Directs the reader to the authoritative guidance established in AR 600-110, Identification, Surveillance, and Administration of Personnel Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), pertaining to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), pertaining to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing prior to entry on active duty or active for training.

"Making a Difference " has been developed to help community members to become involved in local decision making that will determine what HIV services are available in their community. While this Consumer Digest may be helpful to many types of community members, its primary purpose is to support persons living with HIV disease to be effective participants on Ryan White planning bodies. Whether you already are involved in your planning body process or wish to learn more before Making the Commitment to get involved, Making a Difference can help you. The CARE Act (Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency) is the Federal law that provides money to cities, States, community-based organizations and other types of organizations to provide HIV services. The CARE Act specifically requires that HIV services planning bodies include persons living with HIV disease. These Title I planning councils and Title II planning bodies and consortia (collectively referred to as Ryan White planning bodies throughout this document) have a big impact on determining the types of HIV services - and which specific programs - are available in a community. In recent years, Congress has appropriated (or designated) funding in the range of $2 billion per year to support HIV health services through the CARE Act. Much of this money is distributed to States and local governments that rely on planning bodies to help them identify who is affected by the HIV epidemic, set priorities for the types of HIV services that are needed, and determine how best to allocate funding among multiple priorities. Persons living with HIV disease (PLWH) are critical to the success of these planning processes because they bring a perspective that is different from other members and know firsthand what services are needed. They also can help make sure that different groups of PLWH are included in the process and that their service needs are not overlooked. The Health Resources and Services Administration's (HRSA) HIV/AIDS Bureau (HAB) is the Federal agency responsible for administering the CARE Act. HAB produced this Consumer Digest with the assistance of PLWH members of planning bodies and PLWH trainers at national HIV/AIDS organizations. This document provides new information regarding the CARE Act Amendments of 2000 related to PLWH involvement, and draws upon other publications and materials useful to PLWH on (or considering serving on) a planning body. This digest is intended to provide you with information and tools to help you Make a Difference by serving your community as an active and informed member of a Ryan White planning body.

Preaching Prevention examines the controversial U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) initiative to "abstain and be faithful" as a primary prevention strategy in Africa. This ethnography of the born-again Christians who led the new anti-AIDS push in Uganda provides insight into both what it means for foreign governments to "export" approaches to care and treatment and the ways communities respond to and repurpose such projects. By examining born-again Christians' support of Uganda's controversial 2009 Anti-Homosexuality Bill, the book's final chapter explores the enduring tensions surrounding the message of personal accountability heralded by U.S. policy makers. Preaching Prevention is the first to examine the cultural reception of PEPFAR in Africa. Lydia Boyd asks, What are the consequences when individual responsibility and autonomy are valorized in public health initiatives and those values are at odds with the existing cultural context? Her book investigates the cultures of the U.S. and Ugandan evangelical communities and how the flow of U.S.-directed monies influenced Ugandan discourses about sexuality and personal agency. It is a pioneering examination of a global health policy whose legacies are still unfolding.

State ADAPs function as important components of Title II service systems, yet most State ADAPs are also large and complex enough to merit their own staff resources. As of January 2002, 78 percent of the States have separate individuals (or groups of individuals) administering the Title II program and the State ADAP. Given the unique role of ADAPs in the Ryan White service delivery system, HRSA prepared the ADAP Manual to assist ADAPs with their distinct issues and requirements. The ADAP Manual is meant to complement the information provided in the Ryan White CARE Act Title II Manual. ADAP-specific information from the Title II Manual has been reproduced and, in most cases, has been expanded upon and enhanced. Other areas, such as the Section 340B Drug Discount Program, are unique to the ADAP Manual. All of the information contained in this manual is designed to assist State ADAP coordinators, Title II directors, and others involved with improving access to HIV medications for low-income individuals. Some chapters of the ADAP Manual are taken directly from the Title II Manual. For a comprehensive understanding of the Title II program, however, the two manuals should be used together. Each chapter begins with a chapter summary for quick reference. In addition, each chapter includes a list of sources used and a reference list for further information.

On February 23, 2009, a consultation meeting was held to examine the use of peers in HIV interdisciplinary care settings. The meeting was convened by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), HIVAIDS Bureau (HAB). Participants included HRSA representatives, Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program grantees, researchers, technical assistance providers, health care professionals, program managers and HIV positive peers. Participants heard about the ways in which peers were being used in the fields of HIV, cancer and diabetes to facilitate access to care, treatment and health-related services. The purpose of the meeting, explained Steven Young, HAB's Director of Training and Technical Assistance, was to gain greater insight into the benefits and challenges of having peers on health care teams, to identify the major components of an ideal peer program, and to make recommendations regarding ways in which peer interventions could be funded and sustained within HIV systems of care. Young explained that in the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program, peers are HIV positive individuals who share identifying characteristics with individuals or population groups receiving care or services. Peers and clients share similar experiences and challenges related to class, race, age, gender, language, culture and recovery from substance abuse and/or trauma. These common characteristics often provide peers with deep insight into the feelings and behaviors of clients, and help them forge both personal credibility and trusting relationship with clients. In the field, said Young, peers are also called coaches, community health workers and patient navigators, among other titles. HAB's particular interest is in examining the role of peers on interdisciplinary health care teams, whose focus in the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program is to engage and retain clients in high quality, HIV care. Young emphasized the important role that peers (also called consumers) have played in the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program since its inception. Peers participate in program planning activities, serve as grant reviewers, participate on program advisory committees and boards, and hold positions as volunteers and staff at local health clinics and community-based organizations (CBOs). They serve as faculty of the AIDS Education and Training Centers program. HAB cooperative agreements and grants have supported leadership development for peers to promote their involvement in HIV/AIDS programs. "On an individual level, we have heard from peers that involvement in our programs helps them feel less isolated and gives them an increased sense of purpose," said Young. He added that peers can help improve HIV health care delivery and assessment of client needs, as well as reduce cultural and linguistic barriers, and stigma. Despite widespread acknowledgement within Ryan White that peers play a beneficial role, their function has not been well documented or codified. As a result, HAB is seeking guidance on: Training and support needs of peers; Ideal roles for peers (i.e., staff, volunteers, etc); Financial support for the peer role (grants, reimbursement, etc.); Identification of reasonable client and organizational outcomes related to the use of peers; and Suggestions on how peers might be integrated into specific, legislatively identified core services, such as medical case management and adherence support.

The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), HIV/AIDS Bureau (HAB), Division of Service Systems (DSS), is pleased to offer this manual to Ryan White CARE Act Title II grantees and planning bodies. This publication replaces the Ryan White CARE Act Title II Manual that was distributed after the CARE Act was first reauthorized in 1996. On October 20, 2000 Public Law 106-345, reauthorized the Ryan White CARE Act for a second time, with provisions that affect all CARE Act programs. This manual has incorporated all new provisions affecting the Title II program. This manual is intended for the use of grantees, planning bodies and people living with HIV disease. However, we encourage you to share it with colleagues and peers involved in all aspects of the Ryan White Title I program in your area. The manual is designed to encourage local photocopying and distribution: each section has its own cover and chapters that deal with specific topics in depth. Each section, and chapters within them, can be copied and circulated as standalone documents. This manual contains nine sections. Section One, General Information, contains information that is useful to all readers, such as an overview of the CARE Act, CARE Act 2000 legislation, summary of changes to the Title II program, a description of DSS, and an overview of technical assistance for grantees and planning bodies. Section Two, Grants Administration, includes updated information on local administration of the CARE Act as well as guidance on Maintenance of Effort. Section Three, Reporting Requirements, is new for this manual and provides in-depth history and instructions on reports that HAB/DSS requires of grantees, including allocations reports; budgeting, contracting, and fiscal reports; Minority AIDS Initiative (MAI) reports; and the new CARE Act Data Report (CADR). Sample repot forms are included. Section Four, Policies, is a complete list of Program Policy Guidance and Policy Notes that have been issued by HAB and DSS since the inception of the CARE Act. Section Five, Title II Program Categories, outlines program areas under Title II, which are designed to give States flexibility in meeting their needs. Section Six, Planning Bodies, provides materials to help Title II planning entities function more effectively. Section Seven, Coordination, reviews the various ways that Title II can coordinate in planning, funding of services, and service delivery. Section Eight, Program Guidance, presents updated legislation, DSS expectations and implementation suggestions on issues such as: needs assessment, comprehensive planning, quality management, early intervention services, and priority setting and resource allocation. Section Nine, Chief Elected Official Guide, is new for this manual and gives the reader a better understanding of the relationship of the CEO to the grantee and planning bodies. It covers both Title I and Title II CEO duties. Section Ten contains definitions and acronyms and a listing of approved service category definitions. Section Eleven is a listing of HRSA/HAB offices and Title II grantees. Points to Remember: This manual provides a practical, "how to" guide for many aspects of the Title II program. While the hope is that the manual will be a stand alone document, there are other manuals and resources such as the: Title I Manual, CARE Act Needs Assessment Guide, Training Guide: Preparing Planning Body Members, and Self Assessment Modules, as well as other HRSA publications that will supplement the information presented here; A reference list is included at the end of each chapter in the manual. Another excellent source of information and guidance for grantees and planning councils is the HAB website that is continually updated (see http: //hab.hrsa.gov); There will be continual updates and inserts sent to the Title II CARE Act community to keep your manuals as up to date as possible.

This Training Guide was developed to assist Title I HIV planning councils and Title II care consortia in ensuring that all members have the information and skills for full participation in Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency (CARE) Act planning and implementation activities, with special emphasis on PLWH members . Successful implementation of the CARE Act depends upon the work of planning bodies in communities throughout the nation, and requires that members be diverse, active, and well informed. PLWH involvement in such planning bodies is both a legislative requirement and a practical necessity . The CARE Act, enacted in 1990 and reauthorized in 1996, requires planning councils and consortia to include members from affected communities, including people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHs). The Division of HIV Services (DHS), which administers Title I and Title II of the CARE Act, believes that effective programs and services must be developed based on the input and perspectives of those for whom the services are intended. The Training Guide was initiated to address the need for orientation and training for planning body members who were people living with HIV disease . A consultant to DHS developed the initial outline. Subsequently, DHS staff and participants in the third Community Discussion Group meeting in October 1995 reviewed, revised, and expanded it. The resulting content outline became the basis for this guide, prepared by MOSAICA: The Center for Nonprofit Development and Pluralism through an interactive process with the PLWH Response Committee of DHS and with John Snow, Inc., the Ryan White Technical Assistance Contractor. Following review of the draft guide, DHS decided that a Training Guide was needed not just for PLWHs but for all planning body members. The guide therefore provides information that can be used for providing orientation and ongoing training to all planning body members, including people living with HIV disease.

In this collection of essays, Lawrence O. Gostin, an internationally recognized scholar of AIDS law and policy, confronts the most pressing and controversial issues surrounding AIDS in America and around the world. He shows how HIV/AIDS affects the entire population - infected and uninfected - by influencing our social norms, our economy, and our country's role as a world leader. Now in the third decade of this pandemic, the nation and the world still fail to respond to the needs of persons living with HIV/AIDS and continue to tolerate injustice in their treatment, Gostin argues. AIDS, both in the United States and globally, deeply affects poor and marginalized populations, and many U.S. policies are based on conservative moral values rather than public health and social justice concerns. Gostin tackles the hard social, legal, political, and ethical issues of the HIV/AIDS pandemic: privacy and discrimination, travel and immigration, clinical trials and drug pricing, exclusion of HIV-infected health care workers, testing and treatment of pregnant women and infants, and needle-exchange programs. This book provides an inside account of AIDS policy debates together with incisive commentary. It is indispensable reading for advocates, scholars, health professionals, lawyers, and the concerned public.

The Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention is pleased to present its Strategic Plan 2011-2015. The Plan encompasses all aspect of the Division's work and will serve as a practical guide to inform development of work plans to ensure DHAP activities and resources are aligned with its priorities.

Speech and Song at the Margins of Global Health tells the story of a unique Zulu gospel choir comprised of people living with HIV in South Africa, and how they maintained healthy, productive lives amid globalized inequality, international aid, and the stigma that often comes with having HIV. By singing, joking, and narrating about HIV in Zulu, the performers in the choir were able to engage with international audiences, connect with global health professionals, and also maintain traditional familial respect through the prism of performance. The focus on gospel singing in the narrative provides a holistic viewpoint on life with HIV in the later years of the pandemic, and the author's musical engagement led to fieldwork in participants' homes and communities, including the larger stigmatized community of infected individuals. This viewpoint suggests overlooked ways that aid recipients contribute to global health in support, counseling, and activism, as the performers set up instruments, waited around in hotel lobbies, and struck up conversations with passersby and audience members. The story of the choir reveals the complexity and inequities of global health interventions, but also the positive impact of those interventions in the crafting of community.

Though more than 150,000 AIDS-related deaths have been reported worldwide and between 5 and 10 million people are now infected with its precursor, HIV-1, the deadly and relatively new AIDS virus is still a mystery. AIDS and the Social Sciences: Common Threads, an enlightening examination of the AIDS epidemic from the viewpoints of various social sciences, provides us with clues to that mystery. The essays' original research and firsthand accounts from social scientists offer an excellent overview of the research agendas and directions for a disease that is an increasing presence in our society. Sociologists, geographers, anthropologists, psychologists, social workers, and people in government agencies converge in this book to discuss the social, political, economic, legal, moral, and ethical issues related to AIDS. Their methods of approaching the study of AIDS range from a case study approach to survey research to participant observation. Among the topics examined in this distinctive collection are the geographic origins of AIDS, the psychosocial aspects of AIDS, the impact of AIDS on women and children, and the federal funding patterns of AIDS-related research. One chapter traces the diffusion of the pandemic in major urban areas, smaller cities, and finally rural America. Another documents the devastating impact the disease has had on central and East Africa, some areas of which have as many as one in four adults who are HIV-infected. AIDS and the Social Sciences could serve as a primary or supplemental text for college courses and is an important resource for anyone interested in social science or public health.

AIDS: The Real Cause
This ground-breaking new book by Thomas A. Patterson provides the first comprehensive, scientific explanation of what really causes AIDS. It includes the results of more than 30 years of AIDS research and for the first time combines key findings of both proponents and critics of the standard HIV-AIDS explanation.
But Patterson goes one step further and adds the crucial, missing piece of the puzzle: a disease known as "The Great Imitator" to historians of medicine, as it has been misleading doctors repeatedly over the centuries by causing symptoms that imitate other illnesses. A disease that is caused by a microbe known to clinicians as the "stealth pathogen," because it subverts the immune system, evades detection by many standard testing procedures, survives treatment by most standard antibiotics, and may strike unexpectedly even years or decades after infection. A disease known as: syphilis.
By connecting the dots, a bigger picture emerges: it turns out that syphilis explains all aspects of AIDS conclusively, including modes of transmission, immunological characteristics, clinical symptoms, epidemiology both in developed and developing countries, and historical timing of the AIDS epidemic.
Historical documents reveal that a small group of pioneering researchers and doctors suspected chronic syphilis as the true cause of AIDS from the very beginning. At the time, they couldn't prove their case, hence they were ignored and soon forgotten - almost. Yet modern research shows that they may have been right all along.
Based on these insights, Patterson proposes a radically new and yet simple medical treatment scheme that may finally put an end to the 30-year epidemic of AIDS.
A real game changer.
130 scientific references. 20 illustrations and high-resolution micrographs.

AIDS was the perfect storm due to several events that converged in the early 1980's. For 30 years, we have been living with the flawed theory of HIV causing AIDS without valid scientific proof. Learn the truth about AIDS; HIV has never been proven to cause AIDS; there isn't a test for the actual virus; "viral load" test does not measure a virus; HIV has never been properly isolated or validated; there isn't any proof that HIV is sexually transmitted; AIDS medicines can cause AIDS; HIV has never been found in anyone's blood; thousands have died due to AIDS medicines; and don't let faulty HIV tests ruin your life. Discover that AIDS in Africa is mainly inflated statistics; HIV positive does not mean active infection; HIV does not kill t-cells; HIV violates Koch's Postulates; and toxic and black-box warning drugs harm people, especially pregnant women and the fetus. AIDS is a multifactorial disease which can be defeated by restoring the immune system. Many have learned the truth about AIDS, have stopped the toxic medicines, and are living healthy lives.

A review of the life and accomplishments of Dr. MD Linda including developing a new urgent protocol on the first ever 1980's AIDS USA patient, the developed protocol is still used, to save lives.