This book presents the design requirements of antenna integration for modern commercial devices such as smartphones, dongles, and access points. Practical use-case scenarios of smartphone and the design process of the antenna system for the same are highlighted. The feasibility of scaling up sub-6GHz to mmWave antennas is also discussed in detail followed by a plethora of design examples which could be panel mounted to modern-day commercial smartphones. The unique requirement of gain switchability is introduced with feasible practical antenna designs. High efficiency antennas for 5G base stations is introduced along with a design example on planar all-metallic antenna. Beam switchability requirement for base station is illustrated with a couple of compact antenna system examples. Variety of feeding techniques for mmWave antennas is elaborated in this book. Finally, low-cost antenna designs for future wireless devices are illustrated.

This book presents a timely investigation of radar remote sensing observations for agricultural crop monitoring and advancements of research techniques and their applicability for crop biophysical parameter estimation. It introduces theoretical background of radar scattering from vegetation volume and semi-empirical modelling approaches that are the foundation for biophysical parameter inversion. The contents will help readers explore the state-of-the-art crop monitoring and biophysical parameter estimation using approaches radar remote sensing. It is useful guide for academicians, practitioners and policymakers.

This book presents a collection of problems in spin wave excitations with their detailed solutions. Each chapter briefly introduces the important concepts, encouraging the reader to further explore the physics of spin wave excitations and the engineering of spin wave devices by working through the accompanying problem sets. The initial chapters cover the fundamental aspects of magnetization, with its origins in quantum mechanics, followed by chapters on spin wave excitations, such as the magnetostatic approximation, Walker's equation, the spin wave manifold in the three different excitation geometries of forward volume, backward volume and surface waves, and the dispersion of spin waves. The latter chapters focus on the practical aspects of spin waves and spin wave optical devices and use the problem sets to introduce concepts such as variational analysis and coupled mode theory. Finally, for the more advanced reader, the book covers nonlinear interactions and topics such as spin wave quantization, spin torque excitations, and the inverse Doppler effect. The topics range in difficulty from elementary to advanced. All problems are solved in detail and the reader is encouraged to develop an understanding of spin wave excitations and spin wave devices while also strengthening their mathematical, analytical, and numerical programming skills.

This book offers readers an overview of some of the most recent advances in the field of advanced materials used for gamma and X-ray imaging. Coverage includes both technology and applications, with an in-depth review of the research topics from leading specialists in the field. Emphasis is on high-Z materials like CdTe, CZT and GaAs, as well as perovskite crystals, since they offer the best implementation possibilities for direct conversion X-ray detectors. Authors discuss material challenges, detector operation physics and technology and readout integrated circuits required to detect signals processes by high-Z sensors.

This book presents a variety of techniques using high-frequency (RF) and time-domain measurements to understand the electrical performance of novel, modern transistors made of materials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, and silicon-on-insulator, and using new transistor structures. The author explains how to use conventional RF and time- domain measurements to characterize the performance of the transistors. In addition, he explains how novel transistors may be subject to effects such as self-heating, period-dependent output, non-linearity, susceptibility to short-term degradation, DC-invisible structural defects, and a different response to DC and transient inputs. Readers will understand that in order to fully understand and characterize the behavior of a novel transistor, there is an arsenal of dynamic techniques available. In addition to abstract concepts, the reader will learn of practical tips required to achieve meaningful measurements, and will understand the relationship between these measurements and traditional, conventional DC characteristics.

Radio-Frequency Integrated-Circuit Engineering addresses the theory, analysis and design of passive and active RFIC's using Si-based CMOS and Bi-CMOS technologies, and other non-silicon based technologies. The materials covered are self-contained and presented in such detail that allows readers with only undergraduate electrical engineering knowledge in EM, RF, and circuits to understand and design RFICs. Organized into sixteen chapters, blending analog and microwave engineering, Radio-Frequency Integrated-Circuit Engineering emphasizes the microwave engineering approach for RFICs. Provides essential knowledge in EM and microwave engineering, passive and active RFICs, RFIC analysis and design techniques, and RF systems vital for RFIC students and engineers Blends analog and microwave engineering approaches for RFIC design at high frequencies Includes problems at the end of each chapter

The book systematically introduces the design theory and method of multi-band RF filtering circuits for the modern wireless communication systems or radar systems, which are required to operate at multi-bands. These multi-band filtering RF circuits have drawn more and more attention from the engineers and scientists in the field of RF circuits design. The book proposes the detailed theoretical analysis and abundant experimental data of multi-mode resonators, multi-band bandpass filter with high selectivity, reflectionless multi-band bandpass filter, balanced filter with high suppression, slotline based multi-band balun filter, switchable filtering diplexer based on reused L-shape resonator and miniaturized 55-/95-GHz on-chip dual-band bandpass Filter. The book is intended for undergraduate and graduate students who are interested in filtering circuits design, researchers who are investigating RF & microwave systems, as well as design engineers who are working in the RF & microwave circuits field. Readers can get an in-depth understanding about the multi-band RF filtering circuits design theory and method.

This book provides readers with an overview of kinetic energy harvesting systems, their applications, and a detailed discussion of circuit design of variable-capacitance electrostatic harvesters. The authors describe challenges that need to be overcome when designing miniaturized kinetic energy harvesting systems, along with practical design considerations demonstrated through case studies of developing electrostatic energy harvesting systems. The book also, Discusses the subject of Miniaturized Variable-Capacitance Electrostatic Energy Harvesters from both a theoretical and practical/experimental point of view. Describes detailed circuit designs for developing miniaturized electrostatic harvesters. Includes a comprehensive comparison framework for evaluating electrostatic harvesters, enabling readers to select which harvesters are best suited for a particular application.

This book introduces the origin of biomedical signals and the operating principles behind them and introduces the characteristics of common biomedical signals for subsequent signal measurement and judgment. Since biomedical signals are captured by wearable devices, sensor devices, or implanted devices, these devices are all battery-powered to maintain long working time. We hope to reduce their power consumption to extend service life, especially for implantable devices, because battery replacement can only be done through surgery. Therefore, we must understand how to design low-power integrated circuits. Both implantable and in-vitro medical signal detectors require two basic components to collect and transmit biomedical signals: an analog-to-digital converter and a frequency synthesizer because these measured biomedical signals are wirelessly transmitted to the relevant receiving unit. The core unit of wireless transmission is the frequency synthesizer, which provides a wide frequency range and stable frequency to demonstrate the quality and performance of the wireless transmitter. Therefore, the basic operating principle and model of the frequency synthesizer are introduced. We also show design examples and measurement results of a low-power low-voltage integer-N frequency synthesizer for biomedical applications. The detection of biomedical signals needs to be converted into digital signals by an analog-to-digital converter to facilitate subsequent signal processing and recognition. Therefore, the operating principle of the analog-to-digital converter is introduced. We also show implementation examples and measurement results of low-power low-voltage analog-to-digital converters for biomedical applications.

This book presents innovative strategies to implement ultra-low voltage (ULV) and low power active circuits used in low energy RF receivers. The authors demonstrate that the use of single-stage amplifiers with the input negative transconductance compensation is a key strategy to allow the operation at low voltage levels with reduced power dissipation. Also, some design methodologies, based on the CMOS transistor operation point, are analyzed and a powerful design methodology is described for this kind of circuit. Readers will be enabled to implement the techniques described to design communication circuits with low power dissipation, useful in a variety of applications, including IoT/IoE devices.

This book describes the basic functions of the European Digital Radio DAB+ (Digital Audio Broadcasting plus) with its direct possible applications in a simple way. The book refers to fundamentals of DABs 80+ norms and specifications. Presented subjects are indicating problems of DAB signal propagation and possible multimedia applications. The book provides about 130 figures for explaining new concepts in an easy to approach manner. Applications include, but are not limited to audio compression MPEG, OFDM, SFN phasor representation, multiplexes, MOT, and conditional access. The book is intended for those interested in decisions regarding radio at various levels, owners of radio stations, and designers of various multimedia applications of digital radio in the field of security, students of wireless systems, etc. * Presents the fundamental functions of DAB / DAB+ (Digital Audio Broadcasting) along with its applications * Outlines the European Digital Radio system * Explains the functions of worldwide emerging digital radio subsystems

This book presents state-of-the-art millimetre wave antennas for next generation 5G communications. The propagation losses associated with the millimetre waves and the signal blockage due to the objects present between transmitter and receiver require novel antenna topologies to address these issues. Various aspects of antenna design related to millimetre wave 5G communication including 28-GHz channel characteristics, mmWave antenna requirements, antenna design strategies for 28 GHz, MIMO/multibeam antennas, and mmWave lens antennas are highlighted. Apart from the general antenna requirements and study related to the 28 GHz frequency band, various new metamaterial-based antennas employing uniaxial or biaxial anisotropic media that enhance the antenna radiation performance are covered in detail. In addition, various new antenna systems such as wide-scan antenna arrays, dual-polarized antennas, and dual-beam/multibeam antennas are covered in this book. The book concludes with the glimpses of the millimetre wave lens antennas and the design of very thin planar metamaterial lens for 5G massive MIMO applications.

This open access book describes modern applications of computational human modelling to advance neurology, cancer treatment, and radio-frequency studies including regulatory, safety, and wireless communication fields. Readers working on any application that may expose human subjects to electromagnetic radiation will benefit from this book's coverage of the latest models and techniques available to assess a given technology's safety and efficacy in a timely and efficient manner. This is an Open Access book.

This textbook for core courses in Electronic Circuit Design teaches students the design and application of a broad range of analog electronic circuits in a comprehensive and clear manner. Readers will be enabled to design complete, functional circuits or systems. The authors first provide a foundation in the theory and operation of basic electronic devices, including the diode, bipolar junction transistor, field effect transistor, operational amplifier and current feedback amplifier. They then present comprehensive instruction on the design of working, realistic electronic circuits of varying levels of complexity, including power amplifiers, regulated power supplies, filters, oscillators and waveform generators. Many examples help the reader quickly become familiar with key design parameters and design methodology for each class of circuits. Each chapter starts from fundamental circuits and develops them step-by-step into a broad range of applications of real circuits and systems. Written to be accessible to students of varying backgrounds, this textbook presents the design of realistic, working analog electronic circuits for key systems; Includes worked examples of functioning circuits, throughout every chapter, with an emphasis on real applications; Includes numerous exercises at the end of each chapter; Uses simulations to demonstrate the functionality of the designed circuits; Enables readers to design important electronic circuits including amplifiers, power supplies and oscillators.

This book helps to solve the problems and challenges of satellite sensing in the current environment of increasing communications bandwidths and multiplicity of electromagnetic signals. It presents technology that makes full use of the broadband low-loss advantages of optoelectronic technology and research into new broadband radio-frequency channelization and receiving technology based on photoelectric sensing. The methods presented allow improvements in system performance in terms of receiving bandwidth, frequency-sensing accuracy, channel equalization, adjacent channel crosstalk, dynamic range, and complexity of the system structure. In addressing the difficulty of satellite spectrum control, including the issue of high-precision and real-time wide-spectrum sensing not being able to be obtained simultaneously, the book solves the problem of accurate and parallel-decomposition sensing technology using the dual-phase optical frequency comb. This method avoids the involvement of fine filtering and does not require fine alignment between the source and the filter but achieves high perceptual accuracy. Satellite Photoelectric Sensing Technology explores the research background, significance, and current challenges associated with the technology, making it relevant and interesting to academics, practitioners, and postgraduate students in this field.

For courses in electromagnetics. Bridging the gap between circuits and electromagnetics Widely acclaimed in the field, this authoritative text bridges the gap between circuits and electromagnetics material. Fundamentals of Applied Electromagnetics begins coverage with transmission lines, leading students from familiar concepts into more advanced topics and applications. The 8th Edition builds on the core content and style of previous editions, retaining the student-friendly approach and hands-on simulation modules that help students develop a deeper understanding of electromagnetic concepts and applications. Enhanced graphs and illustrations and an expanded scope of topics in the Technology Briefs, establish additional bridges between electromagnetic fundamentals and their countless engineering and scientific applications.

This open access book provides practicing electrical engineers and students a practical - and mathematically sound - introduction to the topic of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). The author enables readers to understand better how to overcome commonly failed EMC tests for radiated emission, radiated immunity, and electrostatic discharge (ESD), while providing concrete EMC design guidelines. The book also presents an overview of EMC standards and regulations and how to test for a global market access.

This textbook covers all related communication technologies of underwater wireless communication, such as acoustic communication, optical communication, and magneto-inductive communication. After describing each technology, the authors relay their pros and cons, as it is essential to learn the underlying mechanism, advancements, and limitations of these techniques. Therefore, this book provides basics fundamentals of the three technologies, their advantages and disadvantages, and their applications. The authors also introduce research trends, pointing readers in the direction of research in the field of underwater wireless communication. The book is an essential textbook for undergraduate and graduate students in the field of underwater communications. The book is also useful as a reference to undergraduate engineering students, science students, and practicing engineers. The book includes end-of-chapter questions and numerical problems.

This book provides an introduction to Bluetooth technology, with a specific focus on developing a hardware architecture for its modem. The major concepts and techniques involved in Bluetooth technology are discussed, with special emphasis on hardware mapping. The book starts simply to allow the reader to master quickly the basic concepts, before addressing the advanced features. This book differs from existing content in that it presents Bluetooth Transceiver architecture suitable for implementation in an FPGA for IoT Devices. It will examine several digital algorithms for modulation and demodulation of Bluetooth signals, locking on the carrier phase, and synchronizing the symbol. Many of these previously analog designs have been translated to the digital domain.

This book tackles the 6G odyssey, providing a concerted technology roadmap towards the 6G vision focused on the interoperability between the wireless and optical domain, including the benefits that are introduced through virtualization and software defined radio. The authors aim to be at the forefront of beyond 5G technologies by reflecting the integrated works of several major European collaborative projects (H2020-ETN-SECRET, 5GSTEPFWD, and SPOTLIGHT). The book is structured so as to provide insights towards the 6G horizon, reporting on the most recent developments on the international 6G research effort. The authors address a variety of telecom stakeholders, which includes practicing engineers on the field developing commercial solutions for 5G and beyond products; postgraduate researchers that require a basis on which to build their research by highlighting the current challenges on radio, optical and cloud-based networking for ultra-dense networks, including novel approaches; and project managers that could use the principles and applications for shaping new research proposals on this highly dynamic field.

This thoroughly revised textbook provides a description of current networking technologies and protocols as well as important new tools for network performance analysis based on queuing theory. The third edition adds topics such as network virtualization and new related architectures, novel satellite systems (such as Space X, OneWeb), jitter and its impact on streaming services, packet level FEC techniques and network coding, new Markovian models, and advanced details on M/G/1 queuing models. The author also adds new selected exercises throughout the chapters and a new version of the slides and the solution manual. The book maintains its organization with networking technologies and protocols in Part I and then theory and exercises with applications to the different technologies and protocols in Part II. This book is intended as a textbook for master level courses in networking and telecommunications sectors.

What are the physical mechanisms that underlie the efficient generation and transfer of energy at the nanoscale? Nature seems to know the answer to this question, having optimised the process of photosynthesis in plants over millions of years of evolution. It is conceivable that humans could mimic this process using synthetic materials, and organic semiconductors have attracted a lot of attention in this respect. Once an organic semiconductor absorbs light, bound pairs of electrons with positively charged holes, termed `excitons', are formed. Excitons behave as fundamental energy carriers, hence understanding the physics behind their efficient generation and transfer is critical to realising the potential of organic semiconductors for light-harvesting and other applications, such as LEDs and transistors. However, this problem is extremely challenging since excitons can interact very strongly with photons. Moreover, simultaneously with the exciton motion, organic molecules can vibrate in hundreds of possible ways, having a very strong effect on energy transfer. The description of these complex phenomena is often beyond the reach of standard quantum mechanical methods which rely on the assumption of weak interactions between excitons, photons and vibrations. In this thesis, Antonios Alvertis addresses this problem through the development and application of a variety of different theoretical methods to the description of these strong interactions, providing pedagogical explanations of the underlying physics. A comprehensive introduction to organic semiconductors is followed by a review of the background theory that is employed to approach the relevant research questions, and the theoretical results are presented in close connection with experiment, yielding valuable insights for experimentalists and theoreticians alike.

An authoritative presentation of electromagnetic and microwave engineering
Introduction to Electromagnetic and Microwave Engineering is a comprehensive text/reference suitable for all electrical engineering students. The text functions as both a complete two-semester course and a useful update for practicing engineers. It begins with a presentation of the foundations of electromagnetic theory appropriate for sophomore- and junior-level students, emphasizing vector mathematics, Maxwell's equations, and statics. From there, the book moves on to introduce microwave engineering and its applications, including magnetostatics, transmission lines, reflection and transmission at plane boundaries, and two- and three-dimensional waveguides --topics seldom treated in senior-level texts and particularly relevant to communications, radar, and warfare systems.
Based on undergraduate and graduate courses at the City College of New York, this clear and detailed textbook:
* Provides a comprehensive grounding in electromagnetic theory and microwave engineering
* Uses MathCad and finite-element methods to present computational electromagnetics
* Contains tutorials on MathCad and PSpice in the appendix to aid instructors
* Presents illustrative examples, discusses design problems, and emphasizes the use of simulation software throughout the text
* Includes 300 homework assignments to elucidate the material covered

This book investigates in detail the deep learning (DL) techniques in electromagnetic (EM) near-field scattering problems, assessing its potential to replace traditional numerical solvers in real-time forecast scenarios. Studies on EM scattering problems have attracted researchers in various fields, such as antenna design, geophysical exploration and remote sensing. Pursuing a holistic perspective, the book introduces the whole workflow in utilizing the DL framework to solve the scattering problems. To achieve precise approximation, medium-scale data sets are sufficient in training the proposed model. As a result, the fully trained framework can realize three orders of magnitude faster than the conventional FDFD solver. It is worth noting that the 2D and 3D scatterers in the scheme can be either lossless medium or metal, allowing the model to be more applicable. This book is intended for graduate students who are interested in deep learning with computational electromagnetics, professional practitioners working on EM scattering, or other corresponding researchers.

This graduate-level textbook presents the principles, design methods, simulation, and materials of photonic circuits. It provides state-of-the-art examples of silicon, indium phosphide, and other materials frequently used in these circuits, and includes a thorough discussion of all major types of devices. In addition, the book discusses the integrated photonic circuits (chips) that are currently increasingly employed on the international technology market in connection with short-range and long-range data communication. Featuring references from the latest research in the field, as well as chapter-end summaries and problem sets, Principles of Photonic Integrated Circuits is ideal for any graduate-level course on integrated photonics, or optical technology and communication.