People who inject drugs (PWID) are at higher risk for acquiring HIV infection than the general population in many countries. Injecting drug use is present in 148 countries including a wide array of low and middle income countries where HIV incidence is growing in recent years - even as it declines elsewhere. This study was undertaken as the third of a series of three economic analyses examining the global epidemics of HIV/AIDS in vulnerable populations. Informed by a critical review of epidemiological evidence and the most recent analyses of intervention efficacy, this work modelled the costs and impact of addressing the needs of PWID at scale in various epidemic contexts. These particular research questions were addressed: What are the modelled epidemic impact and costs of implementing a minimum adaptable package of evidence-based and human rights affirming services for prevention, treatment, and care of HIV/AIDS in PWID in globally representative epidemic scenarios? What are the estimated returns on investment and costs of inaction of addressing these epidemics? Taken together, the findings indicate: Service coverage levels for ART and key harm reduction interventions with HIV prevention benefits are generally inadequate. Allocative decisions for HIV/AIDS should better reflect the burden of transmission and disease. HIV transmission dynamics can be significantly reduced by scaling up a package of four key harm reduction interventions specific to PWID: Needle and Syringe Programs, Medically Assisted Therapy and HIV Counseling and Testing, as well as proportionate access in ART scale-up. Evidence-based and effective interventions for PWID should be funded and implemented - in the context of HIV prevention services for the general population, such as condom promotion. Interventions for PWID - particularly in combination with treatment services - are cost effective or highly cost effective investment choices across the breadth of the global epidemic. The study presents compelling evidence for the most cost-effective approaches to minimising the transmission and impacts of HIV in this key population. This evidence may guide both operational design and policy dialogue in World Bank operations.

Written by three experts with extensive experience helping people with HIV/AIDS, this trusted resource is the complete guide to better physical and emotional health for women living with HIV or AIDS. It covers the full range of health and emotional issues faced by people with HIV while also addressing topics of special interest to women, including gynecologic disorders, reproductive choices, contraception, and pregnancy. The world of HIV/AIDS diagnosis and therapy is changing dramatically. At-home testing is now available, people exposed to the virus may be able to get immediate treatment, and the number of dominant classes of HIV treatment has increased from four to six. This new edition of "A Woman's Guide to Living with HIV Infection" includes the latest information on diagnosis and treatments as well as recent findings about pregnancy and HIV, starting treatments when you have HIV-related complications, liver health and hepatitis, and sexual health.

On February 23, 2009, a consultation meeting was held to examine the use of peers in HIV interdisciplinary care settings. The meeting was convened by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), HIVAIDS Bureau (HAB). Participants included HRSA representatives, Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program grantees, researchers, technical assistance providers, health care professionals, program managers and HIV positive peers. Participants heard about the ways in which peers were being used in the fields of HIV, cancer and diabetes to facilitate access to care, treatment and health-related services. The purpose of the meeting, explained Steven Young, HAB's Director of Training and Technical Assistance, was to gain greater insight into the benefits and challenges of having peers on health care teams, to identify the major components of an ideal peer program, and to make recommendations regarding ways in which peer interventions could be funded and sustained within HIV systems of care. Young explained that in the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program, peers are HIV positive individuals who share identifying characteristics with individuals or population groups receiving care or services. Peers and clients share similar experiences and challenges related to class, race, age, gender, language, culture and recovery from substance abuse and/or trauma. These common characteristics often provide peers with deep insight into the feelings and behaviors of clients, and help them forge both personal credibility and trusting relationship with clients. In the field, said Young, peers are also called coaches, community health workers and patient navigators, among other titles. HAB's particular interest is in examining the role of peers on interdisciplinary health care teams, whose focus in the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program is to engage and retain clients in high quality, HIV care. Young emphasized the important role that peers (also called consumers) have played in the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program since its inception. Peers participate in program planning activities, serve as grant reviewers, participate on program advisory committees and boards, and hold positions as volunteers and staff at local health clinics and community-based organizations (CBOs). They serve as faculty of the AIDS Education and Training Centers program. HAB cooperative agreements and grants have supported leadership development for peers to promote their involvement in HIV/AIDS programs. "On an individual level, we have heard from peers that involvement in our programs helps them feel less isolated and gives them an increased sense of purpose," said Young. He added that peers can help improve HIV health care delivery and assessment of client needs, as well as reduce cultural and linguistic barriers, and stigma. Despite widespread acknowledgement within Ryan White that peers play a beneficial role, their function has not been well documented or codified. As a result, HAB is seeking guidance on: Training and support needs of peers; Ideal roles for peers (i.e., staff, volunteers, etc); Financial support for the peer role (grants, reimbursement, etc.); Identification of reasonable client and organizational outcomes related to the use of peers; and Suggestions on how peers might be integrated into specific, legislatively identified core services, such as medical case management and adherence support.

People with HIV/AIDS can live longer, healthier lives because of advances in treatment of HIV infection. However, longer lives are associated with increased prevalence of 1) adverse effects of HIV infection, 2) adverse effects of the drugs used to treat HIV, and 3) concurrent medical conditions that would occur in the absence of HIV. These long-term complications have put HIV infection in the realm of chronic diseases rather than of infectious diseases, which usually respond to short-term clinical interventions. Effective management of chronic diseases in the primary care setting requires the coordination of interventions that occur at the level of the clinical services, the community supports for those clinical services, and the individual patient. While clinical services begin in the primary care clinic, community supports are needed, and the patient must be engaged to enhance self-management. The coordinated interventions together contribute to the desired clinical outcomes. The Chronic Care Model, which is used in the design and quality improvement activities of clinical services, conceptualizes how these factors impact the clinical outcome of chronic disease management. This book addresses several important aspects of HIV/AIDS care and treatment in a concise, accessible format; it is not meant to be a comprehensive reference book. Recommended references and citations are provided for the reader to be able to access in-depth information on topics that are particularly important and/or controversial. Appropriate use of antiretroviral drugs, treatment of opportunistic infections, symptom management, treatment of concurrent medical conditions, and other specific interventions to treat HIV disease and its complications are addressed. The format of this guide is designed to provide practical information for the common questions that arise in the care of patients with HIV infection. Recognizing the broader array of best practices that contribute to effective clinical outcomes among patients with a complex array of service needs, the authors also address patient evaluation, adherence, mental health, substance abuse, overall clinic management, and other factors that lead to improved patient outcomes according to the Chronic Care Model. Last, because the authors recognize the challenges of maintaining clinical practices in the face of rapidly changing and ever more complex treatment interventions, a chapter on sources for updated and in-depth clinical information is provided. Pediatric HIV/AIDS treatment is not addressed in this book.

This Training Guide was developed to assist Title I HIV planning councils and Title II care consortia in ensuring that all members have the information and skills for full participation in Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency (CARE) Act planning and implementation activities, with special emphasis on PLWH members . Successful implementation of the CARE Act depends upon the work of planning bodies in communities throughout the nation, and requires that members be diverse, active, and well informed. PLWH involvement in such planning bodies is both a legislative requirement and a practical necessity . The CARE Act, enacted in 1990 and reauthorized in 1996, requires planning councils and consortia to include members from affected communities, including people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHs). The Division of HIV Services (DHS), which administers Title I and Title II of the CARE Act, believes that effective programs and services must be developed based on the input and perspectives of those for whom the services are intended. The Training Guide was initiated to address the need for orientation and training for planning body members who were people living with HIV disease . A consultant to DHS developed the initial outline. Subsequently, DHS staff and participants in the third Community Discussion Group meeting in October 1995 reviewed, revised, and expanded it. The resulting content outline became the basis for this guide, prepared by MOSAICA: The Center for Nonprofit Development and Pluralism through an interactive process with the PLWH Response Committee of DHS and with John Snow, Inc., the Ryan White Technical Assistance Contractor. Following review of the draft guide, DHS decided that a Training Guide was needed not just for PLWHs but for all planning body members. The guide therefore provides information that can be used for providing orientation and ongoing training to all planning body members, including people living with HIV disease.

There are various reasons for taking an interest in the treatment for HIV/AIDS. Unfortunately, AIDS has no cure at the moment. But in the absence of a cure, medical science resorts to available treatment options. In seven chapters, this handy book has been designed to help people seek information about treatment strategies for HIV/AIDS. These include: a general introduction to HIV/AIDS antiretroviral therapy (ART) dynamics of ARV drugs merits and demerits of ARV drugs revival of immune systems in HIV infection foundations of immunosuppression hints for the HIV-positive. The book also includes details of websites for further research, review questions for those preparing for coursework or examinations, a glossary of terms and an index. By explaining a complex disease as one that can be understood and managed, HIV/AIDS Treatment Strategies provides clear and useful information about this important subject area. S D Browne-Umar was born on 16 July 1947 in Axim, Ghana. He worked in Ghana and Nigeria as a science educationist prior to being engaged by UNICEF in north-west Nigeria. He was a consultant field investigator for the Ghana AIDS Commission. Currently, Browne-Umar consults on global HIV education and vaccinology.

Compelled by his own 2005 HIV diagnosis, journalist John-Manuel Andriote revisits his acclaimed chronicle of the AIDS epidemic in this updated and expanded edition of the University of Chicago Press 1999 hardcover original. Andriote examines the impact of AIDS on individuals and on the gay civil rights movement, from the coming-out revelry of the 1970s to the post-AIDS gay community of the twenty-first century's first decade. Victory Deferred looks at how AIDS has changed both individual lives and national organizations. It tells the story of how a health crisis pushed a disjointed jumble of local activists to become a national visible and politically powerful civil rights movement, a full-fledged minority group challenging the authority of some of the nation's most powerful institutions. Based on hundreds of interviews with those at the forefront of the medical, political, cultural, civic, and national responses to the epidemic, Victory Deferred artfully blends personal narratives with institutional histories and organizational politics to show how AIDS forced gay men from their closets and ghettos into the hallways of power to lobby and into the streets to protest.

Journeys Through Darkness is a biography which tells the story of AIDS and related blindness through AIDS warrior and long-term survivor, award-winning legally blind photographer Kurt Weston. The book includes several of his photographs that match the powerful prose of Alina Oswald.

The Invisible People is a revealing and at times shocking look inside the United States's response to one of the greatest catastrophes the world has ever known -- the global AIDS crisis. A true story of politics, bureaucracy, disease, internecine warfare, and negligence, it illustrates that while the pandemic constitutes a profound threat to U.S. economic and security interests, at every turn the United States has failed to act in the face of this pernicious menace. During the past twenty years, more than 65 million people across the globe have become infected with HIV. Already 25 million around the world have died -- more than all of the battle deaths in the twentieth century combined. By decade's end there will be an estimated 25 million AIDS orphans. If trends continue, by 2025, 250 million global HIV-AIDS cases are a distinct possibility. Beyond the ineffable human toll, the pandemic is reshaping the social, economic, and geopolitical dimensions of our world. Eviscerating national economies, creating an entire generation of orphans, and destroying military capacity, the disease is generating pressures that will lead to instability and possibly even state failure and collapse in sub-Saharan Africa. Poised to explode in Eastern Europe, Russia, India, and China, AIDS will have devastating and destabilizing effects of untold proportions that will reverberate throughout the global economy and the international political order. In this gripping account that draws on more than two hundred interviews with key political insiders, policy makers, and thinkers, Greg Behrman chronicles the red tape, colossal blunders, monumental egos, power plays, and human pain and suffering that comprise America's woeful response to the AIDS crisis. Behrman's unprecedented access takes you inside the halls of power from seminal White House meetings to tumultuous turf battles at World Health Organization headquarters in Geneva, heated debates in the United Nations, and chilling discoveries at the Centers for Disease Control. Behrman also brings us into the field to meet the people who live in the midst of AIDS devastation in places like a school yard in Namibia, the red-light district in Bombay, and an orphanage in South Africa. Intensely researched and vividly detailed, The Invisible People is a groundbreaking and compellingly readable account of the appalling destruction caused by more than two decades of American abdication in the face of the defining humanitarian catastrophe of our time.

HIV/AIDS Treatment Drugs explains how HIV functions and describes the drugs used to treat HIV infection, how they work and are combined, how HIV drugs are developed, and what new treatments are being investigated.

The new edition of this successful handbook provides a balance of evidence-based information on Genitourinary Medicine (GUM), including HIV/AIDS. It provides high quality, digestible clinical detail and also practical information on the ever-increasing medico-legal, ethical, and procedural issues of growing importance when dealing with these complex topics. Designed primarily for the trainee in GUM, it is also a valuable reference and resource for the specialist physician, nurse, and other professionals working in the field of sexual health. The new edition remains relevant to those working in this field and features practical enhanced sections on contraception and genital dermatology written by specialist contributors, and information for general practitioners in order to provide services for STIs. The book consists of three easy-to-follow sections. The first section deals with routine management within GUM; medico-legal and ethical issues, the standard patient, special situations, and routine clinical and laboratory processes that include simple flow chart guidance on common clinical presentations. The second section details GUM conditions in a disease-orientated style, including STIs and also other genitourinary problems that may present. The third section on HIV provides a contemporary epidemiological overview of this infection, basic viral biology and pathogenesis, a disease-orientated description of conditions both directly related and opportunistic, and their management and data on special situations such as pregnancy. Finally guidance on commonly used abbreviations is shown together with a useful resource directory for staff. In essence this handbook provides a wealth of simple and easy to follow information on STIs and the principles of providing a service including administrative and medico-legal issues that are sometimes difficult to locate. This book will be of global use to all those with an interest in sexual health whatever their level of expertise and wherever they may practice.

At the age of twenty-nine, Sizwe Magadla is among the most handsome, well-educated, and richest of the men in his poverty-stricken village. Dr. Hermann Reuter, a son of old South West African stock, wants to show the world that if you provide decent treatment, people will come and get it, no matter their circumstances.

Sizwe and Hermann live at the epicenter of the greatest plague of our times, the African AIDS epidemic. In South Africa alone, nearly 6 million people in a population of 46 million are HIV-positive. Already, Sizwe has watched several neighbors grow ill and die, yet he himself has pushed AIDS to the margins of his life and associates it obliquely with other people's envy, with comeuppance, and with misfortune.

When Hermann Reuter establishes an antiretroviral treatment program in Sizwe's district and Sizwe discovers that close family members have the virus, the antagonism between these two figures from very different worlds -- one afraid that people will turn their backs on medical care, the other fearful of the advent of a world in which respect for traditional ways has been lost and privacy has been obliterated -- mirrors a continent-wide battle against an epidemic that has corrupted souls as much as bodies.

A heartbreaking tale of shame and pride, sex and death, and a continent's battle with its demons, Steinberg's searing account is a tour-de-force of literary journalism.

Although overall HIV prevalence in South Asia is low, the widespread stigma attached to HIV and AIDS impedes efforts to reach people most in need of prevention, care, and treatment services. To address this challenge, the 2008 South Asia Region Development Marketplace partnership, led by the World Bank, launched a competitive grants program to support innovative community approaches. 'Tackling HIV-Related Stigma and Discrimination in South Asia' summarizes the monitoring, evaluation, and case study data and documents successful community innovations. Twenty-six community groups in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka received funds. The initiatives involved a broad spectrum, including vulnerable groups as well as people living with HIV, the media, local government authorities, health workers, and religious leaders. The interventions used traditional cultural and media approaches to discuss taboo subjects. The reach of the initiatives was amplifi ed by involving opinion leaders. The strategies engaged marginalized groups to design and lead the interventions and to facilitate contact between groups experiencing stigma and the general public to reduce fears and misconceptions about transmission. Projects that combined economic and stigma reduction interventions helped the marginalized populations to overcome the internalized stigma and become empowered to advocate for their rights. 'Tackling HIV-Related Stigma and Discrimination in South Asia' identifies effective strategies to raise awareness and reports on shifts--albeit slow--of attitudes, norms, and behaviors. Through its recommendations for successful interventions to reduce barriers to effective HIV prevention, care, and treatment programs, the book provides a strong foundation on which to build stigma reduction efforts in the region and world.

HIV/AIDS reverses life expectancy gains, erodes productivity, consumes savings and dilutes growth efforts, threatening the realization of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in Africa.The report is the result of an extensive analytical and consultative process begun in 2006, that engaged more than 1,000 people from over 30 countries and many institutions mostly in Africa, as well as UN agencies, multilateral and bilateral donors, and foundations. The report reaffirms the Bank's commitment to combating HIV/AIDS in Africa, moving from its initial emergency response to the next phase, including the goal to provide at least US $250 million annually and to create an Africa HIV/AIDS Incentive Fund to enhance the evidence base, promote the multisectoral response and provide technical support, analysis and policy advice to countries.

I Am This One Walking Beside Me is a moving collection of prayers written by Daniel Gebhardt, who has been living with HIV/AIDS for the past 20 years. What makes this book unique is that Gebhardt writes from both a Christian and a gay perspective, providing readers with insight into such topics as everyday living, medical issues, relationships, self-exploration, and death.Each topic contains several meditations, and each individual meditation is followed by a personal prayer. Gebhardt also includes prayers that relate to compassion and a global understanding of the disease that continues to spread, 20+ years after it was first identified.

Since 1984, the world has been spending, on the average, over $700 million annually in a futile effort at developing safe and effective HIV vaccines. During this period, over 25 million people have perished from the HIV/AIDS scourge, 90 per cent of them in the poor developing countries of sub-Saharan Africa. The socio-economic wreck caused by the HIV/AIDS pandemic is mind-boggling. The years of wayward search for safe and effective HIV vaccines since 1984 should have shown the world that the recipe for HIV vaccines that they have been following religiously without success should be appraised. That has not been done up till today. Instead, the entire world has persisted with the unscientific, unreasonable, bizarre, and ridiculous dogmas and established knowledge. Globally, the world has deceitfully been made to believe that these vaccines, if ever they would be developed, are at least a decade away. The author expects this book to be of immense interest to all mankind especially international Institutions/Agencies like the UN, UNAIDS and WHO, Governments and their Health Ministries/Departments, the world's major or leading Pharmaceutical Companies, Universities/Research Institutes, leading media houses such as the CNN, the BBC, VOA, AFP and the CBS, virologists, HIV vaccine researchers and developers, medical practitioners and students, medical laboratory scientists and students, registered and student nurses, epidemiologists, ethicists, HIV-infected persons and all those that are involved or interested in HIV vaccine research and development.

Genocide by Denial: How Profiteering from HIV/AIDS Killed Millions traces the carnage of HIV/AIDS from its Ugandan epicentre in the villages of Kasensero, along the shores of Lake Victoria, through sub-Saharan Africa and onto the rest of the world. The author's involvement in the struggle against the virus started in 1989, soon after his return from a long exile in Europe and the Middle East. On arrival he found the disease devastating his country, compelling him to fight the modern-age plague. He became one of the leaders in a protracted fight against the scourge and an advocate for universal access to life-saving antiretroviral therapy. In this book the author exposes the incredible self-indulgence of the pharmaceutical companies and the cold-heartedness of the rich world that turned a blind eye until it was far too late, and then responded too slowly with too little. The book details his challenge to the powerful pharmaceutical companies that insisted on profitable business as usual, ignoring the lives of millions, and his call for more ethical and humanitarian ways of trade, involving crucial life-saving drugs, and a new world order to ensure entitlement of the poor to rapid humanitarian relief.

The Association Of Nurses In AIDS Care (ANAC) Presents The Essential Information Needed By Every Nurse Working With HIV/AIDS Patients In Any Setting. The Text Provides An Educational Framework For HIV/AIDS Clinical Content And Serves Those Preparing For Specialty Certification In HIV/AIDS Training. The Text Covers: A) Infection, Transmission, And Prevention B) Clinical Management Of A Variety Of Patient Types C) Symptomatic Conditions And Symptom Management D) Special Populations E) Psychosocial Concerns For Patients. ANAC's Core Curriculum For HIV/AIDS Nursing, Third Edition Includes The Following New Topics: Updates To The Evidence Basis Underlying The Nursing Care Of Persons With HIV/AIDS. New Issues And Challenges Including The Care For Pediatric Patients And Adults With Giardia, Syphilis And Bipolar Disease. New Text Features Including Case Studies And Quizzes.

'HIV and AIDS in South Asia: An Economic Development Risk' offers an original perspective on HIV and AIDS as major development issues for the region. Although the impact of HIV and AIDS on economic growth appears to be very small, three risks to development are associated with HIV and AIDS in South Asia: the risk of escalating concentrated epidemics, the economic welfare costs, and the fiscal costs of scaling up treatment. As the authors show, South Asian countries have relatively low estimated national HIV prevalence rates, but prevalence is growing rapidly among vulnerable groups at high risk, such as sex workers and their clients, men having sex with men, and injecting drug users and their partners. The cost benefits of targeted prevention programs are high, and the financing of prevention measures such as comprehensive harm reduction and condom use is a sound economic investment in low-prevalence countries with concentrated epidemics. Interventions that reduce the risks and stigma associated with HIV and AIDS have benefits beyond the cost of lives saved; they improve the welfare of those who are at risk and those who fear contracting HIV. Treatment for AIDS in South Asia is limited at present, with weak health systems contributing to low access to and use of services. The challenges of a comprehensive scaling up of antiretroviral treatment are substantial, underscoring the crucial role of effective prevention today. The authors conclude that the limited ability of many households to pay 'catastrophic' health expenses associated with treatment, as well as the negative consequences associated with poor adherence to treatment, suggest a large and central role for the public sector in the provision of antiretroviral therapy. 'HIV and AIDS in South Asia: An Economic Development Risk' will be of particular value to readers with interests in the areas of economic policy, microfinance, public health, and epidemiology.

This book takes its readers on a journey into the very heart of the hunt for viruses - to the key experiments originally performed to prove that these invisibly small particles are the cause of diseases previously blamed on toxins or bacteria and into the latest research. It sheds light on the extraordinary assumptions that underlay much of this research - and on the vaccines that developed from this. The author, an investigative journalist who has researched and produced investigative films for the BBC, American and Australian television, was asked by parents with children severely ill after vaccination, to discover if the medical authorities were hiding anything from them. She agreed, but had no idea how long this search would take. She expected at best to uncover a small degree of contamination. On the ensuing decade-long journey of discovery, she learnt it is not just the added mercury that we have to worry about. She discovered that the top government scientists admit to colleagues that vaccines are contaminated with viruses from chickens, humans and monkeys, with RNA and DNA fragments, with 'cellular degradation products', and possibly 'oncogenes and prions.' They report alarmingly that it is impossible to commercially purify vaccines. They express great concerns, but the public is not told despite the possible consequences for long-term public health. A recent US court decision has linked autism with vaccine contamination. The author cites her sources by name - and gives references and Internet links where they are available. I She reveals evidence that the World Health Organisation has discovered the MMR vaccine is contaminated with chicken leukosis virus, but has decided not totell the public of this, and to continue to make the vaccine with eggs from contaminated chickens. She reports US biowarfare researchers tried to create new agents to destroy our immune systems - and worked on a bacterium to make it a hospital superbug. Did they manage to create HIV? A senior professor told her that the vaccine program was so contaminated that HIV might well have spread though it without any need for military intervention. She set out to find the evidence to resolve this, and to learn how HIV apparently spread so far and fast. She needed to know more about this virus so went to the foundation research widely held today to have found HIV and proved it caused AIDS. She was then rocked to discover that this same research was investigated for scientific fraud for a five year period by powerful US scientific institutions and by Congress, . Why is this not widely known? She found their reports and discovered they found major errors in this research, some so serious that these made it impossible to repeat these experiments and thus to verify them She reveals the evidence unearthed - reproducing key documents so the reader can assess them for themselves. This is explosive material. In the final part of this book the author reports recent research that is revolutionising biology and offering much hope for the future. These new developments shed new light on the relationships between our cells and viruses. They are not necessarily enemies. Readers may find these new developments radically change the ideas they have held about viruses since childhood. This book has over 500 references and includes several documents unearthed under Freedom of Information legislation. It has ascientific glossary and is fully indexed..

'The most complete history of how AIDS treatment activism began - and an appalling look at the government AIDS mismanagement which continues today." -John S. James, editor, "AIDS Treatment News" 'In persuasive detail.Kahn demonstrates [that] the struggle against AIDS requires a continuous fight against vested interests that have little regard for alternative ideas and against egotists who put self-aggrandizement above a worldwide crisis. Arthur Kahn's book presents the history of the clinical struggle and identifies heroes, many of whom have died fighting for all of us. Their efforts must be recognized. Their struggle is not over." -William Regelson, M.D., Professor, College of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University (from the introduction)

This book addresses the comprehensive health care needs of both women and children with HlV infection from a multidisciplinary perspective. The authors represent a wide range of disciplines including medicine, nursing, social work, anthropology, and epidemiology. This text is ide al for all health care practitioners who provide care to women and chi ldren with HlV infection, from physicians, nurses, and midwives to soc ial workers, counselors, and chaplains. Administrators and program pla nners will also find this book to be a valuable resource.