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Books > Medicine > Clinical & internal medicine > Hepatology
The liver is a large organ that sits in the right upper abdomen, just under the right lung. It is one of the body's most "intelligent" organs in that it performs so many different functions at the same time. The liver makes proteins, eliminates waste material from the body, produces cholesterol, stores and releases glucose energy and metabolises many drugs used in medicine. It also produces bile that flows through bile ducts into the intestine where it helps to digest food. This organ also has the ability to regenerate itself if it is injured or partially removed. Cirrhosis is scarring of the liver that involves the formation of fibrous (scar) tissue associated with the destruction of the normal architecture of the organ. Many types of chronic injury to the liver can result in scar tissue. This scarring distorts the normal structure and re-growth of liver cells. The flow of blood through the liver from the intestine is blocked and the work done by the liver, such as processing drugs or producing proteins, is hindered. Until recently, the most common cause of cirrhosis of the liver in the United States was attributed to alcohol abuse. Because of the rapid increase of hepatitis C virus infection, hepatitis C has now taken over first place (26%), with alcohol abuse falling to second place, but only slightly behind at 21%. This outstanding book elucidates new and important research results from throughout the world.
This book focuses on the critical care of the patient with acute, acute on chronic and chronic liver failure as well as the peri-operative care of the patient with liver transplantation. Each of these disease processes is unique in pathophysiological manifestations, underpinnings of physiology and treatment options. Patients with acute, chronic or acute on chronic liver failure are a growing fraction of ICU admissions. Hepatic Critical Care serves as the essential reference for both practicing intensivists at community hospitals and tertiary referral centers. This textbook is also targeted towards trainees specifically interested in taking care of patients with liver disease and liver transplantation.
This book assembles recent achievements in both basic research and clinical management in the field of hepatology, virology and immunology. It provides up-to-date information for clinicians who can apply the relevant knowledge to their daily clinical practice and for researchers who are interested in clinically orientated studies. The updated and detailed technology, state-of-the-art treatment strategies provided in this book serve as references for clinicians and resident physicians in the daily management of ACLF. The rationality and strategies for basic research as well as patient management in this book can also be a valuable reference for other fatal and end stage liver diseases than HBV induced ACLF. This volume 1 has 6 chapters and focuses on the definition, research technology, virology, genetics, and immunology.
In the past, liver resections and liver transplantations were performed by different surgical teams, with very little interplay between the two. However, the evolution toward more complex operations called for an increasingly intense interaction between these surgical techniques: split liver and living donor liver transplantation have become popular in the transplant community, utilizing the Coinaud segmental anatomy in a very sophisticated way, while portal and arterial resection and reconstruction have become indispensable methods for treating Klatskin tumors infiltrating the hepatic hilum. This book offers a complete overview of the connections between liver transplantation and hepatobiliary surgery. It focuses on ex situ techniques for resection of tumors at the suprahepatic confluence, with or without venous reconstruction, and on total vascular exclusion of the liver with the aid of a venovenous bypass that should be a surgical option for referral centers in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery. By taking into consideration the development of minimally invasive liver surgery, it will introduce readers to a variety of new perspectives such as: vascular exclusion techniques with or without extracorporeal circulation, hemodynamic implications and lessons learned from liver transplant surgery, and technical details on pediatric transplantation and its informative role in modern biliary tract surgery.
Chronic liver disease is one of the most prevalent diseases in the developed world. The large amount of new knowledge has resulted in subspecialities, even in issues such as hepatology. Thus every day, it is more difficult to access all relevant information that is being published. Additionally, biomolecular techniques lead to a level of complexity that is only beneficial when dealt with by professionals. This book attempts to give a broad overview of the molecular biology of the liver, emphasizing how this knowledge is the basis of further treatment. Thus, pathophysiology and therapies are updated in viral hepatitis, hepatic encephalopathy and portal hypertension, among others. However, appended issues that apparently are less relevant such as the stem cell and endocannabinoids are included. These two issues will soon be of importance due to their close relationship with the liver tissue and especially with liver disease. There are also new paradigms such as cell death and the implication of the extracellular matrix, which are also addressed. In addition, important issues such as the stellate cells and their intimate relationship with fibrogenesis are treated in-depth. Also the fundamental role of endothelin in chronic liver disease is examined. Because of its prevalence, NASH was discussed with special interest, with a focus on the process from fatty liver to molecular biology of liver cells and metabolism in chronic liver disease. The authors believe that this is a broad vision that describes the basic pathophysiological mechanisms shared by many liver diseases, giving rational support for specific therapies.
This book is a concise guide to the prevention and management of cirrhosis of the liver. Divided into four sections, the book begins with an overview of the condition, followed by detailed discussion on the different levels of prevention, both major and minor. The third section examines aetiologies and their prevention and the final chapter covers fibrosis (scarring) reversal. This practical guide provides clinicians and trainees with evidence-based direction on the diagnosis, treatment and management of cirrhosis and its many complications. Key Points Concise guide to prevention and management of liver cirrhosis Provides detail on different levels of prevention Covers fibrosis (scarring) reversal Offers evidence-based direction on diagnosis, treatment and management of cirrhosis and its complications
There has been very little written on the interaction of the liver
and kidney. This book addresses the increasing incidence and
significance of diseases, such as ascites, renal dysfunction,
cirrhosis and hypertension where both organs are involved. This textbook is essential, even for confirmed practitioners and
contains current information regarding treatment and therapy for
patients with cirrhosis and ascites, clearly and effectively
presented by the top international experts within this field. The second edition is entirely revised and updated and places greater emphasis on therapy.
Stay up to date on today's most common GI and liver disorders and their management with GI/Liver Secrets Plus. This enhanced medical reference book is an excellent resource for understanding the physiology and therapy in hepatic and digestive disease. Whether preparing for an exam or quickly checking a clinical question, the user-friendly Secrets Series (R) style makes this book a valuable addition to your library! Easily locate important information with bulleted lists, tables, boxes, short answers, and a highly detailed index to expedite reference. Access a broad range of topics that focus on all of today's most common GI and liver disorders and their management. Apply the latest knowledge and techniques with content thoroughly updated by leaders in the field. Quickly review key concepts with improved "Plus" formatting, which employs a Socratic Q&A approach designed to simulate the types of questions that may be used on patient rounds. Enhance your reference power through bulleted lists, mnemonics, "Key Points" summaries, lists of useful web sites, and practical tips from the authors. Improve content knowledge with a special chapter containing "Top 100 Secrets," providing an overview of essential material for last-minute study or self-assessment. Expert Consult eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, references, and videos from the book on a variety of devices.
With approximately 8,000 liver transplant operations per year world-wide, this surgical procedure has become relatively routine. Improvements in surgical and anesthetic techniques and immunosuppression have resulted in improved outcomes, but cardiovascular events and sepsis remain the principal obstacles to further lowering morbidity and mortality rates. Consequently, cardiovascular assessment and optimisation are of increased interest to anaesthetists and other professionals involved in liver transplant programs. This book summarises the current knowledge on preoperative hemodynamic profiling and cardiovascular assessment of patients awaiting liver transplantation.
This book presents topical research in the study of liver cirrhosis, including etiologic types of end stage chronic liver disease; hepatocellular carcinoma screening in the cirrhotic patient; hepatic myofibroblasts and their role in liver fibrogenesis; the role of trace elements in the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis and cell-based therapy for liver cirrhosis.
Insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome are associated with the pathogenesis and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It encompasses a spectrum of hepatic pathology, ranging from simple steatosis in its most benign form (fatty liver), going through nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in its intermediate form, until cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, its most advanced forms. This book presents current research on the background of fatty acid oxidation; hepatic steatosis and its progression to NASH and cirrhosis; fibrosis and myofibroblastic cells differentiation; methods of diagnosis; clinical features and laboratory tests and, finally, rodent NAFLD and NASH models.
Sex does matter. One of the most compelling reasons for understanding the biological differences, which are not so explained at this time, is that there are striking differences in human disease. The most obvious and best-studied differences between the sexes are in the reproductive systems. Much less study has been done on sex differences in non-reproductive areas of biology. Liver cancer is undoubtedly predominant in men and postmenopausal women. Almost anyone may "feel," but not recognise the sex-associated difference in liver cancer as a fact. How does sex matter in the incidence of liver cancer? After considering the data and examples presented in this book, anyone will be provided unique opportunities to obtain a better understanding of differences of chronic liver disease between the sexes. Some of these differences can be explained by what we now know. Some are unexplained and point to important questions for future study. Being female or male is an important basic human variable that affects health and liver disease throughout the life span. A better understanding the biological mechanisms underlying the sex-associated differences in chronic liver disease would provide valuable information to design care of health and liver disease more effectively for individuals, both females and males.
Hepatic insulin resistance and altered insulin metabolism, as characterised by the desensitisation of hepatic parenchymal cells to insulin, play a role in the pathogenesis of liver disease, particularly resulting in steatosis and steatohepatitis. By the same token, type II diabetic patients are at higher risk for developing liver diseases, including steatosis, hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. On the other hand, established liver disease from any cause leads to glucose intolerance and peripheral insulin resistance systemically. The link between insulin resistance and liver pathology reviewed in this book suggests that insulin resistance is closely related with a variety of liver diseases. Recent evidence indicates that the AMP activating protein kinase (AMPK) in conjunction with p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) serves as a key signalling pathway regulating insulin-dependent physiological functions; thus, this pathway serves as a target for the therapy of diseases associated with insulin resistance. In this chapter, the regulatory role of the AMPK-S6K1 pathway is discussed in terms of enhancing insulin receptor signalling with insulin receptor substrate-1/2 and phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase activity, which may contribute to preventing and/or treating insulin resistance in the liver.
Liver disease is a rapidly growing speciality, and nurses and health care professionals need to have the relevant knowledge and skills to care for patients with liver problems in a safe and effective way. "Liver Diseases" is a comprehensive, evidence-based, practical guide to the nursing care and management of patients with liver disease. "Liver Diseases" explores a range of liver conditions, including
cirrhosis, portal hypertension, alcoholic liver disease, viral
hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, Wilson's disease and acute liver
failure. It looks at the anatomy & physiology of the liver,
assessment of liver function and diagnostic studies, acute and
chronic liver disease, pregnancy related liver disease, liver
transplantation and infectious liver diseases. For each condition
the epidemiology, complications and nursing management are
provided, along with illustrative case studies and further reading.
"Liver Diseases" is an invaluable tool for all nurses and health
care professionals working with people with liver disease.
This book discusses in detail new aspects of the metabolic basis of important chronic liver diseases. Entities such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (fatty liver and Non-Alcoholic SteatoHepatitis -- NASH), diabeties in chronic hepetitis C, hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease, Gaucher disease, porphyria, as well as liver cirrhosis and its metabolic consequences will be discussed in detail. These clinical conditions are highly prevalent and affect millions of patients in the USA and world-wide. For example, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common cause of elevated liver enzymes in the general population. This field has been practically transformed over the last few years, with many new insights gained, regarding both pathogenesis and effective novel treatments.
The latest information on living with and treating liver disorders "The Liver Disorders and Hepatitis Sourcebook, Revised Edition," gives you frank assessments of the latest therapies and drugs. It also provides advice on how you can navigate the day-to-day challenges of living with a liver disorder, and diet and nutrition guidelines, including the truth about the effectiveness of herbal remedies and liver-cleansing diets.
This book presents state-of-the-art information summarizing the current understanding of a range of liver diseases, and reviews some key diagnostic and therapeutic advances. The book is a collection of selected clinical and scientific topics divided into two volumes, each divided into two sections. The first volume treats the cellular, biochemical and immunological mechanisms underlying liver diseases; the second focuses on clinical liver disease pathophysiology and related diagnostics and therapeutic insights. It is hoped that the target readers - hepatologists, clinicians, researchers and academicians - will be exposed to new ideas, and subjects beyond their own scientific disciplines. In addition, students and all those who wish to enlarge their knowledge of advances in the field of liver diseases will find this book a good source of information.
Awareness of neuropathy as a chronic complication of diabetes is constantly increasing. Diabetes centers adopt methods to diagnose neuropathy without neurological training. This trend calls for instructions on how to use and interpret diagnostic methods. This book includes recent research and covers clinical, technical, and public health aspects of neuropathy, bringing together the top experts in the field.
Proceedings of the Third Baveno International Consensus Workshop on Definitions, Methodology and Therapeutic Strategies. The participants attempted to develop consensus definitions of key events in portal hypertension and variceal bleeding, diagnostic and therapeutic issues, and the complications of therapies for portal hypertension, as well as producing updated guidelines. The lectures summarized the consensus reached in the earlier workshops, addressed two important new areas of research, and analyzed the quality of trials in portal hypertension and other fields of hepatology.
This book guides practitioners in the assessment of patients with a liver problem. The emphasis is on the role of macro- and microscopic pathology in elucidating pathogenesis as well as identifying confounding features of image findings that may lead to a more elaborate differential diagnosis. If appropriate, the role of light and electron microscopic examination, along with the role of specific stains and molecular techniques, is illustrated. In addition, the concept of each liver disease is summarized briefly and its up-to-data is provided, and unresolved problems in diagnosis, treatment, and pathogenesis are clearly described.The approach in this book is a practical one with a focus on the evaluation of illustrative cases, simultaneously demonstrating cross-sectional images (ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and angiography), pathological findings, and peritoneoscopic images. The diagnosis and therapy are summed up in helpful tables, and association of clinical manifestations with image analysis and pathological findings is shown to be important in differential diagnosis and treatment. With the authors comprising internationally renowned experts, this book will serve as a useful source of information for medical students, physicians, internists, hepatologists, gastroenterologists, radiologists, and pathologists worldwide.
Each volume in this richly illustrated series, published in association with the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology, provides an organ-based approach to the cytologic and histologic diagnosis of small tissue samples. Benign, pre-malignant and malignant entities are presented in a well-organized and standardized format, with high-resolution color photomicrographs, tables, and lists of key specific morphologic criteria. Example vignettes allow the reader to assimilate the diagnostic principles in a case-based format. This volume provides comprehensive coverage of both surgical pathology and cytopathology of focal liver lesions. Extensively illustrated throughout, it contains key cytologic and histologic features, practical points, radiologic and morphologic pictures, flow charts, and tabulated summaries for easy comprehensive overview and quick reference and provides a pragmatic algorithmic approach to cytohistologic diagnosis. With over 700 printed photomicrographs and a CD-ROM offering all images in a downloadable format, this is an important resource for all anatomic pathologists.
The latest edition of this textbook provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art overview of the major issues specific to the field of pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutrition. The textbook begins with a section on gastroenterology and nutrition that presents the overall scope of issues encountered in children suffering from disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and/or presenting nutritional issues, as well as current and future prospects on the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics. The second section is centered around hepatology, reviewing congenital and acquired disorders of the biliary tract and liver, as well as analyzing available diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and future perspectives. Written by experts in the field, Textbook of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition: A Comprehensive Guide, Second Edition is an indispensable resource for students, trainees, and clinicians, sure to distinguish itself as the definitive reference on this topic.
Radioembolization is a widely used treatment for non-resectable primary and secondary liver cancer. This handbook addresses the radiation biology, physics, nuclear medicine, and imaging for radioembolization using Yttrium-90 (90Y) microspheres, in addition to discussing aspects related to interventional radiology. The contents reflect on and off-label treatment indications, dose-response relationships, treatment-planning, therapy optimization, radiation safety, imaging follow-up and many other facets of this therapy necessary for both novice and advanced users alike. |
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