundamentals of endoscopy. This is the basis of day-to-day success and includes knowl- edge of the proper indications, the ability to manage complications, famil- iarity with the technical properties of the instruments, their skillful handling, and experience in organizing an endoscopy section. Endoscopists, particu- larly members of the Erlangen group, have undertaken the task of charting these fundamentals and of compiling them into a working manual for those already practicing endoscopy or intending to do so. They have been sup- ported in this effort by colleagues from other parts of the Federal Republic of Germany and from Italy.

Dieses Buch ist nach der "Ulcus-Therapie" und den "Postoperativen Syndromen" der dritte Folgeband der Reihe "Interdisziplinare Gastro- enterologie". Die Reflux-Therapie erschien uns als interdisziplinares Thema besonders geeignet. Mehr noch als bei der Ulcus-Therapie ist die Grenzlinie zwischen konservativer und operativer Therapie verwaschen. Wahrend bei der Ulcuskrankheit zumindestens gewisse Vorstellungen uber die Definition des Krankheitsbildes und die Haufigkeit der Er- krankungen bestehen, besteht hieruber - auch heute noch - bei der Refluxkrankheit Unklarheit. Viele Arzte arbeiten nicht mit dem Begriff "Refluxkrankheit" , sondern sehen des Problem einzig im Zusammenhang mit der Hiatushernie. Andere fuhren Refluxbeschwerden automatisch auf eine "Gastritis" zuruck. Dementsprechend herrschen auch uber die therapeutischen Moglichkeiten Unklarheiten. Wahrend die einen auto- matisch beim Vorliegen einer Hiatushernie eine chirurgische Therapie anstreben, beginnen die anderen beim Vorliegen von "Hyperaziditats- beschwerden" nicht einmal mit einer Diagnostik, sondern begnugen sich mit halbherzigen palliativen Massnahmen. Es schien uns deshalb angezeigt, eine Gruppe von Sachkennern dieser Materie zusammenzurufen, eine Bestandsaufnahme vorzunehmen und therapeutische Richtlinien zu erarbeiten. Solche Bemuhungen sind bedeutungsvoll, da die Refluxkrankheit bei ahnlicher Symptomatologie im einen Fall eine harmlose, fast zu vernachlassigende Storung dar- stellt, im anderen Fall aber zu einer bedrohlichen Erkrankung fort- schreiten und im schlimmsten Fall sogar der Schrittmacher eines malignen Tumors sein kann.

The aim of this book is to present a unique compilation of lectures given by international speakers at the Hammersmith Hospital during the recent Meetings in Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplantation.

New therapeutical approaches, advances in oncology and in diagnostic imaging, which reduce the need for invasive techniques and reach an improvement in survival and quality of life in cancer, are considered in this book. Modern literature has been reviewed with special reference to articles of general interest. In the clinical management of patients with liver, bile duct and pancreas diseases, it is important to assess the degree of disturbance and to diagnose the causative insult, and therefore clinical and laboratory methods of assessing each of these pathologies are of high interest.

This version is an up-to-date account of diseases of the liver, biliary tract and pancreas, including transplantation, which we trust will be of value for surgeons, physicians and pathologists and also a reference book for medical students.

"...excellent, well-organized, and timely." -Lester Packer and Enrique Cardenas, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, from the Series Preface The liver is a vital organ that is responsible for a wide range of functions, most of which are essential for survival. The multitude of functions the liver performs makes it vulnerable to a wide range of diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in many liver diseases including drug-induced liver injury, alcoholic liver disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Mitochondria in Liver Disease gathers the most current research regarding the role of mitochondria in the liver and various diseases to which it is susceptible. The book is separated into two sections, the first of which highlights the latest developments in mitochondrial research. It includes cutting-edge topics such as the regulation of mitochondrial respiration using hydrogen sulfide and the regulation of mitochondrial fusion-fission via the endoplasmic reticulum. The second section reviews the most current research on the role of mitochondria in a wide range of liver diseases. It also addresses novel topics such as the importance of liver mitochondrial constituents as biomarkers of liver injury in plasma and as regulators of the immune system. Mitochondria in Liver Disease represents the current state of knowledge and research on mitochondrial roles in liver diseases. Written by a group of global experts, it provides an authoritative and comprehensive overview of the latest advances and methods that mark key starting points for future research.

A practical, portable handbook, newly updated with nearly 100 color images and figures, The Little GI Book: An Easily Digestible Guide to Understanding Gastroenterology, Second Edition is an invaluable resource for anyone new to the world of gastroenterology and hepatology. Featuring new information on the latest advancements in gastroenterology and hepatology and written in a friendly, conversational style, The Little GI Book will help readers learn the core concepts of digestive health and disease and absorb important information without a hiccup. Author Dr. Douglas G. Adler provides a comprehensive, soup-to-nuts guide to gastrointestinal anatomy, physiology, disease states, and treatment. With new color images throughout, The Little GI Book guides the reader through the entire gastrointestinal tract, starting at the top with the esophagus, ending at the bottom with the colon and rectum, and covering everything in between: the stomach, small intestine, liver, pancreas, bile ducts, and gallbladder. The Little GI Book is an indispensable pocket guide for residents, students, nurse practitioners, office staff, industry sales force, and anyone who works in the GI industry but isn't a gastroenterologist.

* Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) used to be regarded as a rare disease. However, the increasing numbers of chronic HCC carriers in the U.S. and subsequent increased incidences of HCC seen in most large medical centers means that it is no longer an uncommon disease for gastroenterologists or oncologists to encounter and its incidence and epidemiology are changing. During this exciting time in the field of HCC basic science and clinical management, many changes are simultaneously occurring at multiple levels of our understanding and management of the disease. Suddenly, there are several new choices of therapy to offer patients. Hepatocellular Carcinoma, 3rd edition addresses this fast-changing disease and gives the reader a clearer understanding of the many mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis of the liver. This comprehensive and detailed review of how to diagnose and treat hepatocellular carcinoma is written by international leaders in the field, covering both clinical treatment choices and the basic science underlying HCC development. Updated and enhanced from the last edition in 2009, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, 3rd edition features 12 new chapters including discussion of molecular markers, molecular hepatocarcinogenesis, microenvironment, heterogeneity, the new and exciting contributions of immunotherapy, and updates on the major effective hepatitis therapies that will transform HCC incidence and perhaps also the therapy. This cutting-edge text is a vital resource and must-have for today's hepatologists and medical and surgical oncologists. "This is a well written text and should be a good reference book for those who see patients with HCC.." - Practical Gastroenterology "...a useful tool for both physicians and surgeons with a specific interest in the management of patients with HCC." - Digestive and Liver Disease

Mount Sinai Expert Guides: Hepatology will provide gastroenterology and hepatology trainees with an extremely clinical and accessible handbook covering the major liver diseases and symptoms, their diagnosis and clinical management. Perfect as a point-of-care resource on the hospital wards and also as a refresher for board exam preparation, the focus throughout is on providing rapid reference, essential information on each disease to allow for quick, easy browsing and assimilation of the must-know information. All chapters follow a consistent template including the following features: - An opening bottom-line/key points section - Classification, pathogenesis and prevention of disease - Evidence-based diagnosis, including relevant algorithms, laboratory and imaging tests, and potential pitfalls when diagnosing a patient - Disease management including commonly used medications with dosages, when to perform surgery, management algorithms and how to prevent complications - How to manage special populations, ie, in pregnancy, children and the elderly - The very latest evidence-based results, major society guidelines (AASLD/EASL) and key external sources to consult In addition, the book comes with a companion website housing extra features such as case studies with related questions for self-assessment, key patient advice and ICD codes. Each guide also has its own mobile app available for purchase, allowing you rapid access to the key features wherever you may be. If you're specialising in hepatology and require a concise, practical guide to the clinical management of liver disease, bought to you by one of world's leading hospitals, then this is the perfect book for you. This title is also available as a mobile App from MedHand Mobile Libraries. Buy it now from iTunes, Google Play or the MedHand Store.

This volume presents a concise yet comprehensive overview on all facets concerning the complications of cirrhosis. Structured in three sections, the book reviews the natural history of cirrhosis, the diagnostic and predictive tools available to assess the disease, complications, and treatment options such as liver assist devices and transplantation. Topical concerns in the management of patients with cirrhosis are also addressed, including issues pertaining to the delivery of quality care in this patient population. Written by experts in their fields, Complications of Cirrhosis: Evaluation and Management serves as a valuable resource for practitioners and physicians-in-training on the subject of cirrhosis.

Liver disease has been identified as a leading cause of death in HIV-infected patients since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in 1996. The HIV treatment community has been caught largely unaware of this emerging dilemma. Many HIV care providers are ill-equipped to understand and interpret liver injury patterns, or to provide comprehensive care and management for viral coinfections which they are not familiar with. HIV and Liver Disease provides a comprehensive update of the field covering the epidemiology, pathogenesis, management and treatment of liver disease in patients with HIV infection. The volume will help HIV care providers understand and interpret liver injury patterns, and/or provide comprehensive care and management for viral coinfections. Gastroenterologists and hepatologists will gain an understanding of complex drug regimens that are used to treat HIV and which may impact HCV and HBV treatment. Written by expert clinicians and researchers across multiple disciplines, HIV and Liver Disease will be of great value to gastroenterologists, hepatologists, infectious disease practitioners, as well as other health care providers who provide care or participate in research in the field of HIV.

Variceal Hemorrhage provides an update of the evidence concerning several aspects of variceal hemorrhage. The book features new information on natural history, diagnosis of esophageal varices, assessment of the risk of bleeding and identification of high risk groups and patients who may benefit or be harmed from different treatments. The volume also presents a critical analysis of the different steps in the management of acute variceal bleeding. Authored by the most prominent world experts in their areas of expertise, Variceal Hemorrhage serves as a very useful reference for gastroenterologists, GI surgeons, residents in internal medicine and physicians dealing with and interested in the different aspects of this severe medical emergency.

Containing a selection of teaching tools for general anatomy and pathology, this work, with flip charts, offers an overview and understanding of the subject matter. It is useful for student or patient education. It is suitable for the home, the school library, or the physicians office and can be written on by a dry marker.

It gives me great pleasure to have this opportunity to write a Foreword for this new book. In the past two decades we have witnessed very significant advances in the management of the very ill patient. The great success in this field of medical endeavour is largely due to the establishment of intensive care units, but a great deal of progress can also be attributed to the major developments in technology, which affect patient management and care as well as the many sophisticated techniques of diagnosis and patient monitoring. Imaging and Labelling Techniques in the Critically III covers this new important and difficult field of diagnosis and visual monitoring. By establishing the criteria and algorhythms for the choice of the different methods available for this purpose, defining the diagnostic signs on images and resolving some of the mis conceptions and pitfalls, this book will go a long way to help the reader, particularly those involved in the care of patients in the intensive care units. This book brings together many different methods of investigation and discusses the advantages and limitations of these techniques in different clinical circumstances. Some of the techniques are well established and their usefulness in the intensive care unit is in no doubt. Some of the newer techniques such as PET scanning or NMR imaging have not yet found a defined position of usage in the critically ill patient. There is, however, little doubt that in due course this situation will change.

Drs. Busuttil and Klintmalm present Transplantation of the Liver, 3rd Edition, which has been thoroughly revised to offer you the latest protocols, surgical approaches, and techniques used in this challenging procedure. Encompassing today's expert knowledge in the field, this medical reference book is an ideal single source for authoritative, up-to-date guidance on every imaginable aspect of liver transplantation. "They have, in fact, succeeded in raising the bar yet again and making their work product even better in the third edition of Transplantation of the Liver." Forewords by, Thomas E. Starzl, June 2015 Access valuable pearls, pitfalls, and insights from Dr. Ronald Busuttil and Dr. Goran Klintmalm, two of the world's preeminent experts in liver surgery. Understand today's full range of transplantation techniques with complete step-by-step descriptions of each, and access the background information and management options for each hepatic disease entity. Take advantage of detailed discussions of everything from pathophysiology and patient and donor selection, to transplantation anesthesia and operative procedures; immunosuppression; postoperative care; and ethical issues. Overcome your toughest challenges in liver transplantation. Many new and thoroughly revised chapters include: Deceased Organ Donation after Cardiac and Brain Death; Liver Transplantation for Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis; Extended Criteria Donors; Best Techniques for Biliary and Vascular Reconstruction in Living Donor Transplantation; Small for Size Syndrome; Dual Grafts for Transplantation; Arterial Reconstructions-Pitfalls; Transition of Pediatric Patients to Adulthood; Immunosuppressive Biologic Agents; Long Term Toxicity of Immunosuppressive Therapy; Stem Cell and Liver Regeneration; and Extracorporeal Perfusion for Resuscitation of Marginal Grafts. Stay current in your field and optimize patient outcomes with coverage of the most recent advances in living donor transplantation, pediatric transplantation, and gene and stem cell therapy. Access the latest information on anti-rejection/immunosuppressive drugs, as well as comprehensive discussions of each drug or combination of drugs used to suppress immune system. Effortlessly search the entire text online at Expert Consult. With 104 additional contributing experts

The Understanding Hepatitis chart is a comprehensive overview of the different types of hepatitis, including symptoms, causes and treatments. External views of healthy and cirrhotic livers are shown, including a view of the liver lobules. Heavy cover stock with protective varnish for durability.

The new edition of this pocket guide has been fully updated to cover the common manifestations of liver disease, how to treat them and when to refer patients on to specialist centers. New chapters on Acute Liver Failure, Nutrition and Congenital Heart Disease have been added to reflect the key issues in management of liver diseases. The book outlines the common clinical liver diseases such as fatty liver disease and viral hepatitis, among others, and their current up to date management. Written by experts in the field and containing figures and tables, as well as case histories and questions, this is an enjoyable and reader-friendly book for the busy physician. With its authoritative, didactic style and short chapters, it covers the common presentations and complications of liver disease, and how to deal with them. Given the increasing prevalence of liver disease in the UK and Worldwide, this is an ideal reference book for primary care physicians, doctors in specialist training, clinical nurse specialists and for gastroenterologists, who see patients with liver disease in their working lives.

This is the second of two volumes that together provide a comprehensive analysis of the embryology, normal anatomy, and pathology of the liver and intrahepatic biliary tract as seen on modern diagnostic imaging techniques. In this second volume, readers will find comprehensive description and illustration of the imaging appearances of tumoral pathologies, both in the "normal liver" and in the context of chronic liver disease and liver cirrhosis. In addition, the imaging findings in relation to different treatment approaches are presented, with extensive coverage of imaging of tumor response and post-treatment changes. The authors are world-leading experts in the field, and the book will be an ideal reference for all members of the radiology community, from residents to experts. It will also aid clinicians during their daily practice.

This is the first of two volumes that together provide a comprehensive analysis of the embryology, normal anatomy, and pathology of the liver and intrahepatic biliary tract as seen on modern diagnostic imaging techniques. In this volume, readers will find fundamental information on embryology, radiological anatomy, and anatomic variants. A thorough introduction is then provided to each imaging technique, including ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear medicine techniques, angiography, and interventional radiology. The remainder of the volume is devoted to non-tumoral pathology of the liver and intra-hepatic biliary tract. For each disease, readers will find full description of the roles of individual imaging modalities and extensive illustration of the imaging appearances. The authors are world-leading experts in the field, and the book will be an ideal reference for all members of the radiology community, from residents to experts. It will also aid clinicians during their daily practice.

This atlas describes and illustrates in detail the surgical procedures employed in laparoscopic anatomical liver resection, according to tumor location. The surgical approach and techniques are explained for each type of laparoscopic liver resection based on the involved anatomical segment, section, and hemi-liver. Attention is also drawn to potential complications and the means of preventing and managing them. Beyond anatomical liver resection, guidance is provided on non-anatomical resections that do not pay regard to segmental, sectional, or lobar anatomy. The coverage is completed by the inclusion of useful information on instruments and energy devices as well as the basic skills required for laparoscopic liver resection. In presenting a clear practical approach to each laparoscopic anatomical major and minor resection, the Color Atlas of Laparoscopic Liver Resection will be an invaluable guide for trainees. In addition, it will equip more experienced surgeons with much useful information that will enable them to further improve their technique.

This book presents the latest application of digital medical imaging technology in biliary tract surgery, including three-dimensional visualization preoperative evaluation, preoperative surgical planning, and simulated biliary surgery. Digital surgical diagnosis and treatment of cholecystolithisasis, bile duct stones, hepatolithiasis, gallbladder cancer, and bile duct cancer is described in details with more than 900 illustrations. Written by experts with wealthy of clinical experience, it will be a useful reference for general surgeons, as well as practitioners in related disciplines.

This title includes proceedings of the International Congress held in Chamrousse (France), 1-2 February 1991.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the diagnosis and management of diseases of the biliary tree. Topics covered include: congenital biliary abnormalities, genetic cholangiopathies, autoimmune cholangiopathies, inflammatory and drug-related cholangiopathies, and cholangiocarcinoma. Given their particular importance (even for clinicians working with adults), pediatric conditions are also examined. In addition, a special section is devoted to pregnancy and diseases of the biliary tree, and to transplants and diseases of the biliary tree. Each chapter offers up-to-date information on the management of the diseases discussed. Moreover, the book addresses new treatments for autoimmune cholestatic liver diseases, reflecting the new therapeutic targets that have recently been discovered. Examples include farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-agonists, together with new drugs that affect the composition of bile flow. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable guide for a broad range of practitioners.

This book provides up-to-date information on all aspects of gallbladder disease. After an introductory section on laboratory findings, pathology, and diagnostic methods, it focuses on specific conditions and their management, covering gallbladder stones, acalculous cholecystitis, gallbladder lesions associated with IgG4-related disease and with anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal union, and dyskinesia of the gallbladder. Moreover, it discusses incidental gallbladder carcinoma in detail, including epidemiology, risk factors, gene mutations, diagnostic imaging methods and treatment modalities. The book also features a section exploring important current issues, such as the diagnosis and therapy of polypoid lesions and gallbladder wall thickening, and the role of prophylactic cholecystectomy in patients with concomitant gallstones following removal of common bile duct stones by ERCP. It also compares endoscopic gallbladder drainage with percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage. Lastly, the book offers stimulating future perspectives.

This multidisciplinary overview covers basic concepts related to the discovery of the Hepatitis C virus, development of serological and nucleic acid tests to detect infection, the structure of the virus genome, generation of virus gene products, and proposed replication scheme. The volume discusses the epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis of infection, the development of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with chronic virus infection, and current strategies for treatment. It also discusses advances in cell culture systems, animal models of infection, and emerging treatments and vaccine development.