This book offers the first comprehensive yet critical overview of methods used to evaluate interaction between humans and social robots. It reviews commonly used evaluation methods, and shows that they are not always suitable for this purpose. Using representative case studies, the book identifies good and bad practices for evaluating human-robot interactions and proposes new standardized processes as well as recommendations, carefully developed on the basis of intensive discussions between specialists in various HRI-related disciplines, e.g. psychology, ethology, ergonomics, sociology, ethnography, robotics, and computer science. The book is the result of a close, long-standing collaboration between the editors and the invited contributors, including, but not limited to, their inspiring discussions at the workshop on Evaluation Methods Standardization for Human-Robot Interaction (EMSHRI), which have been organized yearly since 2015. By highlighting and weighing good and bad practices in evaluation design for HRI, the book will stimulate the scientific community to search for better solutions, take advantages of interdisciplinary collaborations, and encourage the development of new standards to accommodate the growing presence of robots in the day-to-day and social lives of human beings.

" Gender and Computers" presents evidence that shows that girls and young women are being left behind on the road to information technology. This book not only documents the digital divide but also provides guideposts to overcoming it. Social psychological theories and data are brought to bear on understanding the societal and environmental roots of the divide. Remedies ranging from family dynamics to teacher-student interactions to the controversial question of the gender organization of schools and school systems are proposed.
"Gender and Computers: Understanding the Digital Divide":
*considers the authors' original research as well as recently published work by other leading scholars;
*documents that girls are at a marked disadvantage in their ability to learn about and profit from information technology in our educational system;
*sets the problem of computer anxiety in a rich context of social psychological theories, including stereotype threat, self-fulfilling prophecy, social comparison and attribution theory; and
*offers suggestions that parents, teachers, and school systems can implement to overcome the digital divide.
The book is intended to appeal to students and researchers in the social and behavioral sciences, education, human factors, and computer science interested in gender differences in general, and in human-computer interaction, in particular. The authors' goal is to stimulate social scientists and educators to further research this topic to generate solutions to the problem.

" Gender and Computers" presents evidence that shows that girls and young women are being left behind on the road to information technology. This book not only documents the digital divide but also provides guideposts to overcoming it. Social psychological theories and data are brought to bear on understanding the societal and environmental roots of the divide. Remedies ranging from family dynamics to teacher-student interactions to the controversial question of the gender organization of schools and school systems are proposed.
"Gender and Computers: Understanding the Digital Divide":
*considers the authors' original research as well as recently published work by other leading scholars;
*documents that girls are at a marked disadvantage in their ability to learn about and profit from information technology in our educational system;
*sets the problem of computer anxiety in a rich context of social psychological theories, including stereotype threat, self-fulfilling prophecy, social comparison and attribution theory; and
*offers suggestions that parents, teachers, and school systems can implement to overcome the digital divide.
The book is intended to appeal to students and researchers in the social and behavioral sciences, education, human factors, and computer science interested in gender differences in general, and in human-computer interaction, in particular. The authors' goal is to stimulate social scientists and educators to further research this topic to generate solutions to the problem.

In Monitoring Adaptive Spoken Dialog Systems, authors Alexander Schmitt and Wolfgang Minker investigate statistical approaches that allow for recognition of negative dialog patterns in Spoken Dialog Systems (SDS). The presented stochastic methods allow a flexible, portable and accurate use. Beginning with the foundations of machine learning and pattern recognition, this monograph examines how frequently users show negative emotions in spoken dialog systems and develop novel approaches to speech-based emotion recognition using hybrid approach to model emotions. The authors make use of statistical methods based on acoustic, linguistic and contextual features to examine the relationship between the interaction flow and the occurrence of emotions using non-acted recordings several thousand real users from commercial and non-commercial SDS. Additionally, the authors present novel statistical methods that spot problems within a dialog based on interaction patterns. The approaches enable future SDS to offer more natural and robust interactions. This work provides insights, lessons and inspiration for future research and development, not only for spoken dialog systems, but for data-driven approaches to human-machine interaction in general.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of how fractal analytics can lead to the extraction of interesting features from the complex electroencephalograph (EEG) signals generated by Hindustani classical music. It particularly focuses on how the brain responses to the emotional attributes of Hindustani classical music that have been long been a source of discussion for musicologists and psychologists. Using robust scientific techniques that are capable of looking into the most intricate dynamics of the complex EEG signals, it deciphers the human brain's response to different ragas of Hindustani classical music, shedding new light on what happens inside the performer's brain when they are mentally composing the imagery of a particular raga. It also explores the much- debated issue in the musical fraternity of whether there are any universal cues in music that make it identifiable for people throughout the world, and if so, what are the neural correlates associated with the universal cues? This book is of interest to researchers and scholars of music and the brain, nonlinear science, music cognition, music signal processing and music information retrieval. In addition, researchers in the field of nonlinear biomedical signal processing and music signal analysis benefit from this book.

This book discusses human-computer interaction (HCI) which is a multidisciplinary field of study which aims at developing and implementing tools and techniques to attain an effective and efficient interaction between the humans (the users) and computers. In recent years, there is an increase of interest of HCI researchers and practitioners in the inclusion of gaze gestures which can greatly enhance the communication between the human user and the computer, as well as other more "physical" communication involving all what can be learned from movements of the human body, from face, hand, leg, foot, etc., to the whole body movement, even extending to the involvement of groups of agents, even society. These explicitly human-centric issues in the development, design, analysis, and implementation of the HCI systems are discussed in the book. A comprehensive state of the art is given complemented with original own proposals. As opposed to more traditional formal and IT based analyses, the discussion is here more focused on relevant research results from psychology and psychophysiology, and other soft, cognitive, etc., sciences. Remarks on the relevance of affective computing are also mentioned.

This book presents a thorough analysis of gestural data extracted from raw images and/or range data with an aim to recognize the gestures conveyed by the data. It covers image morphological analysis, type-2 fuzzy logic, neural networks and evolutionary computation for classification of gestural data. The application areas include the recognition of primitive postures in ballet/classical Indian dances, detection of pathological disorders from gestural data of elderly people, controlling motion of cars in gesture-driven gaming and gesture-commanded robot control for people with neuro-motor disability. The book is unique in terms of its content, originality and lucid writing style. Primarily intended for graduate students and researchers in the field of electrical/computer engineering, the book will prove equally useful to computer hobbyists and professionals engaged in building firmware for human-computer interfaces. A prerequisite of high school level mathematics is sufficient to understand most of the chapters in the book. A basic background in image processing, although not mandatory, would be an added advantage for certain sections.

"Human Factors in System Design, Development, and Testing" describes engineering system design as a behavioral process, a process which raises questions the designer must answer. It focuses on the concepts underlying the design process, culminating in a behavioral theory of the design process. Special effort has been made to depict human factors design as it actually occurs. Particular attention is paid to users of the design products, with special emphasis on design for the elderly and handicapped.
Written by one of the first leaders in human factors, this book features:
*the use of a large scale survey of design specialists to determine how design issues and problems are dealt with in real life;
*an analysis of the engineering design process as actually being based on cognitive behaviors; and
*the development of a behavioral theory of design.

Interaction with computers is becoming an increasingly ubiquitous and public affair. With more and more interactive digital systems being deployed in places such as museums, city streets and performance venues, understanding how to design for them is becoming ever more pertinent. Crafting interactions for these public settings raises a host of new challenges for human-computer interaction, widening the focus of design from concern about an individual's dialogue with an interface to also consider the ways in which interaction affects and is affected by spectators and bystanders.

"Designing Interfaces in Public Settings" takes a performative perspective on interaction, exploring a series of empirical studies of technology at work in public performance environments. From interactive storytelling to mobile devices on city streets, from digital telemetry systems on fairground rides to augmented reality installation interactive, the book documents the design issues emerging from the changing role of technology as it pushes out into our everyday lives.

Building a design framework from these studies and the growing body of literature examining public technologies, this book provides a new perspective for understanding human-computer interaction. Mapping out this new and challenging design space, "Designing Interfaces in Public Settings "offers both conceptual understandings and practical strategies for interaction design practitioners, artists working with technology, and computer scientists.

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"User Interfaces for All" is the first book dedicated to the issues of Universal Design and Universal Access in the field of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). Universal Design (or Design for All) is an inclusive and proactive approach seeking to accommodate diversity in the users and usage contexts of interactive products, applications, and services, starting from the design phase of the development life cycle. The ongoing paradigm shift toward a knowledge-intensive information society is already bringing about radical changes in the way people work and interact with each other and with information. The requirement for Universal Design stems from the growing impact of the fusion of the emerging technologies, and from the different dimensions of diversity, which are intrinsic to the information society.
This book unfolds the various aspects of this ongoing evolution from a variety of viewpoints. It's a collection of 30 chapters written by leading international authorities, affiliated with academic, research, and industrial organizations, and non-market institutions. The book provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in the field, and includes contributions from a variety of theoretical and applied disciplines and research themes.
This book can also be used for teaching purposes in HCI courses at the undergraduate as well as graduate level. Students will be introduced to the human-, organizational-, and technology-oriented dimensions that call for a departure from traditional approaches to user interface development. Students will also get an overview of novel methods, techniques, tools, and frameworks for the design, implementation, and evaluation of user interfaces that are universally accessible and usable by the broadest possible end-user population.
This comprehensive book is targeted to a broad readership, including HCI researchers, user interface designers, computer scientists, software engineers, ergonomists and usability engineers, Human Factors researchers and practitioners, organizational psychologists, system/product designers, sociologists, policy- and decision makers, scientists in government, industry and education, as well as assistive technology and rehabilitation experts.

Human factors considerations are increasingly being incorporated into the product design process. Users are seen more as being important factors in the overall look and usability of products than just as passive users. We are now treated as cognitive and physical components of the person/product system. The author, who is one of the leading lights in the field of cognitive ergonomics, looks at approaches that assume that if a task can be accomplished with a reasonable degree of efficiency and within acceptable levels of comfort, then the product can be seen as fitting to the user. In this book it is argued that in practice these approaches can be dehumanising. People are more than merely physical and cognitive processors. They have hopes, fears, dreams, values and aspirations, indeed these are the very things that make us human.
Designing Pleasurable Products looks both at and beyond usability, considering how products can appeal to use holistically, leading to products that are a joy to own.

eBook available with sample pages: 020330568X

This book reports on the latest advances in the modeling, analysis and efficient management of information in Internet of Things (IoT) applications in the context of 5G access technologies. It presents cutting-edge applications made possible by the implementation of femtocell networks and millimeter wave communications solutions, examining them from the perspective of the universally and constantly connected IoT. Moreover, it describes novel architectural approaches to the IoT and presents the new framework possibilities offered by 5G mobile networks, including middleware requirements, node-centrality and the location of extensive functionalities at the edge. By providing researchers and professionals with a timely snapshot of emerging mobile communication systems, and highlighting the main pitfalls and potential solutions, the book fills an important gap in the literature and will foster the further developments of 5G hosting IoT devices.

Cognitive task analysis is a broad area consisting of tools and techniques for describing the knowledge and strategies required for task performance. Cognitive task analysis has implications for the development of expert systems, training and instructional design, expert decision making and policymaking. It has been applied in a wide range of settings, with different purposes, for instance: specifying user requirements in system design or specifying training requirements in training needs analysis. The topics to be covered by this work include: general approaches to cognitive task analysis, system design, instruction, and cognitive task analysis for teams. The work settings to which the tools and techniques described in this work have been applied include: 911 dispatching, faultfinding on board naval ships, design aircraft, and various support systems.
The editors' goal in this book is to present in a single source a comprehensive, in-depth introduction to the field of cognitive task analysis. They have attempted to include as many examples as possible in the book, making it highly suitable for those wishing to undertake a cognitive task analysis themselves. The book also contains a historical introduction to the field and an annotated bibliography, making it an excellent guide to additional resources.

This book offers readers fresh insights on applying Extended Reality to Digital Anatomy, a novel emerging discipline. Indeed, the way professors teach anatomy in classrooms is changing rapidly as novel technology-based approaches become ever more accessible. Recent studies show that Virtual (VR), Augmented (AR), and Mixed-Reality (MR) can improve both retention and learning outcomes. Readers will find relevant tutorials about three-dimensional reconstruction techniques to perform virtual dissections. Several chapters serve as practical manuals for students and trainers in anatomy to refresh or develop their Digital Anatomy skills. We developed this book as a support tool for collaborative efforts around Digital Anatomy, especially in distance learning, international and interdisciplinary contexts. We aim to leverage source material in this book to support new Digital Anatomy courses and syllabi in interdepartmental, interdisciplinary collaborations. Digital Anatomy - Applications of Virtual, Mixed and Augmented Reality provides a valuable tool to foster cross-disciplinary dialogues between anatomists, surgeons, radiologists, clinicians, computer scientists, course designers, and industry practitioners. It is the result of a multidisciplinary exercise and will undoubtedly catalyze new specialties and collaborative Master and Doctoral level courses world-wide. In this perspective, the UNESCO Chair in digital anatomy was created at the Paris Descartes University in 2015 (www.anatomieunesco.org). It aims to federate the education of anatomy around university partners from all over the world, wishing to use these new 3D modeling techniques of the human body.

Explore straightforward drawing skills to help you communicate product ideas exponentially faster than you could with text In Drawing Product Ideas: Fast and Easy UX Drawing for Anyone, RSA Fellow and Google Data Visualization Lead, Kent Eisenhuth delivers a new and exciting guide to effectively communicating product ideas by drawing just two simple things: boxes and lines! In the book, you'll learn why drawing is important and how it supports the design thinking process. You'll also discover how to build your drawing toolkit by exploring your own personal drawing style. The author also includes: Strategies for how to use your drawing to support your solutions to real-world problems Tips and tricks for applying your new drawing skills in a workshop setting, in real-time An illuminating foreword by the celebrated Manuel Lima, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts An essential volume for engineers, researchers, and product managers, Drawing Product Ideas is also an indispensable blueprint for anyone seeking to improve their public, ad-hoc drawing skills.

The three volume set provides a systematic overview of theories and technique on social network analysis. Volume 1 of the set mainly focuses on the structure characteristics, the modeling, and the evolution mechanism of social network analysis. Techniques and approaches for virtual community detection are discussed in detail as well. It is an essential reference for scientist and professionals in computer science.

This special issue contains essays regarding the CHI '95 conference, which featured a panel titled, Discount or Disservice? Discount Usability Analysis: Evaluation at a Bargain Price or Simply Damaged Merchandise? Wayne Gray, who organized the panel, presented a controversial critique of studies that had evaluated various usability evaluation methods (UEMs). The level of interest in this discussion led Gray to propose a review article that dealt with the issues in a more systematic fashion. The resulting essay, written by Gray and his collaborator Marilyn Salzman, conducted an in-depth review of a series of influential studies that used experimental methods to compare a variety of UEMs. Gray and Salzman's analysis was framed using Cook and Campbell's (1979) well-known discussion of various forms of validity. They used this to evaluate numerous details of these comparative studies, and they concluded that the studies fell short on the criteria by which good experimental studies are designed and interpreted.

In his remarkable ethnography of computer engineers, Gary Downey investigates the interface between the human body and the machine. Drawing on interviews, observations and personal interaction with engineers, Downey documents the everyday power of technologys dominant image in our society.
Downey argues that we need to appreciate how deeply connected we are to The Machine, and that it would be hugely beneficial if we could understand ourselves and machines as partially configured of the other - we as part machines, machines as part humans. In this way, we can begin to see both the power and the limitations of technology.

In his remarkable ethnography of computer engineers, Gary Downey investigates the interface between the human body and the machine. Drawing on interviews, observations and personal interaction with engineers, Downey documents the everyday power of technologys dominant image in our society.
Downey argues that we need to appreciate how deeply connected we are to The Machine, and that it would be hugely beneficial if we could understand ourselves and machines as partially configured of the other - we as part machines, machines as part humans. In this way, we can begin to see both the power and the limitations of technology.

The potential of new information technologies to support learning has been widely recognized, and educational institutions at all levels have invested heavily in realising such potential. Depite a good deal of early interest in using computers to 'individualize' learning, one of the clearest findings of recent research in computer-based learning is that learning is often positively affected by peer interaction. Learning with Computers brings together a collection of chapters from well-known researchers in this field, and will be of interest to those working within psychology and education.

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Design intuitive navigation for the ideal user experience Hundreds of thousands of Web designers and developers have relied on web usability expert Steve Krug's guide to help them understand the principles of intuitive navigation and information design. Witty, commonsensical, and eminently practical, it's one of the best-loved and most recommended books on the subject. Fresh perspectives and examples New chapter on mobile usability Still short, profusely illustrated...and best of all-fun to read If you've read it before, you'll rediscover what made Don't Make Me Think so essential to Web designers and developers around the world. If you've never read it, you'll see why so many people have said it should be required reading for anyone working on websites. "After reading it over a couple of hours and putting its ideas to work for the past five years, I can say it has done more to improve my abilities as a Web designer than any other book." -Jeffrey Zeldman, author of Designing with Web Standards

This book, originally published in 1992, encapsulates ten years of research at the Open University's Human Cognition Research Laboratory. The research investigates the problems of novice programmers, and is strongly oriented toward the design and implementation of "programming environments" aimed at eliminating or easing novices' problems. A range of languages is studied: Pascal, SOLO, Lisp, Prolog and "Knowledge Engineering Programming". The primary emphasis of the empirical studies is to gain some understanding of novices' "mental models" of the inner workings of computers. Such (erroneous) models are constructed by novices in their own heads to account for the idiosyncrasies of particular programming languages. The primary emphasis of the implementations described in the book is the provision of "automatic debugging aids", i.e. artificial intelligence programs which can analyse novices' buggy programs, and make sense of them, thereby providing useful advice for the novices. Another related strand taken in some of the work is the concept of "pre-emptive design", i.e. the provision of tools such as syntax-directed editors and graphical tracers which help programmers avoid many frequently-occurring errors. A common thread throughout the book is its Cognitive Science/Artificial Intelligence orientation. AI tools are used, for instance, to construct simulation models of subjects writing programs, in order to provide insights into what their deep conceptual errors are. At the other extreme, AI programs which were developed in order to help student debug their programs are observed empirically in order to ensure that they provide facilities actually needed by real programmers. This book will be of great interest to advanced undergraduate, postgraduate, and professional researchers in Cognitive Science, Artificial Intelligence, and Human-Computer Interaction.

Noise is everywhere and in most applications that are related to audio and speech, such as human-machine interfaces, hands-free communications, voice over IP (VoIP), hearing aids, teleconferencing/telepresence/telecollaboration systems, and so many others, the signal of interest (usually speech) that is picked up by a microphone is generally contaminated by noise. As a result, the microphone signal has to be cleaned up with digital signal processing tools before it is stored, analyzed, transmitted, or played out. This cleaning process is often called noise reduction and this topic has attracted a considerable amount of research and engineering attention for several decades. One of the objectives of this book is to present in a common framework an overview of the state of the art of noise reduction algorithms in the single-channel (one microphone) case. The focus is on the most useful approaches, i.e., filtering techniques (in different domains) and spectral enhancement methods. The other objective of Noise Reduction in Speech Processing is to derive all these well-known techniques in a rigorous way and prove many fundamental and intuitive results often taken for granted. This book is especially written for graduate students and research engineers who work on noise reduction for speech and audio applications and want to understand the subtle mechanisms behind each approach. Many new and interesting concepts are presented in this text that we hope the readers will find useful and inspiring.

This volume reveals the history of Information Architecture (IA), reflects on the relationship between practice and research within the discipline, and presents educators with the latest models, frameworks and theories that have emerged from the Information Architecture Academics and Practitioners Roundtable between 2014 and 2019. The most comprehensive and up-to-date overview of Information Architecture so far, this collection is a valuable tool for teachers, researchers, and practitioners interested in recent advances in information architecture in areas such as pervasive computing and embodiment, artificial intelligence, design practice, diversity and ethics in design, and critique. The information landscape has grown more complex, porous and connected-the information challenges of smart phones, sensors and IoT demand focused attention from organizations that often embrace a 'move fast and break things' ethos. This book not only explores the shift from Classical IA to Contemporary IA-it asks, are today's creators prepared to solve the challenges ahead? Have industry-led disciplines abdicated their responsibility to the people who inhabit current information environments? Will this discipline persist? Advances in Information Architecture examines the maturity of the field, revisits the discipline's efforts to transform itself in 2013 with the publication of "Reframing Information Architecture", and considers the opportunities that remain to bridge the academic and practitioner communities.