Global Change studies are increasingly being considered a vital source of information to understand the Earth Environment, in particular in the framework of human-induced climate change and land use transformation. Satellite Earth Observing systems provide a unique tool to monitor those changes. While the range of applications and innovative techniques is constantly increasing, this book provides a summary of key case studies where satellite data offer critical information to understand the causes and effects of those environmental changes, minimizing their negative impacts. This book will be of interest to researchers and practitioners in the field of remote sensing, geographical information, meteorology and environmental sciences. Also scientists and graduate up to post-graduate level students in environmental science will find valuable information in this book.

The book is a thorough presentation of theoretical and applied aspects of the evaporation and evapotranspiration process supported by data from experimental studies. It is written in a way that the theoretical background of evaporation and evapotranspiration estimation is presented in a simplified manner, comprehensive to most technical readers. The book deals with details of meteorological parameters and monitoring sensors which are needed for estimating evaporation and evapotranspiration. Errors in meteorological parameter measurements are also presented. Estimation errors, strengths, weaknesses and applicability of a wide range of evaporation and evapotranspiration estimation methods are presented along with samples of application to a certain region. Application of newer simpler methods is presented. A new technology, remote sensing application to evaporation and evapotranspiration estimation, is presented. The latest interest in the subject, climate change and evapotranspiration is presented in the last chapter. This book will be beneficial to students, hydrologists, engineers, meteorologists, water managers and others.

In response to Executive Order S-3-05, an evaluation of the implications to California of possible climate changes was undertaken using a scenario-based approach. The "Scenarios Project" investigated projected impacts of climate change on six sectors in the California region. The investigation considered the early, middle and later portions of the twenty-first century, guided by a set of IPCC Fourth Assessment global climate model runs forced by higher and lower greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Each of these climate simulations produce substantial impacts in California that would require adaptations from present practices or status. The most severe impacts could be avoided, however, if emissions can be held near the lower end of global greenhouse gas emissions scenarios. Reprinted from Climatic Change, Vol. 109: Supplement 1 (2011)

Unique combination and integrated assessment of three major fields in physical oceanography Providing both in depth scientific views and a historical overview Very prominent and reknown authors brought together

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. The volume for 1857 includes serials on privateering in the West Indies, a voyage to St Lucia, and on Cambodia. It also describes regions including Zanzibar, the Baltic, Arabia, the Indian Ocean, the Pacific and Australasia, and contains military reports about the Crimea and Canton. There are reviews of books by Dr Kane on the Franklin searches and by Livingstone on his missionary travels. Several articles describe the progress of the Atlantic Electric Cable project, and the prospect of telegraphic communication with India is also discussed. The volume also contains a translation of the French merchant shipping code.

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. The 1858 volume carries an obituary for Sir Francis Beaufort, the influential hydrographer who was the editor's commander and mentor. The newly laid transatlantic cable features prominently: September's issue reports, 'We are now receiving from Newfoundland accurately, with perfect signals, at the rate of one hundred words per hour', and mentions the Queen and the US President exchanging telegrams, but the October issue announces that the cable has failed. Other topics covered include the Western capture of Canton and treaty with China, the lighthouses of Lake Superior, an improved anemometer design, the Russian navy, naval recruitment and Queen Victoria's visit to Cherbourg.

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. The 1859 volume focuses on Japan and the signing of a long-desired treaty, British military operations in China during the Second Opium War and setbacks affecting the Great Eastern and the laying of submarine cables. Research on water temperatures and currents, and accounts of the eruption of Mauna Loa in Hawaii also feature. The later issues are dominated by developments in the Franklin searches and a new series of 'occasional papers of the Nautical Club'. An unusual feature of this volume is a versified list of lighthouse locations and signals, which was later published in booklet form.

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. The volume for 1860 devotes considerable space to the 'occasional papers' of the recently formed Nautical Club. It covers the latest engineering achievements, including the Victoria Bridge in Montreal and the Panama Railroad, as well as the progress of the transatlantic cable. Asia and the Pacific feature prominently, with a Malay glossary and several articles on Japan that incorporate vocabulary lists. Scientific reports describe microscopic sea creatures, a solar eclipse and a tsunami. There is an article about the crowded Haj piligrimage, and books reviewed include McClintock's account of his search for further evidence about the lost Franklin expedition.

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. The 1861 volume has a strong East Asian focus, and includes a description of the tragic destruction of Beijing's Summer Palace. Scientific articles cover the previous year's solar eclipse, an earthquake and tsunami, and recent advances in geology (ranging from the work of Sedgwick and Lyell, who also feature in the Cambridge Library Collection, to Murchison's research that enabled him to recognise gold-bearing rocks from Australia). An essay on the French navy (translated from the French) aims to shed light on a possible threat, and a list of naval promotions includes the magazine editor's appointment as Rear-Admiral of the Blue.

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. The 1862 volume focuses on the Asia-Pacific region, with articles on Micronesia and on voyages from Singapore to Saigon and Melbourne. It also features telegraph projects in the Crimea and the Bering Strait, a proposed cable from Ireland to Newfoundland and a planned trans-Canadian transport link which would use inland waterways for most of the way. The volume reports on the Slave Trade Treaty between Britain and the United States, and the new Merchant Shipping Act. Particularly unusual is a description of a balloon ascent to a height of five miles by a staff member of the Royal Observatory.

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. The 1863 volume contains further instalments of the 1862 features on South-East Asia and Australia, as well as reports from Japan. It describes the Suez Canal works, and de Lesseps' 'beautifully organised' establishment with 'workshops and steam appliances on a very large scale', and notes that 'the great question of an Atlantic electric cable appears to be again revived', with Captain R. Hoskyn now in charge. It also reproduces the presidential address of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, which mentions recent progress in the field of railways and steamships, and the work of Lyell and Darwin.

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. The 1869 volume marks the completion of the Suez Canal, describing a voyage through it by canoe and, later, the grand opening in the presence of royalty and Christian and Islamic religious leaders. It also celebrates the installation of lightning conductors throughout the British fleet after a thirty-five-year campaign to eliminate lightning-related deaths, injuries and damage. Other articles discuss the welfare of seamen, the responsibilities of ships' officers and shipowners, voyages to East Asia and Australasia, the geography of South America, the laying of the French transatlantic cable and the completion of the Pacific Railroad from New York to San Francisco.

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. The volume for 1868 has a strong focus on the Pacific region, with a serialised account of a voyage from Manila to China and Japan, information on the tides in the Philippines, several articles on Hawaii and its volcanos, reports of an assassination attempt on the Duke of Edinburgh in Australia, and discussion of the earthquakes in Chili and Peru and the tsunami in New Zealand that August. It also includes lists of Royal Navy ships, progress updates on the Indian and Atlantic telegraphs and a fascinating essay on the environmental impacts of deforestation, railway expansion and sewage pollution.

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. The 1867 volume features numerous pieces of verse about the disasters of the previous year, including the wreck of the London and a fire at the Crystal Palace. It describes hurricanes, an iceberg collision, volcanic eruptions and a tsunami, as well as a fatal shipwreck in Cornwall that inspired the funding of a lifeboat. It also reports on a yacht race from New York to Cowes, the aftermath of the Jamaican rebellions, a route to China via the Irrawaddy River and the discovery of a mid-ocean ridge in the Pacific, suggesting the possibility of laying a submarine cable to Honolulu.

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. A recurring topic in the 1866 volume is the recent massacres in Jamaica, following which, the magazine complains, naval personnel were unreasonably required to administer harsh punishments to black people without due legal process. Another major feature stresses the need for seamen to be encouraged by the authorities to adopt a respectable lifestyle, improve their education and save for pensions and life assurance. Other articles focus on Japan, reports of piracy in the China seas, tea clippers and steam mailships. The volume also reports the successful laying of the Atlantic cable and the idea of a tunnel between England and France.

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. The 1865 volume devotes much attention to cable-laying, particularly the East Indian cable project and the Atlantic efforts involving the Great Eastern. Reports from around the world include navigational information about the coast of Queensland, details of a new daily time signal at Melbourne (soon to be triggered by electricity) and of a new religious movement among the New Zealand Maori, as well as a serialised account of a voyage to the Mariana Islands. Other articles discuss iron ships, naval movements, wrecks and lifeboats, and new railway and shipping services. The assassination of Abraham Lincoln is also reported.

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. The 1864 volume has a strong Asian focus, devoting extensive coverage to Japan. As well as the usual reports on wrecks, it lists the number of lives saved by lifeboats during the first forty years of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution and contains a poster on performing resuscitation after drowning. Map construction, coastline changes and the decline of Bristol Docks also feature, as does a report recommending Dartmouth as a landing place for mail. This volume also describes the development and opening of the Royal School for Naval Architecture and, for the last time, contains papers of the Nautical Club.

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. The 1870 volume was the thirty-ninth and last to be edited by Rear-Admiral Becher, whose brief postscript highlights improvements in charts and the installation of lightning conductors as important achievements, and remarks that the magazine's 'efforts for the improvement of all that concerns the seaman's benefit' have been a labour of love. The volume devotes much space to the newly opened Suez Canal. Australia, Canada and the Mediterranean also feature, and there are ethnographic articles on the peoples of Polynesia and West Africa. The volume also contains an obituary of Charles Dickens and a lively article on the University Boat Race.

The second, enlarged edition of this established reference integrates many new insights into wastewater hydraulics. This work serves as a reference for researchers but also is a basis for practicing engineers. It can be used as a text book for graduate students, although it has the characteristics of a reference book. It addresses mainly the sewer hydraulician but also general hydraulic engineers who have to tackle many a problem in daily life, and who will not always find an appropriate solution. Each chapter is introduced with a summary to outline the contents. To illustrate application of the theory, examples are presented to explain the computational procedures. Further, to relate present knowledge to the history of hydraulics, some key dates on noteworthy hydraulicians are quoted. A historical note on the development of wastewater hydraulics is also added. References are given at the end of each chapter, and they are often helpful starting points for further reading. Each notation is defined when introduced, and listed alphabetically at the end of each chapter. This new edition includes in particular sideweirs with throttling pipes, drop shafts with an account on the two-phase flow features, as well as conduit choking due to direct or undular hydraulic jumps.

The chemical, physical and physicochemical processes that are at work in the depths of the Earth, both connected and unconnected with man's activities and coupled to the relevant properties and characteristics of the rocks, began to be intensively studied in the early decades of the present century. Until then little evidence had been available concerning the physical and physicochemical properties of rocks, and the data that existed were one-sided and uncoordinated. Both in this country and elsewhere an interest in investigating natural processes, the processes taking place in rocks, and the properties and characteristics of rocks arose as a result of the intensive development of oil and gas engineering, the mining of coal and ore, the construction of large projects, railroads, etc. Information on the properties of rocks was needed, in particular, to facilitate progress in engineering, technology, and geological and geophysical methods of prospecting for extracting and processing mineral deposits. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, methods involving intrinsic and induced pola rization were introduced. Moreover, little information was available concerning the petrophysical and petrochemical quantities characterizing the different contribution of various rocks to electrical processes. Electrical methods were followed by other methods of applied physics based on the novel electrical, thermal, magnetic, nuclear, elastic and other properties of rocks.

This key new textbook provides a state-of-the-art view of the physics of cloud and precipitation formation, covering the most important topics in the field: the microphysics, thermodynamics and cloud-scale dynamics. Highlights include: the condensation process explained with new insights from chemical physics studies; the impact of the particle curvature (the Kelvin equation) and solute effect (the Kohler equation); homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation from recent molecular dynamic simulations; and the hydrodynamics of falling hydrometeors and their impact on collision growth. 3D cloud-model simulations demonstrate the dynamics and microphysics of deep convective clouds and cirrus formation, and each chapter contains problems enabling students to review and implement their new learning. Packed with detailed mathematical derivations and cutting-edge stereographic illustrations, this is an ideal text for graduate and advanced undergraduate courses, and also serves as a reference for academic researchers and professionals working in atmospheric science, meteorology, climatology, remote sensing and environmental science.

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. The 1834 volume devotes much space to naval news, including lists of ships and their captains, courts martial, promotions and appointments, births, marriages and deaths. It discusses the use of electricity for lighthouses and of steam engines in mines and ships, reports the launch of a new steam frigate, lists recent shipwrecks, and contains the timetables for the Falmouth packet boats to the Mediterranean, North and South America, and the Caribbean. Other contributions include a list of Arctic expeditions from England, a lurid account of a Maori haka and alleged cannibalism, and proposed designs for lightning conductors aboard ship.

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. The 1835 volume lists new charts for parts of the Indian Ocean and the Australian coast, and includes a letter proposing a canal across the Isthmus of Darien (Panama). It also contains an allegedly authentic journal of a Russian privateer, whose lurid details read more like a work of fiction. Other coverage includes regular items of naval and shipping news, the sailing times of the Falmouth packets, discussion of courts martial and of discipline on merchant ships, and a review of the recently rediscovered papers of the first Astronomer Royal, John Flamsteed (also reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection).

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. The 1836 volume shows gradual changes in the structure of individual issues, with 'Naval Chronicle' appearing as a section heading from July onwards, in a font closely resembling the title page of that earlier periodical (also reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection). It contains reports of the loss of a convict ship and ensuing discussion of conditions on convict and emigrant ships, and comments on a new tonnage bill affecting the registration and taxation of ships. Other topics covered include steam power, lighthouse and harbour construction, courts martial, wreckers in France and a description of the Jagannath temple in Orissa.

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions and on current affairs. The year 1837 marked a relaunch of the publication: 'Naval Chronicle' was added to the title of the 'new series'. The layout became more economical, with narrower margins and fewer illustrations, and a new subheading of 'law proceedings' gave a new emphasis to this category of material. The content includes news of naval personnel, descriptions of coastlines and harbours from Wales to Australia, an account of the 1831 voyage of the Beagle (mentioning the geological fieldwork of 'Mr Charles Darwin, a zealous volunteer in the cause of science'), and reports of Havana pirates and of a fatal case of snakebite in Cornwall.