The Zoological Guide to Crustacea opens by providing an update on the cave crustacean decapods from Mexico, because in the last thirty years several species have been described. Mexico has diverse cave environments according to cave origin, such as: karstic caves, volcano caves with freshwater habitats and anchialine caves with marine and brackish habitats. The following study focuses on a total of 2,700 Artemia franciscana collected at the Al Wathba Reserve between December 2017 and May 2018, which were examined for the presence of larval helminths by direct microscopy of glycerin mounted specimens. Of these, 341 (= 12.6%) specimens contained different species of the Hymenopepididae and Progynotaeniidae families. The penultimate study investigates whether the non-marine ostracod Heterocypris incongruens can detect and react to chemical compounds derived from a predator and from injured conspecifics. The closing study demonstrates the diversity of larval phases and their importance to lobster populations and fisheries, and provides a summary of larval developmental patterns and behaviors and their potential impacts on larval dispersal and lobster demographic connectivity.

Advances in Marine Biology. Volume 3 begins by focusing on some novel compounds having antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and other bioactive properties identified and isolated from marine sponges, which could serve as leads for drug discovery. The authors also discuss the factors that contribute to new discoveries and the challenges associated with translating marine sponge-derived compounds into clinical trials. The advances that may further expand the promise of drug discovery from marine sponges are also examined. Following this, the authors present current information about Hox-genes in polychaetes and make some cautious assumptions about the ancestral functions of the Hox-cluster. The basic plane and evolution of bilateral animals (Bilateria) are closely associated with Hox-genes. These genes usually exist in the genome in the form of the aforementioned clusters, gene complexes with a conservative position of individual genes inside them. Marine biotoxins are examined, specifically their correlation with of harmful algal blooms (HABs) which can accumulate in seafood products. This can have severe consequences on both the fishery industry and consumer health, as most marine biotoxins are not destroyed by food technologies like freezing or cooking, and their presence cannot be perceived because they give no specific taste, flavor or smell to food. The subsequent article contains a study on adaptation to environmental salinity alterations in the White Sea mussel Mytilus edulis, with its research having been conducted for several years and involving both long-term acclimation and exposure to stress salinity. A series of experiments were conducted in order to deduce the mussels capacity to adapt to environmental salinity changes, especially in terms of cell and molecular mechanisms of salinity adaptation. This compilation also presents a preliminary work within a large scale research program on H. diversicolor in different estuaries with the PNETOX Program National Program of Ecotoxicology. In the framework of the French National Program of Ecotoxicology, environmental quality was assessed in the multi-polluted Seine Estuary and the comparatively clean Authie Estuary, France (2002-2004), by determining contaminant levels in water, sediments and the infaunal worm H. diversicolor. The experiments were carried out concurrently in spring 2007 using a common protocol.

The deep ocean is by far the planet's largest biome and holds a wealth of potential natural assets. Human exploitation of the deep ocean is rapidly increasing whilst becoming more visible to many through the popular media, particularly film and television. The scientific literature of deep-sea exploitation and its effects has also rapidly expanded as a direct function of this increased national and global interest in exploitation of deep-sea resources, both biological (e.g. fisheries, genetic resources) and non-biological (e.g. minerals, oil, gas, methane hydrate). At the same time there is a growing interest in deep-sea contamination (including plastics), with many such studies featured in high profile scientific journals and covered by global media outlets. However, there is currently no comprehensive integration of this information in any form and these topics are only superficially covered in classic textbooks on deep-sea biology. This concise and accessible work provides an understanding of the relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, both at the seafloor and in the water column, and how these might be affected as a result of human interaction, exploitation and, ultimately, environmental change. It follows a logical progression from geological and physical processes, ecology, biology, and biogeography, to exploitation, management, and conservation. Natural Capital and Exploitation of the Deep Ocean is aimed at marine biologists and ecologists, oceanographers, fisheries scientists and managers, fish biologists, environmental scientists, and conservation biologists. It will also be of relevance and use to a multi-disciplinary audience of fish and wildlife agencies, NGOs, and government departments involved in deep-sea conservation and management.

This is a contribution to the conservation of members of the family Cambaridae. This book is focused on the evaluation of geographic changes caused by landscape scale and land use change that has impacted the ecology of North American crayfish species. The book includes chapters on geographic distributions, conservation strategies, and effects of contaminants on crayfish structure and function. Contributors include a variety of students associated with the Editor, as well as original contributions from the Editor's colleagues. From the conceptual frameworks to the case studies, Geographic Distribution, Ecological Impact, and Conservation Strategies for North American Crayfish will provide important considerations to assist in the conservation and protection of crayfish, with emphasis on stressors and actions necessary to protect and restore crayfish habitats and populations. This book is necessary for environmental and natural resource managers, researchers, and governmental agencies tasked with the protection, restoration, and management of wildlife populations.

Aquatic invasive species -- harmful, non-native plants, animals, and microorganisms living in aquatic habitats -- damage ecosystems or threaten commercial, agricultural, and recreational activities. The Nonindigenous Aquatic Nuisance Prevention and Control Act of 1990 created the Task Force and required it to develop an aquatic nuisance species program. The Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014 includes a provision that the United States Government Accountability Office (GAO) assess federal costs of, and spending on, aquatic invasive species. This book examines how much Task Force member agencies expended addressing aquatic invasive species for fiscal years 2012-2014; activities conducted by Task Force member agencies and challenges in addressing aquatic invasive species; and the extent to which the Task Force has measured progress in achieving the goals of its 2013-2017 strategic plan.

This book provides current research on the ecosystems of coral reefs, as well as the environmental impact and current threats to the coral reefs. Chapter One studies proteins responsive to variable temperature exposure in the reef-building coral Seriatopora hystrix. Chapters Two and Three examine the impact of arachidonic acid's (ArA) on coral reefs. The final chapter discusses environmental monitoring in the Gulf of Thailand, and the use of coral skeletons as metal pollution recorders.

The fishery products and bivalve mollusks sector is certainly one of the most complex in term of sanitary and commercial topics, considering the high number of species that require a precise identification. For all these reasons, the knowledge and the skills in this field remain prerogative of a few experts on the subject and operators who, in time and for various reasons, have acquired specific knowledge and skills. On the other hand, the evolution of community legislation, and especially the growing worldwide interest for fishery products and bivalve mollusks, requires a common system of traceability and labeling aimed at increasing the transparency in commercial transactions, facilitating the identification of the fish and mollusks species and increasing consumer confidence. In this perspective, the proposed publication stands as an easy reference tool intended for all the stakeholders involved in the Mediterranean seafood chain, and in which some essential elements of the community rules relating to inspection and control of fishery products and bivalve mollusks are revealed. The presence of illustrations will represent a quick and easy way to acquire the essential information to identify the main Mediterranean fishery products and bivalve mollusks of commercial interest.

This current book discusses the formation, distribution and environmental impacts of marine sediments. The first chapter describes the isolation, taxonomic approach, diversity, secondary metabolites and activities of actinobacteria. Chapter Two aims at the verification of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) usability as a textural indicator of rocks, with special emphasis on origin of fluid pathway within tight turbidite sandstones burying a foreland basin. The final chapter reviews aluminum impact on the growth of benthic diatom.

In areas where toxic algal blooms occur, the main affected organisms are shellfish, which, because of their high levels of filtration (clearance rate), accumulate high concentrations of nutrients and toxic phytoplankton in their visceral tissue. This accumulation of toxins in shellfish leads to a distribution of these toxins to their different non-visceral tissues. Chapter One of Marine Toxins: Detection Methods, Chemical and Biological Aspects and Health Effects discusses the detection and quantification of lipophilic marine biotoxins by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry from endemic species and gastropods. Chapter Two present studies which use the similarity analysis of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins (PSP-toxins) profile patterns to analyse epidemiological linkage of a group of toxins contaminated bivalves collected between years 2004 and 2015. Chapter Three provide an overview of the current status of biomarker use in the assessment of the effects of marine toxins on bivalve mollusks. Chapter Four reviews the latest research on the biological and clinical effects of caulerpenyne.

Marine sediments dominate the global seabed, creating the largest ecosystem on earth. Seafloor biodiversity is a key mediator of ecosystem functioning, yet critical processes are often excluded from global biogeochemical budgets or simplified to black boxes in ecosystem models. This accessible textbook provides an ideal point of entry into the field, providing basic information on the nature of soft-sediment ecosystems, examples of how and why we research them, the new questions these studies inspire, and the applications that ultimately benefit society. While focussing on coastal habitats (<200m depth) to emphasize process-based experimental studies, it is relevant to the full range of marine sedimentary habitats. The authors describe the interactions between marine organisms and their physical and chemical environment, demonstrating the need for carefully designed research programs and providing the basic steps required to formulate sound ecological questions before applying them to empirical studies of real-world ecosystems. The book reveals the connections between different system components and drivers of change, examining how we can develop knowledge on the biodiversity and functioning of soft sediments and apply it to a better understanding of ecosystem change, human impacts, and effective restoration. Ecology of Coastal Marine Sediments is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students who have completed a general ecology course but received no further training in marine science. It will also be useful to both professional researchers and resource managers in marine ecology and environmental science who seek a compact and authoritative introduction to sediment ecology.

A thrilling tour of the sea's most extreme species, coauthored by one of the world's leading marine scientists The ocean teems with life that thrives under difficult situations in unusual environments. The Extreme Life of the Sea takes readers to the absolute limits of the ocean world-the fastest and deepest, the hottest and oldest creatures of the oceans. It dives into the icy Arctic and boiling hydrothermal vents-and exposes the eternal darkness of the deepest undersea trenches-to show how marine life thrives against the odds. This thrilling book brings to life the sea's most extreme species, and tells their stories as characters in the drama of the oceans. Coauthored by Stephen Palumbi, one of today's leading marine scientists, The Extreme Life of the Sea tells the unforgettable tales of some of the most marvelous life forms on Earth, and the challenges they overcome to survive. Modern science and a fluid narrative style give every reader a deep look at the lives of these species. The Extreme Life of the Sea shows you the world's oldest living species. It describes how flying fish strain to escape their predators, how predatory deep-sea fish use red searchlights only they can see to find and attack food, and how, at the end of her life, a mother octopus dedicates herself to raising her batch of young. This wide-ranging and highly accessible book also shows how ocean adaptations can inspire innovative commercial products-such as fan blades modeled on the flippers of humpback whales-and how future extremes created by human changes to the oceans might push some of these amazing species over the edge.

Marine dinoflagellates, one of the most important components in phytoplankton are receiving much attention owing to their toxicity. They are responsible for causing toxic blooms and associated poisonings such as Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP), Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP), Azaspiracid shellfish poisoning (ASP) and Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) in humans all over the world. However, recent research has shown that such toxins could be of great use therapeutically. Aspects such as the identification of dinoflagellate species; harmful dinoflagelllate blooms and associated poisonings as well as their bioluminescence and biotechnological applications have been dealt with in detail. A comprehensive book on marine dinoflagellates is hitherto wanted and needed, and it is hoped that the present publication would cater to the needs of students of life science disciplines in general and marine biology and fisheries science disciplines in particular.

This book provides a comprehensive review of some predominant environmental risks that marine fish cage aquaculture poses in the marine environment and designs and practices now in use to address these environmental risks in the U.S. and elsewhere. The book includes a critical review of the large body of scientific work published since 2000 on the environmental impacts of marine finfish aquaculture around the world. The purpose of this book is to provide a basic set of guidelines for risk managers and other decision makers to use all information available to assess the different ecological risks of marine fish aquaculture in a variety of marine ecosystems.

Marine Mammal Observer and Passive Acoustic Monitoring Handbook is the ultimate instruction manual for mitigation measures to minimise man-made acoustical and physical disturbances to marine mammals from industrial and defence activities. Based on more than two decades of offshore experience, and a decade of supplying MMO and PAM services (commercial and scientific), the Handbook is a long-overdue reference guide that seeks to improve standards worldwide for marine operations such as seismic and drilling exploration, wind farm and civil engineering piling, dredging, trenching, rock-dumping, hydrographical surveys, and military/defence exercises. By popular request, this manual will also form an accompaniment to MMO and PAM courses. The Handbook consolidates all aspects of this discipline into one easily accessible resource, to educate all stakeholders (e.g. MMOs, PAM operators, suppliers, recruitment agencies, clients, contractors, regulators, NGOs, consultants, scientists, academia and media), regardless of experience. Topics include worldwide legislation, compliance, anthropogenic noise sources and potential effects, training, offshore life, visual and acoustic monitoring (theory and practice), marine mammal distribution, hearing and vocalisations, and report writing. Advice is provided on implementing sensible and practical mitigation techniques, appropriate technologies, data collection, client and regulator liaison, and project kick-off meetings. "The Handbook is an indispensable How To guide to the growing and increasingly important occupation of marine mammal monitoring, written with clarity and humor by scientists who have extensive experience in this field." -Dr Phillip J. Clapham, world-renowned cetologist and Director of the Cetacean Assessment and Ecology Program at the National Marine Mammal Laboratory in Seattle.

Marine Bioenergy: Trends and Developments features the latest findings of leading scientists from around the world. Addressing the key aspects of marine bioenergy, this state-of-the-art text: Offers an introduction to marine bioenergy Explores marine algae as a source of bioenergy Describes biotechnological techniques for biofuel production Explains the production of bioenergy, including bioethanol, biomethane, biomethanol, biohydrogen, and biodiesel Covers bioelectricity and marine microbial fuel cell (MFC) production from marine algae and microbes Discusses marine waste for bioenergy Considers commercialization and the global market Marine Bioenergy: Trends and Developments provides a valuable springboard for marine bioenergy research and development, making the book a must-have reference for scientists, engineers, and students.

Fish and seafood are widely available foods that provide important nutrients to consumers. Research conducted over the past few years suggests that there are health benefits associated with fish and seafood consumption, including for the cardiovascular and visual systems. It was also reported that such a diet increases protection in infants against arthritis or cancer. Although regular seafood consumption has been linked to health benefits for the general population, contaminants that may be present in seafood could pose a risk to humans. There are a number of contaminants that may be associated with seafood, including chemicals, metals, toxins and other substances as well as potentially harmful microbes. Most seafood contains detectable levels of contaminants because these are a part of the environment and food chain. This book discusses shellfish in more detail, including the purification process of bivalve shellfish; shellfish toxins; phycotoxins and heavy metals in shellfish; and shellfish sensitivity.

Crustaceans, such as crabs, provide a high quality protein and omega 3 fatty acids that provide potential health benefits. Crabs have commercial importance worldwide constituting one of the main fishing resources. For this reason, in the last 30 years, Crab aquaculture has been identified as an emerging aquaculture sector with significant potential. In conjunction with the growth of these industries, there was an increase in the study of the diseases. This book discusses the diseases and factors that cause diseases in crabs. It also discusses population ecology of mangrove crabs in Brazil; behavioural repertoire and substrate choice of the freshwater crabs; intracohort cannibalism of the mud crab; biodiversity of Venezuelan brachyuran crabs; alien crabs in the Mediterranean Sea; and the evolution of mangrove crabs distribution in the Atlantic coast of Cameroon.

For thousands of years dolphins have been man's best friend in the sea. Their brain power, sociability, communication ability and altruism have been the issue of reference for myths, tales and several scientific or experimental studies. They have also inspired people to create several works of art from the ancient times until today. Ancient Greeks called dolphins "people of the sea" and considered them equal to human beings. This book discusses several topics on different species of dolphins, their natural habitat, behaviours, and conservation strategies. Some of the topics included are behaviours of botos and short-finned pilot whales; isolation of yeasts from stranded and captive dolphins in Italy; ecological stressors of the coastal bottlenose dolphin; and dolphin-assisted therapy.

This book aims to report possible applications of seaweeds in agriculture as well as the composing ingredients of nutritional value and therapeutic properties against oxidative stress. The information set provided in this book comes from very recent scientific results obtained by research groups of several countries. This information set is useful not solely for the academic community (undergraduate or graduate students, staff and faculty personnel), but also to those individuals involved somewhat with the agricultural, commercial and medical business of seaweeds. The contributing authors are renowned scientific leaders in the field. This feature associated with the new type of information provided in this book contributes significantly to the high-quality of this publication.

Copepods are among the most abundant multi-celled organisms on Earth and can literally be found everywhere there is (even not so much) water. This very diverse group of small (typically in the 1-10 mm range) crustaceans -- known for more than two millennia -- exhibit a range of free living forms, either in the open water or in various types of sediments. They are also often found as both internal and external parasites of most phyla of animals in water. Copepods also play a fundamental ecological role in the open waters of lakes, rivers, estuaries and oceans. They are the classical herbivorous link between the primary production of phytoplankton and the larvae and juveniles of fishes -- hence ultimately whales and fisheries -- in most pelagic ecosystems. In oligotrophic waters, copepods also play an essential role in transferring (i) the organic carbon released by phytoplankton (ie: up to 50% of the carbon fixed through photosynthesis) and subsequently assimilated by heterotrophic bacteria, and (ii) the inorganic carbon fixed by prokaryotic and eukaryotic picoplankton (ie: up to 70 % of the carbon fixation in oligotrophic systems) towards higher trophic levels through copepod grazing on microzooplankton (ie: heterotrophic flagellates and ciliated protozoans).

The third edition of this bestselling text has been rigorously updated to reflect major new discoveries and concepts since 2011, especially progress due to extensive application of high-throughput sequencing, single cell genomics and analysis of large datasets. Significant advances in understanding the diversity and evolution of bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists, and viruses are discussed and their importance in marine processes is explored in detail. Now in full colour throughout, all chapters have been significantly expanded, with many new diagrams, illustrations and boxes to aid students' interest and understanding. Novel pedagogy is designed to encourage students to explore current high-profile research topics. Examples include the impacts of rising CO2 levels on microbial community structure and ocean processes, interactions of microbes with plastic pollution, symbiotic interactions, and emerging diseases of marine life. This is the only textbook addressing such a broad range of topics in the specific area of marine microbiology, now a core topic within broader Marine Science degrees. A Companion Website provides additional online resources for instructors and students, including a summary of key concepts and terminology for each chapter, links to further resources, and flashcards to aid self-assessment.

Um Fliessgewasser den Nutzungsanspruchen des Menschen anzupassen, sind unzahlige Baumassnahmen erforderlich. Um die Auswirkungen wasserbaulicher Aktivitaten auf die in Fliessgewassern lebenden Tiere zu untersuchen, wurde die Ethohydraulik entwickelt. Sie beruht auf der Ethologie (Erforschung des Verhaltens von Tieren) und der Hydraulik (Lehre von den bewegten Flussigkeiten). Die Autoren stellen die Grundlagen dieser Wissenschaftsdisziplin dar und liefern Regeln sowie Grenz- und Bemessungswerte fur die wasserbauliche Praxis."

The deep-sea ecosystems include waters and sediments at the lowest layer in the ocean, existing below the thermocline and above the seabed, at a depth of 1000 fathoms (1800 m) or more. They represent the world's largest biome, covering more than 65% of the world surface and including more than 95% of the global biosphere. This book examines the marine biology, geology and human impact of the deep-sea environment. Topics discussed include the stratigraphical distribution and evolutionary classification of the schackoinid planktic foraminifera; the biological characteristics of the skilfish, erilepis zonifer in the North Pacific Ocean; protein degradation at deep-sea sediment; primary production and carbon cycling in the deep-sea; and biodiversity and ecosystem function in the deep-Mediterranean Sea.