As the global population lives to an increasing older age, there is a need to research, develop and deliver appropriate anaesthesia and pain management care to these increasingly frail and vulnerable patients. This book provides a comprehensive and detailed overview of all aspects of anaesthesia for the elderly patient looking at the effect of ageing on the systems of the body and the role that age has on drug mechanisms. Designed for both consultants and trainees who care for elderly patients, chapters address the clinical management of the older patient in pain, trauma, intensive care as well as anaesthesia for all aspects of surgery. The expert author team use their experience to provide a practical and stimulating book which informs everyday clinical activity and explores the unanswered questions which face anaesthetists in this changing patient population. This book will give all consultants and trainees a thorough grounding in this growing and demanding area of anaesthetic practice.

The fully revised, third edition of this bestselling handbook describes best practice of critical care in a succint, concise, and clinically-oriented way. Covering the principles of general management, it includes therapeutic and monitoring devices, specific disorders of organ systems, as well as detailed information on drugs and fluids. New material has been added on key areas such as airway maintenance, dressing techniques, infection control, echocardiography, tissue perfusion monitoring, coma and more. With up-to-date references and invaluable clinical advice, there is also plenty of space to add notes or amend sections to suit local protocols.
Patient-centered and practical, it will serve the consultant, trainee, nurse or other allied health professionals as both a reference and aide memoir. This is the indispensable Oxford Handbook for all those working within critical care.

This book provides easy consultation and guidance for an appropriate understanding and management of endotoxic shock. Endotoxic shock results from a severe, generalized inflammatory response induced by bloodstream infection with gram-negative bacteria. However, endotoxin-induced inflammatory activation may be disconnected by Gram-Negative threats (e.g. Gram-Positive and yeast infections) as well as occur in multiple clinical scenarios like post-cardiac arrest syndrome and trauma, possibly due to gut barrier dysfunction and consequent endotoxin translocation. The clinical management is structured focusing and dedicating a chapter for antibiotics, corticosteroids, volume support, vasoactive and cardiostimulating drug, coagulopathy and nutritional support. In addition, this book is remarkable because describing polymixin b hemoperfusion points out molecular interactions, and hydrodynamics of Sorption. Each section includes *) brief pathophysiology; *) principles of management; *) key messages. Readers can find updated tips related to the diagnosis and management of endotoxic shock with a multidisciplinary approach drawing a pathway from endotoxin structure and source and the related pathophysiology of endotoxic shock underling the specific clinical aspect and focusing on medical clinical management of endotoxemia and extracorporeal removal. The book - written by international opinion leaders of this field - is addressed to healthcare providers working in intensive care and represents a point of reference for intensivists, infectious disease physicians, nephrologists and critical care nurses involved in the management of endotoxic shock and enriched with useful downloadable material.

Careful monitoring of at-risk patients, early intervention, and timely escalation to the critical care unit from a general ward has been shown to improve patient clinical outcomes. The first text of its kind in this important area, Rapid Response Events in the Critically Ill: A Case-Based Approach to Inpatient Medical Emergencies is designed to help you recognize the fundamental signs of deterioration in patients on medical wards and ensure that transfer is made to the ICU before the development of adverse clinical outcomes. Using a highly effective teaching approach preferred by both residents and fellows, this innovative text links theory to practice with a brief review of clinical cases sourced from various academic centers. Presents 62 real-world clinical cases that demonstrate the principles of diagnosis and therapy, helping you develop a thorough understanding of how to diagnose and treat each condition. Provides practical clinical insights into the best methods to improve patient safety and quality of care through the rapid identification and clinical intervention of hospitalized patients suffering acute deterioration. Emphasizes how to identify and manage problems in a way that integrates theory and clinical experience. Cases contain an algorithmic flow chart for rapid decision-making reference, clinical pearls on diagnosis and management, and a consistent format for quick and easy access to key information. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

In this issue of Emergency Medicine linics, guest editors Drs. Haney Mallemat and Terren Trott bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Respiratory and Airway Emergencies. Respiratory emergencies may range from "shortness of breath," or dyspnea, to complete respiratory arrest, or apnea, in which the patient is no longer breathing. In this issue, top experts in the field address topics such as pulmonary hypertension; COPD and asthma; pulmonary embolism; special procedures; procedures for the challenging airway; physiologically difficult intubation; and more. Contains 13 relevant, practice-oriented topics including intubating special populations; ARDS; basic modes of ventilation; advanced modes of ventilation (APRV); infectious pulmonary disease; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on respiratory and airway emergencies, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

This book provides healthcare professionals in Critical Care setting an easy consultation guide to fight against COVID-19. The book is divided into sections: Fundamentals of COVID-19, Pneumological critical care, Neurological manifestations, Cardiovascular manifestations, Renal manifestations, Haemostasis and coagulation, Other multi-organs involvement, Principles of therapy. Each section includes: * brief pathophysiology of COVID-19 (ventilation, neurological, cardiovascular, etc.); * principles of management (enriched with flowcharts and figures); * principles of therapy; * tips and key messages. Readers can find the most updated advices on how to face the ongoing pandemic: from principles of conventional oxygen therapy, assisted and invasive mechanical ventilation in critically ill COVID-19 patients to the complications sometimes underestimated. Tables and flowcharts provided are based on current knowledge in COVID-19 to help the clinician managing COVID-19 patients by a multiple-organs prospective. Written by international key opinion leaders of each field, the book represents a point of reference for all professionals involved in the management of COVID-19 pandemic.

This book aims to give a comprehensive overview of the current challenges and solution posed to the health care professionals who need to use mechanical ventilation to treat their patients.Mechanical ventilation is a cornerstone of the treatment of critically ill patients, as also dramatically underlined by the recent COVID-19 pandemic. The topic is not simple to approach, since it requires integration of multiple data which, in turn, result from complex interplays between patient's condition and ventilatory settings. While technological development empowered advanced monitoring and decision support, these also increase the burden of data on the practitioners. Furthermore, considering that sometimes mechanical ventilation is seen under two, apparently opposite, approaches, "physiology vs. protocols", the book aims to reconcile these two aspects. And this has been done by each author following the above trajectory in their chapters. The exposure of the topic begins from the "pathophysiology" (i.e. the "physiology of the disease") so that the reader can better understand the concept and rationale of any given approach. At the same time, any rationale or hypothesis (for as much as supported by physiology) must hold at the proof of clinical research and evidence, which is summarized in each chapter. In summary, the purposes is that the readers understand not only which is the best clinical practice to adopt but also why and which mechanisms this is based upon and how to approach a novel issue they might encounter. The book - addressed to physicians, nurses and respiratory therapist - features chapters on "novel" or "hot" topics like, obviously, COVID-19, ECMO, but also MV in low resource setting.

This book focuses on the placement of vascular access devices under emergent conditions, including the techniques and devices needed to achieve successful device deployment in even the most critically-ill patient. Up-to-date references and evidence for best practices are provided, informing both the novice and experienced healthcare provider. Each chapter is meticulously researched, including individual chapters focusing upon peripheral intravenous, intraosseous, central venous, and ultrasound-guided catheter placement. Device selection and emergent decision-making are discussed at length, including such crucial determinants as infusion flow rates, device limitations, issues with medication incompatibility, complications of line placement, and the relative indications and contraindications associated with various vascular access approaches. Emergent Vascular Access is an essential resource for any healthcare provider who places or manages vascular access devices in critically-ill patients, including emergency and ICU physicians, residents, rapid response providers, EMS paramedics, patient care technicians, medical students, and nurses.

This book offers an overview of acute care surgery around the world, focusing on the four main branches of this novel subdiscipline: trauma, general emergencies, critical care, and rescue surgery. The book’s primary goal is to provide a general view of acute care surgery, while addressing the most important issues in depth. The content is divided into three parts, the first of which is dedicated to the general organization of trauma centers, including the composition of modern trauma teams. Protocols of activation and action for the trauma team, as well as damage control procedures both in the emergency room and in the surgical theatre, are described. The book also addresses the development of a trauma registry, together with the quality assessment process that can be applied. In turn, the second part describes the principal protocols for making diagnoses, with special attention to circumstances such as unstable hemodynamics, neurological deterioration, normal vital signs, and penetrating injuries. The book subsequently deals with the most important aspects of trauma to the abdomen, chest, and pelvis, with notes on both surgical and intensive care issues. Practical descriptions of how to treat principal injuries to various organs are also provided. Finally, the third part of the book is dedicated to the most frequent general surgical emergencies and rescue surgical approaches, and includes information on diagnostic support with point of care ultrasound and endoscopic advanced techniques. Presenting cutting-edge strategies, this book will be of interest to professionals involved in surgical and intensive care for emergency conditions, such as colonic perforations, obstructions, acute pancreatitis, biliary tree stones, and caustic injuries.

This book offers valuable guidance to neurointensivists, other neurocritical care staff, and those desiring to develop a neurocritical care unit via a thorough discussion of neurological emergencies and neurocritical care unit organization. This comprehensive volume begins with a review of acute neurological emergencies as managed clinically in the neurocritical care unit. Topics include acute cerebrovascular, neurological, and neurosurgical disorders. The unique aspect of this book is its description of the organization of the neurocritical care unit. We focus on how other services in the hospital interact with and assist neurocritical care operations, telemedicine/telestroke, and neurocritical care personnel and their roles. A review of expected outcomes of neurocritical care conditions is also included. Neurointensivists, neurocritical care unit staff leadership, hospital administrators, and those interested in developing a neurocritical care unit will find Neurointensive Care Unit: Clinical Practice and Organization to be an invaluable guide.

This book focuses on the technical, cognitive, and behavioral skills needed to implement an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) simulation program. It describes these programs on the individual, team, and hospital system level, and includes the history of ECMO simulation, its evolution to its current state, and future directions of technology and science related to ECMO simulation. Divided into six sections, chapters describe both the theoretical as well as the practical aspects of ECMO simulation, including a pictorial guide to setting up an ECMO simulation circuit and how to recreate ECMO emergencies. It is a pragmatic guide that emphasizes the necessary practical items and discussions necessary to plan, set-up, orchestrate, and debrief ECMO simulations for different types of learners in different Comprehensive Healthcare Simulation: ECMO Simulation - A Theoretical and Practical Guide is part of the Comprehensive Healthcare Simulation Series, and this book is intended for educators, simulation technologists, and providers involved in ECMO programs who recognize the value of simulation to improve ECMO outcomes.