This book will take the reader through a systematic examination of the factors involved in process innovation. It starts with the considerations to be initiated in the boardroom and at group management level and develops into a hands-on guide for middle management and professional engineers directly involved in the innovation of process technology. The book initially puts process innovation in a corporate perspective, providing a framework for the development of a corporate process innovation strategy. Some new methodological tools are also introduced which support the targeting and proper roadmapping of improved process capabilities, and the progression of customer and end-user product demands, into raw-material specifications in a well-managed supply and demand chain.Various aspects of the design of a process innovation organisation are reviewed in a later section. In the context of the development of process technology, this book advocates the importance of delineating and clarifying corporate work processes. Various environments for development work are discussed, from initial test work to pilot-plant testing and the use of demonstration facilities to achieve lean process innovation. The importance of an open collaborative approach is stressed. This includes involving external equipment manufacturers at an early stage as well as collaborative development of customers' use of the products in their production processes, with a view to excellence in future application development.Process innovation will not, however, generate profit or reduce operating costs until the new or improved process technology is operating well in the plant. Best practice for start-up of new process technology and process plants is examined, starting with a fresh outlook on technology transfer in general. This often-neglected area of management of process innovation is, in fact, of an importance equivalent to that of a product launch in the development of new products. The final part of the book closes the circle, discussing how to implement and measure the strategic intent of process innovation. Improving the general performance of corporate process innovation is then covered by going through success factors and key performance indicators, and their aggregation on a corporate level.

The genesis and diffusion of innovation depends upon the density of the cognitive and market relationships among individuals, organisations and institutions at both the micro- and macro-economic level. By addressing the nature of these relationships, which include cooperation, competition and power, this book presents an important and progressive enquiry into the economic and social origins of innovation. The authors in the book stress the importance of cognitive and economic linkages in the assessment and analysis of innovation within the enterprise, within local and national economies and at the international level. They present a series of interesting studies of research labs, enterprises and networks, systems of innovation and innovative milieux to present emerging ideas from different theoretical traditions. They also demonstrate how specific actors, such as the State or certain individual enterprises, are able to determine the process of diffusion, coordination and standardisation of knowledge and technologies. Thus, economic and political power is a key notion that permeates the book. Taking the renewal of technologies and markets as a starting point, the book also clearly shows that military programmes and industries constitute one of the engines of capitalist economies. This book will interest and inform a broad readership of scholars and students working on the economics and management of innovation, the economics of technology policy and business studies.

How is the Internet produced as an infrastructure in post-socialist Lithuania? Migle Bareikyte contributes to the growing field of STS and media studies with a distinct focus on Eastern Europe. She situates the Internet development in Lithuania's telecom industry with the exploration of its labor practices, geopolitical imaginaries, and critical negotiations from a bottom-up perspective. Bareikyte further explores how fieldwork-based research can foster new theorizations of media infrastructures. Finally, she argues for a situated investigation of new places and actors beyond the United States and Western Europe-such as post-socialist regions-in order to explore the diversity of media infrastructures.

HPC, Big Data, AI Convergence Towards Exascale provides an updated vision on the most advanced computing, storage, and interconnection technologies, that are at basis of convergence among the HPC, Cloud, Big Data, and artificial intelligence (AI) domains. Through the presentation of the solutions devised within recently founded H2020 European projects, this book provides an insight on challenges faced by integrating such technologies and in achieving performance and energy efficiency targets towards the exascale level. Emphasis is given to innovative ways of provisioning and managing resources, as well as monitoring their usage. Industrial and scientific use cases give to the reader practical examples of the needs for a cross-domain convergence. All the chapters in this book pave the road to new generation of technologies, support their development and, in addition, verify them on real-world problems. The readers will find this book useful because it provides an overview of currently available technologies that fit with the concept of unified Cloud-HPC-Big Data-AI applications and presents examples of their actual use in scientific and industrial applications.

Will the workplace of the future be overrun by machines and robots? Are the new frontiers of artificial intelligence (AI) on the cusp of dethroning us in efficiency, intelligence and innovative potential? Automation and AI will augment our human world and potential. The winners of the future of work are those that harness the power of machines to their advantage. Human/Machine is the only guide you need to understand the fourth industrial revolution. It sets out a road map to the challenges ahead, but also unlocks the wondrous opportunities that it offers.

Human/Machine explores how we will work symbiotically with machines, detailing how institutions, companies, individuals and education providers will evolve to integrate seamlessly with new technologies. With exclusive case studies, this book offers a glimpse into the future and details how top companies are already thriving on this very special relationship. From gamification in job training to project management teams integrated with bots and predictive technologies that fix problems in the supply chain before they happen, the authors deliver a powerful manifesto for the adoption and celebration of automation and AI. In a much more fluid, skills-based economy, we will all need to prove our worth and future-proof our skills base. This book offers a blueprint to avoid being left behind and unearth the opportunities unique to human-machine partnership ecosystems.

There is a long-standing tradition of research that highlights the importance of differences in the organizational and technological capabilities of firms and their effect on economic performance. This book expands on this theme by exploring the role of knowledge and innovation in firm strategy and industrial change. Underlying the volume is the belief that firms have distinctive methods of operation and that these processes have a strong element of continuity. The authors examine the role played by firms in developing, linking and utilizing the knowledge produced in many different social institutions in order to advance their organizational and technological skills. They demonstrate how understanding the manner in which firms enhance their capabilities is essential for recognizing how the economy operates and changes as a whole. To help illuminate the crucial role of knowledge and innovation, the authors use international data and insightful case studies of firms from throughout the world. These include biotechnology in Portugal, oil in Scotland, telephone/internet banking in France and Sweden, and fuel cell development in the US and Europe. This broad-ranging book will be of immense worth to scholars and students in the fields of innovation, R&D management, technology management, organization studies and industrial innovation.

The convergence of technology-based competitive capabilities among the world's economies has drastically altered the required economic growth strategies in industrialized nations. Based on a variety of corporate and government investment trend data and comparisons among national growth strategies, Gregory Tassey examines how this convergence has created an imperative for new growth models and strategies. In particular, he analyzes the major policy mechanisms for stimulating R&D investment and improving R&D efficiency over technology life cycles, detailing the needed changes. In the 65 years since Joseph Schumpeter's classic characterization of the 'creative destruction' process of industrial technological change, the role of technology in economic growth has grown relentlessly. The author provides the first detailed assessment of underinvestment in R&D and the two major R&D policy response mechanisms - tax policy and direct funding. The policy models and analyses presented are based largely on US economic experience, but the resulting prescriptions are relevant for all existing and emerging technology-based economies. The author's ultimate message is that the industry-centric Schumpeterian model must be expanded to one in which competition among governments is as important as it is within the private sector. This cutting-edge study will be of interest to science and technology policy researchers and analysts, economists focusing on the impacts of technological change, government managers of science and technology programs, and industry managers from high-tech firms.

A growing body of evidence suggests that financial literacy plays an important role in financial well-being, and that differences in financial knowledge acquired early in life can explain a significant part of financial and more general well-being in adult life. Financial technology (FinTech) is revolutionizing the financial services industry at an unrivalled pace. Views differ regarding the impact that FinTech is likely to have on personal financial planning, well-being and societal welfare. In an era of mounting student debt, increased (digital) financial inclusion and threats arising from instances of (online) financial fraud, financial education and enlightened financial advising are appropriate policy interventions that enhance financial and overall well-being. Financial Literacy and Responsible Finance in the FinTech Era: Capabilities and Challenges engages in this important academic and policy agenda by presenting a set of seven chapters emanating from four parallel streams of literature related to financial literacy and responsible finance. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of The European Journal of Finance.

This volume, originally published in 1993 is based on extensive research and draws together a selection of detailed global case studies illustrating a variety of issues from Japanese joint ventures to small business development. It considers the scope and scale of collaboration in order to assess the way successful companies have achieved their growth. The book presents a synthesis of business functions and economic analysis and asks what the implications for skills development are; what effect public policy has; how far such ventures can go and what decision making processes are involved.

In diesem Buch werden die Risiken von Kernkraftwerken und der verantwortungsbewusste Umgang damit zur Vermeidung von Stoerfallen mit Aussenwirkung in einer fur den Laien verstandlichen Form erklart. Dazu werden die Grundlagen der Kernkraftwerkstechnologie und die Sicherheitsmassnahmen erlautert, auch mit Blick auf in der Vergangenheit eingetretene Stoerfalle. Nach kurzer Darstellung der in der Welt betriebenen Kernkraftwerke und der zugehoerigen Brennstoff-Kreislauf-Anlagen werden die in den nachsten Jahren in Deutschland verbleibenden Druck- und Siedewasser-Reaktoren sowie die neu entwickelten Reaktoren - der Europaische Druckwasser-Reaktor (EPR) und der neu entwickelte Siedewasserreaktor SWR-1000 (KERENA) - beschrieben. Danach werden das reaktorphysikalische und das sicherheitstechnische Gesamtkonzept dieser Reaktoren und die in einem Genehmigungsverfahren zu erstellenden Analysen fur die Auslegungsstoerfalle dargestellt. Nach kurzer Diskussion der Ergebnisse von probabilistischen Analysen und der Ergebnisse von fruheren Risikostudien werden neuere sicherheitstechnische Forschungsergebnisse vorgestellt, die in den letzten 20 Jahren zum Thema Kernschmelz-Unfalle und deren sicherheitstechnischer Beherrschung in Europa und vor allem im fruheren Kernforschungszentrum und der Universitat Karlsruhe erzielt wurden. Diese Forschungsergebnisse haben Auswirkungen auf die Sicherheit bestehender Druck- und Siedewasserreaktoren in Deutschland. Sie sind aber vor allem in das Sicherheitskonzept der neuen europaischen Druck- und Siedewasserreaktoren (EPR und KERENA) eingeflossen. Das Buch wendet sich an Ingenieure im Bereich Kerntechnik, aber auch an interessierte Laien.

Economists examine the genesis of technological change and the ways we commercialize and diffuse it. The economics of property rights and patents, in addition to industry applications, are also surveyed through literature reviews and predictions about fruitful research directions.

- Two volumes, available as a set or sold separately

Expert articles consider the best ways to establish optimal incentives in technological progress

Science and innovation, both their theories and applications, are examined at the intersections of the marketplace, policy, and social welfare.

Economists are only part of an audience that includes attorneys, educators, and anyone involved in new technologies.

Hollywood and Silicon Valley have long been uncomfortable bedfellows. Out of fear of pirating and lost profits, entertainment companies have historically resisted technological changes. Conversely, high-tech companies, more concerned with technological progress, have largely ignored the needs of the entertainment industry. Nevertheless, those products that we now take for granted, such as DVDs, MP3 players, and the Internet, are all due to the synergy of technology and entertainment. The switch to digital and web formats for entertainment represents huge potential market opportunities for both Hollywood and Silicon Valley. It has opened up new possibilities for entertainment and expanded the way content is created, distributed and consumed. Consider the phenomenon of YouTube and its wildly popular user-created content, or the ability to download movies and TV shows from sites such as iTunes and watch them on your iPod or computer, anytime and anywhere. The dual forces of consumer demand and rapidly changing content distribution are combining in new ways to create changes that will strike at the very foundations of the entertainment and technology industries. Depending upon how entertainment and technology companies respond, these changes can help them prosper or put them out of business. Media companies will have to become more like technology companies; and technology companies will need to change too. Because content creation, distribution and consumption are ever more tightly linked, Hollywood will need to understand what's happening in Silicon Valley and vice versa; changes in one industry will reverberate through the other. Some companies such as AOL and Time Warner have tried and failed (at least so far) to harness these forces, while a few companies such as Disney, Intel, and Google have recently taken the initial steps. But many more companies wait, afraid to change but knowing they cannot conduct business as usual. With an insider's knowledge, researcher and consultant, Philip Meza insightfully clarifies what managers and investors in media and technology companies will need to do in order to successfully navigate today's tricky environment. Coming Attractions? Hollywood, High Tech, and the Future of Entertainment discusses the history of the key forces driving the relationship between entertainment and technology today and into the future.

How do high wage countries stay rich in a global digital economy? How Revolutionary was the Digital Revolution constructs a framework for analyzing the international digital era: one that examines the ability of political actors to innovate and experiment in spite of, or perhaps because of, the constraints posed by digital technology. In order to assess the revolutionary nature of the digital era, this book takes four overlapping approaches. First, it examines the reaction of nations, specifically Finland, Japan, and emerging markets, to the dual challenges of globalization and technological change. This section identifies both successful and failed national experiments intended to deal with these dual pressures. Second, it assesses corporate attempts to leverage digital technology to reorganize work. A broad range of issues including off-shoring, open source production systems, and knowledge management are addressed. Third, devoting detailed analysis to the case of mobile telephones, the book offers insights into the political economy of market evolution in the digital era. The final section considers the political ramifications of information technology for critical societal debates ranging from privacy to intellectual property. The contributors to the book map out how the digital revolution shakes up politics, creating new economic and political winners and losers. In order to do so, they connect theories of political economy to the implications of digital technology for international as well as national markets.

Technical innovations and organizational innovations are of major importance for the competitive performance of firms and of nations and for the long term growth of the world economy. This area of economics has been subjected to an explosion of theoretical and empirical research during the last 30 years by economists in the United States and more recently their colleagues in Europe and Japan. This volume focuses attention on the most significant advances both in theoretical and empirical work published in leading journals of economics as well as in journals dealing with policies for science and technology. It covers all the major developments including evolutionary theory, strategies of firms, path dependency, diffusion of innovations and paradigm change.

Over the last 30 years the internet has changed almost every moment of our daily lives, from how we communicate, how we travel, to how we find things. The next generation of the internet, called web3, will completely disrupt how we come together to create products & services, entertainment, financial services, our economies and even governance structures. This book will help you understand a history of where we've come from and map out what the future may bring by covering how the Supply-side Revolution works and how it's going to disrupt business, media, talent, capital and operations. As a business leader you need to prepare for this change. It will help you understand that no industry is immune to the impact of web3 and how to predict what's coming with web4. If your business is to prosper in this new economy it has to start working alongside web3 in an on-chain/off-chain hybrid. Business-as-usual will not disappear overnight but web3 has already created a multi-billion-dollar alternative economy. Business leaders can either ignore it, fight it or figure out how to integrate with it. As an individual, whether an entrepreneur, creative, product builder or operational talent, this book will support you in future-proofing your career, ensuring you are developing the right skills and strategy for a web3 future.

Die nach Inhalt, Methode und sozialer Relevanz durchgreifenden Umwalzungen in Mathematik, Astronomie, Physik, Chemie, Biologie und Geographie sowie in Naturphilosophie und wissenschaftlichen Organisationsformen wahrend des 16./17. und des beginnenden 18. Jahrhunderts werden in der Historiographie der Wissenschaften mit dem Sammelbegriff Wissenschaftliche Revolution schlechthin bezeichnet. Der Autor beschreibt in seinem Buch markante Hohepunkte jenes Prozesses, auf denen ganz wesentlich unsere heutige Wissenschaft gegrundet ist. Um die geistigen Wendungen und die Personlichkeiten hervortreten zu lassen, wurde grosser Wert auf authentische Ausserungen jener Wissenschaftler gelegt."

Elgar Research Agendas outline the future of research in a given area. Leading scholars are given the space to explore their subject in provocative ways, and map out the potential directions of travel. They are relevant but also visionary. Within the span of a generation, innovation and entrepreneurship have emerged as two of the most vital forces in the economy and in society. This Research Agenda highlights new insights and approaches to guide future thinking, research and policy in the area. To accomplish this, the editors have brought together a group of accomplished scholars spanning economics, management, public policy and finance. Drawing on the experiences and insights of leading scholars this Research Agenda covers a broad array of rich and promising topics, including entrepreneurial ecosystems, finance and the role of universities. Focusing on the intersection and overlap between the two disciplines, the Research Agenda begins by establishing the theoretical basis between the two topics, before exploring impact, context, academic entrepreneurship, start-ups, policy and corporate governance. The book concludes with three provocative chapters: Friederike Welter highlighting the power of words and images, Sameeksha Desai discussing the role of artificial intelligence and Mark Casson presenting a case for radical change to how entrepreneurship is studied. Presenting the most salient findings and themes in current literature, A Research Agenda for Entrepreneurship and Innovation is essential for researchers in innovation, as well as policy makers at both the local and national levels influenced by the increasing importance of entrepreneurship and innovation.

This volume reviews the latest research on using genetically engineered plants and plant viruses to produce new products for medicine and industry. Individual chapters cover the three main technologies for engineering plants: Agrobacterium-mediated transformation; particle bombardment transformation; and plant viral vectors. Additional chapters deal with strategies for producing medically important products such as vaccines, human enzymes, monoclonal antibodies, and other therapeutic proteins in plants. In addition to presenting up-to-date reviews of current research efforts, the book also contains some thoughtful discussions on the potential benefits and risks involved in producing pharmaceuticals in plants and the challenges of bringing such products to market.

Technology-based firms contribute to dynamic competition, ensure product variety, close market gaps and promote job creation. Their development is impeded by a difficult access to capital, high R&D costs and management deficits. The book analyses their chances and risks in the innovation process. Topics deal with the management of technology-based firms, different aspects on their financing, the spectrum of public promotion programmes and the venture capital market in Germany. Finally, the book centres on regional technology and economic promotion and the creation of regional networks for technology-based firms. The reader documents research of Fraunhofer-ISI on technology-based firms and their environment and aims at a better understanding of specific chances and risks in the development process of such firms.

Beyond real GDP, innovative capacity is an important indicator of the economic strength of a nation. By studying innovative capacity and other indicators of success in innovation across the Group-of-Seven (G7) Countries, the East Asian Newly Industrialised Economies (EANIEs) and Mainland China, this book will systematically establish a positive relationship between innovation outputs and inputs of different economies. In doing so, it seeks to answer the question - are there laws of innovation? It seeks to identify the determinants of innovation at the economy-wide level, ascertain whether these determinants are similar across different economies, and find suitable metrics for comparing relative success in innovation across different economies. It concludes that innovation, rather than being a stroke of good fortune, comes from research and development activities conducted over a long period of time, and sheds light on future trends and areas for further research.

This book, based on the Fourth International Conference on Advanced Manufacturing Systems and Technology - AMST '96 aims at presenting trend and up-to-date information on the latest developments - research results and industrial experience in the field of machining processes, optimization and process planning, forming, flexible machining systems, non conventional machining, robotics and control, measuring and quality, thus providing an international forum for a beneficial exchange of ideas, and furthering a favourable cooperation between research and industry.

This is a collection of papers on industrial policy - the role of governments in promoting industrial development - and the particular significance of technology development. Two essays deal with the general debate on industrial policy and the nature of technology development; two are critical appraisals of the World Bank's approach to the debate on governments and markets; four are case studies of policy making on aspects of industrialisation, three in Asia and one in Africa.

The twenty-fifth anniversary of the Institute for Regional Research (Institut for Regionalforschung) was celebrated by an international conference on "Regional Growth and Regional Policy within the Framework of European Integration". We are happy to be able to present the outcome of that conference in this volume. Its authors reflect the Institute's international character. Their contributions char- acterize main fields of interest of the Institute's research staff. The Institute for Regional Research is an establishment of the Economic and So- cial Science Faculty (Wirtschafts-und Sozialwissenschaftliche Fakultiit) at Chris- tian-Albrechts-University in Kiel, one of the faculty's four institutes of economics. It began as an initiative of Reimut 10chimsen. He wanted to upgrade regional re- search and planning at the university because at the faculty level this field was only a minor province. As further justification for the foundation of an institute, 10chimsen referred to the growing international and national significance of re- gional research and especially of regional structural policy. The need for an auto- nomous institute in the north of Germany was emphasized above all, particularly since regional science in the Federal Republic of Germany in the late sixties was largely limited to the universities in Freiburg, Karlsruhe and MOnster.

A more detailed understanding of the interaction between science and technology is necessary in order to develop appropriate tools for future R&D management and technology policy. The first part of this book describes the structure of the science/technology interface and analyses the role of science for the generation of new technologies and respective institutional problems. The second part examines the challenges to R&D management and appropriate management tools from the perspective of industrial enterprises. Part III documents the results of two field studies in the science-intensive areas of medical lasers and neural networks. The major aim of the book is to bring together the variety of different approaches from an academic and industrial perspective.

Giovanni Galizzi and Luciano Venturini The food industry has been characterized by several and profound changes in its structure and competitive environment in the last decades. Although it is not a research-oriented industry, there is no arguing that technological change and particularly product innovations are crucial determinants of ftrms' performance and In recent years food manufacturers have accelerated the consumers' welfare. development of new products, by using new ingredients, processing and packaging techniques. Thus, food markets are increasingly characterized by competitive environments where relevant flows of innovative products, quality improvements and new technologies provide new consumption trends, food habits, market opportunities and ftrms' strategies. However, the issue of product innovation in the food industries has been rather neglected by economists. Few works have explicitly addressed this issue. After the pioneering book of Buzzell and Nourse (1967), one can count few contributes. Connor (1981) examined the empirical determinants of new food products introductions. Padberg and Westgren (1979) provided crucial insights about the nature of food innovation through their notions of consumer inertia, technological redundancy and incremental product innovation. Some case-studies provide useful empirical materials, but they are generally sparse.