Many marine biologists have concentrated on the species approach to the study of marine vertebrates. Although it has long been recognized that species interact, it has been far easier to study that interaction from the viewpoint of only one of the participants. Recently biologists have tried to study interactions from the viewpoint of all participants. Because of the high visibility of birds, it is easy to observe their interactions with other vertebrates such as fish, porpoises, and whales, but it is difficult to obtain quantitative data on their interactions. Seabirds and Other Marine Vertebrates, the only comprehensive examination of its kind, fills a particular niche: that of pulling together in one place the exciting current work in marine species interactions between seabirds and other marine vertebrates.The majority of essays in this work are structured to include a balance between literature review, original data, and synthesis. They concern obvious aspects of predation, competition, and commensalism. These topics relate directly to food acquisition and survival in a marine environment, and provide paradigms for the future study of marine birds and other organisms.Since man's encroachment in coastal and pelagic environments is increasing and poses a threat to marine birds, a volume elucidating various aspects of their interactions has multiple uses. As well as being of value to ornithologist, this work should be useful to other vertebrate biologists, behaviorists, ecologists and managers involved with coastal planning. It is a forerunner of things to come in marine biology.

Human-induced environmental disturbance - through fishery activities, coastal development, tourism and pollution - is a major challenge to the restoration and conservation of marine biodiversity. Synthesizing the latest research into marine biodiversity conservation and fisheries management, this book provides regional and global perspectives on the role of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in confronting this challenge. The approach is multidisciplinary, covering all the fields involved in designating and assessing MPAs: ecology, fisheries science, statistics, economics, sociology and genetics. The book is structured around key topics, including threats to marine ecosystems and resources, the effects and effectiveness of MPAs and the scaling-up of MPA systems. Both theoretical and empirical approaches are considered. Recognizing the diversity of MPA sciences, the book also includes one part designed specifically as a practical guide to implementing scientific assessment studies of MPAs and monitoring programs.

Pioneered in the late 1980s, the concept of macroecology--a framework for studying ecological communities with a focus on patterns and processes--revolutionized the field. Although this approach has been applied mainly to terrestrial ecosystems, there is increasing interest in quantifying macroecological patterns in the sea and understanding the processes that generate them. Taking stock of the current work in the field and advocating a research agenda for the decades ahead, "Marine Macroecology" draws together insights and approaches from a diverse group of scientists to show how marine ecology can benefit from the adoption of macroecological approaches.

Divided into three parts, "Marine Macroecology "first provides an overview of marine diversity patterns and offers case studies of specific habitats and taxonomic groups. In the second part, contributors focus on process-based explanations for marine ecological patterns. The third part presents new approaches to understanding processes driving the macroecolgical patterns in the sea. Uniting unique insights from different perspectives with the common goal of identifying and understanding large-scale biodiversity patterns, "Marine Macroecology "will inspire the next wave of marine ecologists to approach their research from a macroecological perspective.

Come for a journey along the Jersey shore with naturalist and ecologist Joanna Burger In these deeply felt, closely observed personal essays, Burger invokes the intertwined lives of naturalist and wild creatures at the ever-changing edge of ocean and land. Discover with her the delicate mating dances of fiddler crabs, the dangers to piping plovers, the swarming of fish communities into the bays and estuaries, the trilling notes of Fowler's toads, and the subtle green-grays of salt marshes.Joanna Burger knows the shore through all its seasons--the first moment of spring when the herring gulls arrive on ice-gouged salt marshes, the end of spring when the great flocks of shorebirds come to feed on horseshoe crab eggs at Cape May, the summer when the peregrine hunts its prey, the fall when the migrations of hawks and monarch butterflies attract watchers from around the world, and the depths of winter when a lone snowy owl sweeps across snow-covered dunes and frozen bay.
This is a book that anyone who loves the Jersey shore will cherish And because so many of these wonderful creatures live all along the Atlantic coast, it will be of equal interest to beach-lovers, naturalists, bird-watchers, fishermen, and coastal and marine scientists from North Carolina to Maine.

This Second Edition of Plankton is a fully updated introduction to the biology, ecology and identification of plankton and their use in monitoring water quality. It includes expanded, illustrated descriptions of all major groups of freshwater, coastal and marine phytoplankton and zooplankton and a new chapter on teaching science using plankton. Best practice methods for plankton sampling and monitoring programs are presented using case studies, along with explanations of how to analyse and interpret sampling data. Healthy waterways and oceans are essential for our increasingly urbanised world. Yet monitoring water quality in aquatic environments is a challenge, as it varies from hour to hour due to stormwater and currents. Being at the base of the aquatic food web and present in huge numbers, plankton are strongly influenced by changes in environment and provide an indication of water quality integrated over days and weeks. Plankton are the aquatic version of a canary in a coal mine. They are also vital for our existence, providing not only food for fish, seabirds, seals and sharks, but producing oxygen, cycling nutrients, processing pollutants, and removing carbon dioxide from our atmosphere. This new edition: contains a new chapter on Plankton in the Classroom has greatly expanded coverage of coastal and marine phytoplankton explains the role of plankton in aquatic ecosystems and its usefulness as a water quality indicator updates and details best practice in methodology for plankton sampling and monitoring programs brings together widely-scattered information on freshwater and coastal phytoplankton and zooplankton and provides a list of up-to-date references. Plankton is an invaluable reference for teachers and students, environmental managers, ecologists, estuary and catchment management committees, and coastal engineers.

"Return to the Sea" portrays the life and evolutionary times of marine mammals - from giant whales and sea cows that originated 55 million years ago to the deep diving elephant seals and clam-eating walruses of modern times. This fascinating account of the origin of various marine mammal lineages, some extinct, others extant but threatened, is for the non-specialist. Set against a backdrop of geologic time, changing climates, and changing geography, evolution is the unifying principle that helps us to understand the present day diversity of marine mammals and their responses to environmental challenges. Annalisa Berta explains current controversies and explores patterns of change taking place today, such as shifting food webs and predator-prey relationships, habitat degradation, global warming, and the effects of humans on marine mammal communities.

In 1948, just weeks before his best friend, marine biologist Ed Ricketts died, John Steinbeck wrote of Ricketts process of discovery, noting that "a young, inquisitive, and original man might one morning find a fissure in the traditional technique of thinking. Through this fissure he might look out and find a new external world about him." A Tidal Odyssey a conversation about that "young, inquisitive, and original man" who found "a new external world about him" and so captivated the imagination of scientists and lay readers alike as he transformed our understanding of the seashore. This is a book about that remarkable man and his pathbreaking book about marine life on the Pacific Coast of North America. With his friend Jack Calvin, Ricketts authored his magnum opus, Between Pacific Tides (1939), a guide to the seashore invertebrates in one of the most prolific life zones in the world. He and Calvin describe the key field characteristics of the species, and then place them in their ecological context, by habitat, in a natural history-based narrative. At a time when almost all studies of life in the intertidal zones were taxonomic, Ricketts and Calvin revolutionized the field and helped to lay the groundwork for studies of the impact of environmental change on the natural world. By happenstance, Ed Ricketts is best known as a character in John Steinbeck's fiction. But the real man is obscured by Steinbeck's authorial license. Steinbeck's Doc is the quirky young man who reads Li Po and drinks beer milkshakes. He was also a serious marine biologist who conducted pioneering studies of life in the intertidal zones. He was a true renaissance man -- conversant in music and philosophy, poetry and mythology. Friendly with such notables as mythologist Joseph Campbell, experimental composer John Cage, and novelist Henry Miller, as well as with Steinbeck and many of the most eminent biologists of his time, he was a man for all seasons. This, then, is a book for readers who are interested in the world of Ed Ricketts as well as marine biology, intertidal ecology, and the manner in which ecological studies underpin our understanding of the impact of environmental change on the well being of our planet.

This monograph includes seven chapters, each presenting recent advancements in the field of marine biology. Chapter One describes how the biodiversity of the Mediterranean marine environment has changed due to climate change and species invasions and proposes policy suggestions. Chapter Two discusses an integrated ecotoxicological view on elasmobranch conservation regarding chemical contamination alongside potential ecological outcomes for this group and human impacts derived from elasmobranch consumption. Chapter Three congregates information about the morphological traits of crabs to lay a foundation for a better understanding of taxonomic and phylogenetic studies, ecological studies, and the stock assessment and management of commercially important species. Chapter Four shows how foraminiferal associations are influenced by nutrients and abiotic factors that control the carbonate production in the modern outer shelf of Rio Grande do Norte, in the region of Acu Reefs. Chapter Five describes the first satellite tagging research project in the southern Gulf of Mexico for bottlenose dolphins. Chapter Six investigates the threat posed by cutaneous fibropapillomatosis, a tumor that arises on the skin or internal organs of sea turtles and affects up to 97% of this population. Finally, Chapter Seven discusses the eco-biology, exploitation and social aspects related to the common octopus along the Kerkennah Island in the South Center of the Mediterranean Sea.

Dinoflagellates are fascinating protists, mostly unicellular, distributed in environments ranging from the polar to tropical seas, hypersaline, coastal, estuarine and oceanic waters. There are about 2,377 dinoflagellate species recognized. They exhibit a great diversity of shape, size, biochemical composition and physiological characteristics. Generally free floating, dinoflagellates are photosynthetic, a few species such as the Symbodinium are symbiotic, living in corals, while a few are parasitic. This volume presents a discussion on dinoflagellate phylogeny based on recent developments in molecular biology. It provides insights into the similarity of pigment composition with other microalgae. A comprehensive coverage of their carbon assimilation rates is presented, which appear to be low compared to other microalgae. Besides photosynthetic assimilation, an interesting aspect of acquiring carbon is through mixotrophy which appears to be wide spread amongst dinoflagellates and a thorough discussion is presented. Key features of this book include recent methods of culturing dinoflagellates, which can serve as analogues of their blooms in understanding their physiology, biochemistry and production of phycotoxins. This book, based on massive data collected over decades of research, provides an informative overview on the spatial and temporal distribution and dispersal of dinoflagellates by ocean currents, ballast water introductions and climate changes. About 70 species of dinoflagellates are implicated in the production of ephemeral harmful algal blooms (HABs), which are on the increase globally. Based on several case studies, a comprehensive coverage of the phycotoxins produced by HAB species (PSP, DSP, ASP, Ciguatera, NSP) is presented. The adverse effects of phycotoxins on human health, and the loss of revenues ($50 million in the USA) due to fish kills are evaluated. Latest advances in the methodology of genomics are presented with a view to highlight their importance and to understand their linkage with phycotoxin production. A discussion of remediation measures to manage HABs is presented, which would be highly useful in aquaculture operations. This book provides a large number of illustrations, microphotographs and color photographs. It is ideal for any audience requiring an in-depth exposure to current issues, ideas and methods used in dinoflagellate studies. The topics discussed serve as a useful reference to researchers, scientists, environmental managers, undergraduate and graduate students.

Lobsters are marine decapod crustaceans belonging to a diverse array of taxa, many of which support major fisheries of great socioeconomic importance to human communities and play important roles in natural ecosystems. This book contains chapters describing studies of the larval biology, behavior and habitat preferences, and fisheries management of fished clawed and spiny lobster species. Chapter 1 attempted to use a model based on enzyme thermodynamics to estimate and compare the lower and upper threshold temperatures and intrinsic optimum temperature for the development of American lobster larvae. Chapter 2 used an inferential ecomorphological approach incorporating information on the morphology, life history, biotope, and behavior of a selection of 11 decapod species present in European waters to predict the likely natural habitat of small juvenile European lobsters, a critical life stage about which, remarkably, little is known. Chapter 3 used simulation modeling to estimate the impacts of different fisheries harvesting strategies on the catches and socioeconomic values of Caribbean spiny lobster fisheries in different nations, illustrating their sensitivity to heterogeneous fisheries management. These chapters demonstrate new approaches to the study of lobsters that can contribute important information on their biology and fisheries ecology for use in forecasting the potential impacts of changes in climate and fisheries management on their populations and the fisheries they support.

At present, two native lamprey species occur in the Czech Republic, namely the brook lamprey and the Ukrainian lamprey. Lampreys: Evolution, Distribution and Use in Research begins by summarizing the available knowledge about the biology, ecology, distribution, monitoring of occurrence and action plans/recovery programmes for the aforementioned species. Following this, the occurrence of lampreys of the genus Lethenteron in 19 rivers and one lake in Sakhalin Island is documented, and sex differences in adults in respect to morphometric parameters are also presented. Mammalian blood clotting is presented as an extremely complex phenomenon involving more than two dozen proteins interacting in a series of limited proteolytic events partitioned into two calcium-dependent pathways. Some clotting proteins in mammals are present in only trace amounts, and proving their absence or presence in lampreys was not possible until the era of whole genome sequencing. As such, the authors retrace this development from a personal standpoint.

A biomarker is a biochemical, cellular, physiological or behavioral variation that can be measured in tissue or body fluid samples or at the level of whole organisms that provides evidence of exposure to and/or effects of one or more chemical pollutants or radiations. Based on the facts related to the existence of contaminant stressors, an understanding of chemical modes of toxicity can be incorporated with diagnostic markers of aquatic animal physiology to help understand the health status of aquatic organisms in the field. New approaches in functional genomics and bioinformatics can help discriminate individual chemicals, or groups of chemicals among complex mixtures that may contribute to adverse biological effects. By using these recent methodologies, it could be useful to shed light on the molecular evolution of the biomarkers, and which role and functionality can be better understood based on exploring the relative evolution pathways in several aquatic organisms. PhD students and scientists with interests on physiology, ecotoxicology, biochemistry, molecular biology, molecular evolution and aquatic science disciplines will find this book very useful, based on the concepts and the relative biomarkers study cases, analyzed from the evolutionary point of view.

Taking an integrated approach to the biology of marine mammals; this book provides a general introduction to the biology of marine mammals, and an overview of the adaptations that have permitted mammals to succeed in the marine environment. It contains information for the interested beach dweller or student and for the scientist or marine resource manager, exploring the essential aspects of what makes marine mammals physiologically ""different"" from terrestrial mammals in regard to life in the sea.

Water resources and services are integrated measures of social systems that range beyond the technical world and the IWRM requires a balance between competing views of social and political issues. This volume focuses on increased awareness of the human dimension, women's role, environmental protection, sustainability and food security aspects in achieving sustainable water management. Understanding the strategies used by small farmers, as well as how small farming systems work or why they fail, could shed light on the constraints they face and the measures to be taken to overcome them. It also draws key insights on movements promoting the involvement of grassroots communities in the sustainable management of their resources.

Water is a key driver of economic and social development while it also has a basic function in maintaining the integrity of the natural environment. Presents the rationale approach for the Integrated Water Resources Management; this volume brings together both the different environmental problems that affect the very different ecosystems and the main methodologies able to face the problem of IWM. It will be of an invaluable resource for those involved in urban water management, including water utility managers, engineering technical staff, operations and maintenance specialists.

The Zoological Guide to Crustacea opens by providing an update on the cave crustacean decapods from Mexico, because in the last thirty years several species have been described. Mexico has diverse cave environments according to cave origin, such as: karstic caves, volcano caves with freshwater habitats and anchialine caves with marine and brackish habitats. The following study focuses on a total of 2,700 Artemia franciscana collected at the Al Wathba Reserve between December 2017 and May 2018, which were examined for the presence of larval helminths by direct microscopy of glycerin mounted specimens. Of these, 341 (= 12.6%) specimens contained different species of the Hymenopepididae and Progynotaeniidae families. The penultimate study investigates whether the non-marine ostracod Heterocypris incongruens can detect and react to chemical compounds derived from a predator and from injured conspecifics. The closing study demonstrates the diversity of larval phases and their importance to lobster populations and fisheries, and provides a summary of larval developmental patterns and behaviors and their potential impacts on larval dispersal and lobster demographic connectivity.

The authors begin this compilation by analyzing catalase and peroxidase enzymes in different Black Sea teleosts related to their taxonomic, physiological and ecological position and evaluation of the anthropogenic impact on these antioxidant enzymes in fish tissues. The complex of specific phylogenic, physiological and ecological features of fish species may modify their antioxidant status, and it is important to understand for the development of monitoring programs. Next, the ratio of constitutive and reparative neurogenesis in the pallium of the juvenile masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou, is analyzed. Since salmonid juveniles are characterized by a high level of constitutive neurogenesis, the authors investigated proliferative activity and neurodifferentiation in the dorsal pallial area of the masu salmon juvenile. The study has allowed for indentification of the superficially located periventricular proliferative zone, which corresponds to the pallial periventricular zone of other fish species. The objective of the final chapter was to study proliferation processes and the role of radial glia and neural stem cells in the event of injurious action on cerebellum of masu salmon juveniles. Using the immunoperoxidase staining of the glial fibrillary acidic protein, doublecortine and proliferating cells nuclear antigen, processes of proliferation and gliogenesis after mechanical trauma of cerebellum of masu salmon juveniles were studied.

In this compilation, the authors examine a plant dealing with mussel shell waste as input in its valorisation process, which is considered a priori an eco-friendly solution to the disposal of these products. Conversely, as a result of the thermal treatment of the shell waste, odour emissions to the atmosphere are a significant issue. Therefore, the authors seek to identify pollution sources and solutions. Following this, the book reports on different methodologies for the identification of emerging metals pollutants, together with all toxic metals, in mussels, clams and oysters. The possibility of human consumption, among other things, makes this identification necessary prior to their being sold in the market. In a separate study, the authors analysed oxidative stress in relation to the impact of global climate change on bivalves through the study of the organisms responses to mitigate damage and control the generation of reactive oxygen species. Through this, the book expands our understanding of multifactorial effects on the marine ecosystem, providing insight into the acclimation, adaptive and stress response processes of bivalves. In order to compare oxidative stress conditions in bivalves obtained from both sites, the authors also evaluated the production of ROS and oxidative stress biomarkers in hemocytes from the A. atra atra during the month of September of 2015. Based on the results, it can be concluded that hemocytes from the ribbed mussel A. atra atra may be used as a model to evaluate oxidative stress induced by pollutants or other environmental stressors. Later, the level of lipid oxidation and non-enzymatic antioxidants content in Mytilus edulis chilensis for commercialization is evaluated, after the treatment with ascorbic acid. The results showed the generation of oxidative stress in mussels during dry condition. In the concluding chapter, the role of several mussel species in environmental monitoring programs, with emphasis on metal contamination, including metal bioaccumulation potential and biomarker investigations. Additonally, the fact that these organisms may be an important contaminant transfer link to the human population and pose important public health risks will also be discussed.

One of California's most remarkable wetlands, Suisun Marsh is the largest tidal marsh on the West Coast and a major feature of the San Francisco Estuary. This productive and unique habitat supports endemic species, is a nursery for native fishes, and is a vital link for migratory waterfowl. The 6,000-year-old marsh has been affected by human activity, and humans will continue to have significant impacts on the marsh as the sea level rises and cultural values shift in the century ahead. This study includes in-depth information about the ecological and human history of Suisun Marsh, its abiotic and biotic characteristics, agents of ecological change, and alternative futures facing this ecosystem.

Providing a comprehensive account of marine conservation, this book examines human use and abuse of the world's seas and oceans and their marine life, and the various approaches to management and conservation. Healthy marine ecosystems - the goods and services that they provide - are of vital importance to human wellbeing. There is a pressing need for a global synthesis of marine conservation issues and approaches. This book covers conservation issues pertinent to major groups of marine organisms, such as sharks, marine turtles, seabirds and marine mammals; key habitats, from estuaries, wetlands and coral reefs to the deep sea; and from local and regional to international initiatives in marine conservation. An ideal resource for students, researchers and conservation professionals, the book pays appropriate attention to the underlying marine biology and oceanography and how human activities impact marine ecosystems, enabling the reader to fully understand the context of conservation action and its rationale.

Thema des vorliegenden Buches ist der Umgang mit dem Wasser an der niedersachsischen Kuste (hier: die Entwasserung der niedrig liegenden Landschaft), eine fundamentale Angelegenheit fur die Menschen, die hier leben und arbeiten. Fur ein junges Zielpublikum wird unterhaltsam erlautert, wohin das Wasser fliesst und welche Anstrengungen unsere Vorfahren unternommen hatten, damit wir in dieser Landschaft (uber)leben koennen. Daruber hinaus werden Veranderungen, die z. B. uber den Klimawandel auf diese Landschaft einwirken, in die Entdeckungsreise der vier Protagonisten eingebunden.

"Advances in Marine Biology" presents original research results on the leading edge of marine biology discovery. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial research results across a broad spectrum. In this volume, the first chapter reviews the influenza viruses in marine mammals. Chapter Two presents an overview of the development and study of marine sponges bioactive compounds for anti-inflammatory activity for the last four years (2012-2016). Chapter Three provides an updated review of the helminth fauna of cetaceans. Chapter Four discusses the effect of clays on the removal of okadaic acid from seawater. Chapter Five focuses on biomarker responses in black sea scorpian fish Scorpaena porcus to anthropogenic impact. Chapter Six provides an overview of trophic ecology of the shortfin mako Isurus oxyrinchus (Lamniformes: Lamnidae) in the Eastern Pacific ocean. Chapter Seven examines a fishery encompassing two of the Spanish fleets target species that exhibit a significant ecological predatory interdependence: the blue whiting and the southern stock of European hake.