Waveguide Junction Circulators brings together for the first time all the design aspects of this class of device. In a typical application the circulator allows a single antenna to be used for both transmission and reception. Together with semiconductor, passive and electronic devices, the circulator constitutes an essential building block in modern radar, satellite and telecommunication equipment. Features include:
* Examination of the properties and adjustments of the 3-port junction circulator and focus on the gyromagnetic resonator
* Description of the design of practical classic circulator arrangements
* Discussion of aspects of filter theory in the design of the classic 3-port junction circulator
* Consideration of practical concerns such as insertion loss and commercial specifications
Written by a leading academic authority and experienced industrial consultant, Waveguide Junction Circulators is a vital information source for designers working in microwave engineering. This valuable guide provides the academic researcher with a firm foundation in the theoretical aspects of this class of device whilst offering the industrial engineer an experimental platform for commercial design.

This practical guide offers all important digital television, sound radio, and multimedia standards such as MPEG, DVB, DVD, DAB, ATSC, T-DMB, DMB-T, DRM and ISDB-T. It provides an in-depth look at these subjects in terms of practical experience. In addition explains the basics of essential topics like analog television, digital modulation, COFDM or mathematical transformations between time and frequency domains. The fourth edition addresses many new developments and features of digital broadcasting. Especially it includes Ultra High Definition Television (UHDTV), 4K, HEVC / H.265 (High Efficiency Video Coding), DVB-T2 measurement techniques and practice, DOCSIS 3.1, DVB - S2X, and 3DTV, as well as VHF-FM radio, HDMI, terrestrial transmitters, and stations. In the center of the treatments are always measuring techniques and of measuring practice for each case consolidating the knowledge imparted with numerous practical examples. The book is directed primarily at the specialist working in the field, on transmitters and transmission equipment, network planning, studio technology, playout centers and multiplex center technology and in the development departments for entertainment electronics or TV test engineering. Since the entire field of electrical communications technology is traversed in a wide arc, those who are students in this field are not excluded either.

This book gathers selected papers from the first International Conference on Optoelectronics and Measurement (ICOM 2018), held in Hangzhou, China on Oct 18-20, 2018. The proceedings focus on the latest developments in the fields of optics, photonics, optoelectronics, sensors, and related measurement technologies. Addressing hot topics in fibre optics, photo detectors and sensors, it also features illustrations of advanced device technologies, explains measurement principles, and shares cutting-edge scientific and technological findings. Accordingly, readers will gain essential insights into the forefront of these fields, and will find not only important technical data, but also new ideas to inspire their own future research.

This book addresses the peculiarities of nonlinear wave propagation in waveguides and explains how the stratification depends on the waveguide and confinement. An example of this is an optical fibre that does not allow light to pass through a density jump. The book also discusses propagation in the nonlinear regime, which is characterized by a specific waveform and amplitude, to demonstrate so-called solitonic behaviour. In this case, a wave may be strongly localized, and propagates with a weak change in shape. In the waveguide case there are additional contributions of dispersion originating from boundary or asymptotic conditions. Offering concrete guidance on solving application problems, this essentially (more than twice) expanded second edition includes various aspects of guided propagation of nonlinear waves as well as new topics like solitonic behaviour of one-mode and multi-mode excitation and propagation and plasma waveguides, propagation peculiarities of electromagnetic waves in metamaterials, new types of dispersion, dissipation, electromagnetic waveguides, planetary waves and plasma waves interaction.The key feature of the solitonic behaviour is based on Coupled KdV and Coupled NS systems. The systems are derived in this book and solved numerically with the proof of stability and convergence. The domain wall dynamics of ferromagnetic microwaveguides and Bloch waves in nano-waveguides are also included with some problems of magnetic momentum and charge transport.

This volume presents selected papers from the 2nd International Conference on Optical and Wireless Technologies, conducted from 10th to 11th February, 2018. It focuses on extending the limits of currently used systems encompassing optical and wireless domains, and explores novel research on wireless and optical techniques and systems, describing practical implementation activities, results and issues. The book will serve as a valuable reference resource for academics and researchers across the globe.

This book focuses on the modeling, optimization, and applications of 5G green mobile communication networks, aimed at improving energy efficiency and spectrum utilization in 5G systems. It offers a balance between theoretical analysis and engineering practice, providing in-depth studies of a number of major topics, such as energy consumption models, optimization, system design, implementation, and performance evaluation. It also discusses four aspects of green communication in detail: cellular networks, resource management, wireless transmissions and multi-media communications. Further, this unique book comprehensively and systematically discusses green optimization in wireless mobile communications. As such it is a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and graduate students in various fields, including telecommunications engineering, electrical and electronic engineering, and computer engineering, particularly those interested in green communications.

Written by respected experts, this book highlights the latest findings on the electromagnetic ultrasonic guided wave (UGW) imaging method. It introduces main topics as the Time of Flight (TOF) extraction method for the guided wave signal, tomography and scattering imaging methods which can be used to improve the imaging accuracy of defects. Further, it offers essential insights into how electromagnetic UGW can be used in nondestructive testing (NDT) and defect imaging. As such, the book provides valuable information, useful methods and practical experiments that will benefit researchers, scientists and engineers in the field of NDT.

This book highlights recent advances in thin-film photonics, particularly as building blocks of metamaterials and metasurfaces. Recent advances in nanophotonics has demonstrated remarkable control over the electromagnetic field by tailoring the optical properties of materials at the subwavelength scale which results in the emergence of metamaterials and metasurfaces. However, most of the proposed platforms require intense lithography which makes them of minor practical relevance. Stacked ultrathin-films of dielectrics, semi-conductors, and metals are introduced as an alternative platform that perform unique or similar functionalities. This book discusses the new era of thin film photonics and its potential applications in perfect and selective light absorption, structural coloring, biosensing, enhanced spontaneous emission, reconfigurable photonic devices and super lensing.

This book presents quantum phononics as an exciting new field of research, and introduces readers to the quantum nature of phonons and their application to quantum technologies. Both the theory of and recent experiments in "quantum phononics," involving e.g. coherent phonons, phonon squeezing, coherent control, and phonon quantum technologies, are presented. The theoretical background of the generation and detection of phonons is described in a way that will be easy to understand for graduate students and experimental scientists who are newcomers to the field. Moreover, the book focuses on coherent phonons produced by ultrafast laser pulses, which can be used for the coherent control of atomic motions in solids and phase transformation. The laser-matter interaction is treated using a density matrix formalism of the time-dependent Schroeedinger equation. In addition, the third-order nonlinear optical response of condensed matter is also described.

This book discusses both the theoretical and practical aspects of optics, photonics and lasers, presenting new methods, technologies, advanced prototypes, systems, tools and techniques as well as a general survey indicating future trends and directions. The main fields addressed include nonlinear optical phenomena, photonics for energy, high-field phenomena, photonic and optoelectronic sensors and devices, optical communications, biomedical optics and photonics. It also covers a large spectrum of materials, ranging from semiconductor-based optical materials to optical glasses, organic materials, photorefractive materials and nanophotonic materials, as well as applications such as metrology, optometry, adaptive optics, all optical instrumentation, optical communications, quantum information, lighting technologies, energy harvesting and optically based biomedical diagnosis and therapeutics.

This book provides an overview of the current state of the art in novel piezo-composites based on ferroelectrics. Covering aspects ranging from theoretical materials simulation and manufacturing and characterization methods, to the application and performance of these materials, it focuses on the optimization of the material parameters. Presenting the latest findings on modern composites and highlighting the applications of piezoelectric materials for sensors, transducers and hydro-acoustics, the book addresses an important gap in the physics of active dielectrics and materials science and describes new trends in the research on ferroelectric composites.

In two volumes, this book presents a detailed, systematic treatment of electromagnetics with application to the propagation of transient electromagnetic fields (including ultrawideband signals and ultrashort pulses) in dispersive attenuative media. The development in this expanded, updated, and reorganized new edition is mathematically rigorous, progressing from classical theory to the asymptotic description of pulsed wave fields in Debye and Lorentz model dielectrics, Drude model conductors, and composite model semiconductors. It will be of use to researchers as a resource on electromagnetic radiation and wave propagation theory with applications to ground and foliage penetrating radar, medical imaging, communications, and safety issues associated with ultrawideband pulsed fields. With meaningful exercises, and an authoritative selection of topics, it can also be used as a textbook to prepare graduate students for research. Volume 2 presents a detailed asymptotic description of plane wave pulse propagation in dielectric, conducting, and semiconducting materials as described by the classical Lorentz model of dielectric resonance, the Rocard-Powles-Debye model of orientational polarization, and the Drude model of metals. The rigorous description of the signal velocity of a pulse in a dispersive material is presented in connection with the question of superluminal pulse propagation. The second edition contains new material on the effects of spatial dispersion on precursor formation, and pulse transmission into a dispersive half space and into multilayered media. Volume 1 covers spectral representations in temporally dispersive media.

This book presents an investigative approach to globalization-driving technologies that efficiently deliver ubiquitous, last-mile, broadband internet access to emerging markets and rural areas. Research has shown that ubiquitous internet access boosts socio-economic growth through innovations in science and technology, and has a positive effect on the lives of individuals. Last-mile internet access in developing countries is not only intended to provide areas with stable, efficient, and cost-effective broadband capabilities, but also to encourage the use of connectivity for human capacity development. The book offers an overview of the principles of various technologies, such as light fidelity and millimeter-wave backhaul, as last-mile internet solutions and describes these potential solutions from a signal propagation perspective. It also provides readers with the notional context needed to understand their operation, benefits, and limitations, and enables them to investigate feasible and tailored solutions to ensure sustainable infrastructures that are expandable and maintainable.

Despite the powerful numerical techniques and graphical user interfaces available in present software tools for power system transients, a lack of reliable tests and conversion procedures generally makes determination of parameters the most challenging part of creating a model.

Illustrates Parameter Determination for Real-World Applications

Geared toward both students and professionals with at least some basic knowledge of electromagnetic transient analysis, Power System Transients: Parameter Determination summarizes current procedures and techniques for the determination of transient parameters for six basic power components: overhead line, insulated cable, transformer, synchronous machine, surge arrester, and circuit breaker. An expansion on papers published in the IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, this text helps those using transient simulation tools (e.g., EMTP-like tools) to select the optimal determination method for their particular model, and it addresses commonly encountered problems, including:

• Lack of information
• Testing setups and measurements that are not recognized in international standards
• Insufficient studies to validate models, mainly those used in high-frequency transients
• Current built-in models that do not cover all requirements

Illustrated with case studies, this book provides modeling guidelines for the selection of adequate representations for main components. It discusses how to collect the information needed to obtain model parameters and also reviews procedures for deriving them. Appendices summarize updated techniques for identifying linear systems from frequency responses and review capabilities and limitations of simulation tools. Emphasizing standards, this book is a clear and concise presentation of key aspects in creating an adequate and reliable transient model.

This book presents recent theoretical and experimental results of localized optical modes and low-threshold lasing in spiral photonic media. Efficient applications of localized modes for low-threshold lasing at the frequencies of localized modes are a central topic of the book's new chapters. Attention is paid to the analytical approach to the problem. The book focuses on one of the most extensively studied media in this field, cholesteric liquid crystals. The chosen model, in the absence of dielectric interfaces, allows to remove the problem of polarization mixing at surfaces, layers and defect structures. It allows to reduce the corresponding equations to the equations for light of diffracting polarization only. The problem concentrates then on the edge and defect optical modes. The possibility to reduce the lasing threshold due to an anomalously strong absorption effect is presented theoretically for distributed feedback lasing. It is shown that a minimum of the threshold-pumping wave intensity can be reached for the pumping wave frequency coinciding with the localized mode frequency (what can be reached for a pumping wave propagating at a certain angle to the helical axes). Analytic expressions for transmission and reflection coefficients are presented. In the present second edition, experimental observations of theoretically revealed phenomena in spiral photonic media are discussed. The main results obtained for spiral media are qualitatively valid for photonic crystals of any nature and therefore may be applied as a guide to investigations of other photonic crystals where the corresponding theory is more complicated and demands a numerical approach. It is demonstrated that many optical phenomena occurring at the frequencies of localized modes reveal unusual properties which can be used for efficient applications of the corresponding phenomena, efficient frequency conversion and low threshold lasing, e.g. For the convenience of the reader, an introduction is given to conventional linear and nonlinear optics of structured periodic media. This book is valuable to researchers, postgraduate, and graduate students active in theoretical and experimental physics in the field of interaction of radiation with condensed matter.

This book provides a comprehensive survey of the technology of flash lamp annealing (FLA) for thermal processing of semiconductors. It gives a detailed introduction to the FLA technology and its physical background. Advantages, drawbacks and process issues are addressed in detail and allow the reader to properly plan and perform their own thermal processing. Moreover, this books gives a broad overview of the applications of flash lamp annealing, including a comprehensive literature survey. Several case studies of simulated temperature profiles in real material systems give the reader the necessary insight into the underlying physics and simulations. This book is a valuable reference work for both novice and advanced users.

This book presents the theory, analysis, and design of multiband dual-function microwave and millimeter-wave CMOS radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) filter-switches capable of simultaneous switching and filtering, which are relevant for advanced multiband RF systems. Typical microwave and millimeter-wave switches are designed only for switching purposes without considering frequency selectivity or filtering. A separate filter is normally needed to be used with a switch to provide a filtering function. This conventional design approach hence leads to higher insertion loss, larger size and higher cost for RF systems. RF systems operating over multiple bands provide numerous advantages and offer more capabilities for communications and sensing than their single-band counterparts. A concurrent multiband system enables one single system to be used over multiple bands simultaneously, leading to optimum size, cost, and power consumption, together with ease of system implementation. Truly concurrent multiband systems require many components to work on multiple bands simultaneously, including concurrent multiband switches. Microwave and millimeter-wave integrated circuits using silicon-based CMOS (or related BiCMOS) RFICs are less expensive and better suited to direct integration with digital ICs than those using III-V compound semiconductor devices. CMOS RFICs are also small and offer low power consumption, making them suitable for portable battery-operated systems. Accordingly, CMOS RFICs are very attractive for RF systems and are the principal choice for commercial wireless markets. The content is divided into six chapters, the first four of which describe and address band-pass, high-pass, and low-pass filters, as well as multiband band-pass filters, the fundamentals of switches, and various switch architectures including single-pole single-throw (SPST), single-pole double-throw (SPDT), transmit/receive (T/R), and ultra-high-isolation switches, the fundamentals and models of MOSFETs used in the design of switches, and the essentials of CMOS RFIC design needed for the filter-switches presented in this book. In turn, the fifth chapter presents the core of the book, namely the design, simulation, and measurement of various CMOS dual-band dual-function SPDT and T/R switches capable of concurrent switching and filtering, as examples to illustrate the design of multiband dual-function filter-switches. These components operate in two different frequency bands centered at approximately 40 and 60 GHz and 24 and 60 GHz. Lastly, a summary and conclusion are provided in Chapter 6.

The 2005 meeting in Taormina, Italy was attended by 127 professionals who develop and use the highest quality detectors for wavelengths from x-ray to sub-mm, with emphasis on optical and infrared detectors. The meeting consisted of overview talks, technical presentations, poster sessions and roundtable discussions. These proceedings capture the technical content and the spirit of the 2005 workshop. The 87 papers cover a wide range of detector technologies including CCDs, CMOS, APDs, and sub-mm detectors. There are papers on observatory status and plans, special applications, detector testing and characterization, and electronics. A special feature of these proceedings is the inclusion of pedagogical overview papers, which were written by teams of leading experts from different institutions. These proceedings are appropriate for a range of expertise levels, from undergraduates to professionals working in the field. The information presented in this book will serve as a valuable reference for many years to come. This workshop was organized by the Scientific Workshop Factory, Inc. and the INAF- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania.

The transfer-matrix method (TMM) in electromagnetics and optics is a powerful and convenient mathematical formalism for determining the planewave reflection and transmission characteristics of an infinitely extended slab of a linear material. While the TMM was introduced for a homogeneous uniaxial dielectric-magnetic material in the 1960s, and subsequently extended for multilayered slabs, it has more recently been developed for the most general linear materials, namely bianisotropic materials. By means of the rigorous coupled-wave approach, slabs that are periodically nonhomogeneous in the thickness direction can also be accommodated by the TMM. In this book an overview of the TMM is presented for the most general contexts as well as for some for illustrative simple cases. Key theoretical results are given; for derivations, the reader is referred to the references at the end of each chapter. Albums of numerical results are also provided, and the computer code used to generate these results are provided in an appendix.

Radio and radar astronomy are powerful tools when studying the wonders of the universe, yet they tend to mystify amateur astronomers. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to newcomers, containing everything you need to start observing at radio wavelengths. Written by a mechanical engineer who has actually built and operated the tools described, the book contains a plethora of tested advice and practical resources. This revised edition of the original 2014 book Getting Started in Radio Astronomy provides a complete overview of the latest technology and research, including the newest models and equipment on the market as well as an entirely new section on radio astronomy with software-defined radios (SDRs). Four brand-new beginner projects are included, including bouncing a radar signal off the Moon, detecting the aurora, and tuning into the downlink radio used by astronauts aboard the ISS. Requiring no previous knowledge, no scary mathematics, and no expensive equipment, the book will serve as a fun and digestible reference for any level of astronomers hoping to expand their skills into the radio spectrum.

This book aims at making readers develop a better understanding of electrostatic fields using the form of problems and puzzles (summarized as "questions" hereafter) and answers, instead of tedious explanations in ordinary textbooks. The book is filled with the questions with unexpected answers and questions often misunderstood or rarely completely understood, most of which are original. The questions in the book look simple and very easy to answer at a glance; nevertheless, once students try to solve them, they will find that the questions are really tough nuts to crack. Teachers can also use the questions in the book in their classes. Not only from an academic or an educational point of view, the book is useful also to engineers working in such fields as electrical discharges and their applications, high voltage equipment in DC and AC circuits as well as electrostatic devices. This is because the book introduces various practical applications related to electrostatic fields. The original ideas of the book are based on the following Japanese book written by one of author; T. Takuma: Panorama of Electric Fields (in Japanese) IEE, Japan, 2003. This English version of the book has been thoroughly revised and improved with several new questions added.

This book presents not only the simultaneous combination of optical methods based on holographic principles for marker-free imaging, real-time trapping, identification and tracking of micro objects, but also the application of substantial low coherent light sources and non-diffractive beams. It first provides an overview of digital holographic microscopy (DHM) and holographic optical tweezers as well as non-diffracting beam types for minimal-invasive, real-time and marker-free imaging as well as manipulation of micro and nano objects. It then investigates the design concepts for the optical layout of holographic optical tweezers (HOTs) and their optimization using optical simulations and experimental methods. In a further part, the book characterizes the corresponding system modules that allow the addition of HOTs to commercial microscopes with regard to stability and diffraction efficiency. Further, based on experiments and microfluidic applications, it demonstrates the functionality of the combined setup, and discusses several types of non-diffracting beams and their application in optical manipulation. The book shows that holographic optical tweezers, including several non-diffracting beam types like Mathieu beams, combined parabolic and Airy beams, not only open up the possibility of generating efficient multiple dynamic traps for micro and nano particles with forces in the pico and nano newton range, but also the opportunity to exert optical torque with special beams like Bessel beams, which can facilitate the movement and rotation of particles by generating microfluidic flows. The last part discusses the potential use of a slightly modified DHM-HOT-system to explore the functionality of direct laser writing based on a two photon absorption process in a negative photoresist with a continuous wave laser

This book focuses on the design and development of SU-8 polymer and silicon waveguide-based devices using the effective index based matrix method. Various fabrication techniques like laser direct writing (LDW), Focused Ion Beam (FIB) and optical lithography are discussed. FIB lithography has been explored for photonic-crystal structures on the waveguide and for directional coupler in coupled region. This technique is shown to be suitable in fabricating photonic crystal structures as well as for making any precise modifications in micro- and nano-meter photonic waveguide structures. This book can be a useful reference for students, researchers, and fabrication engineers working in the areas of integrated optics, optical communications, laser technology and optical lithography for device manufacturing.

Tunable Materials with Applications in Antennas and Microwaves is a stimulating topic in these modern times. With the explosion of the new generation of the wireless world, greater emphasis than ever before is being placed on the analysis and applications of modern materials. This book describes the characteristics of Ferrites and Ferroelectrics and introduces the reader to Multiferroics. Represents, in a simple manner, the solid state physics and explains the permittivity and permeability tensor characteristics for the tunable materials of infinite and finite dimensions. Gives the applications of tunable materials in resonators, filters, microstrips, striplines, antennas, phase shifters, capacitors, varactors, and frequency selective surfaces. Describes in detail the mathematical analysis for spin and magnetostatic waves for infinite medium, thin slab films, and finite circular discs. The analysis contains original work, which the reader may extend in the future. Provides multiferroics, which are ferrite and ferroelectric composites. Multiferroics are very promising tunable materials which are believed will offer many applications in the near future. Contains the planar transmission lines with analytic formulas for multilayer microstrips, transmission lines, and waveguides with isotropic as well as anisotropic dielectric and magnetic materials. Also, gives the formulas to analyze the layered category of transmission lines with multiferroics. This book is intended for antenna and microwave engineers as well as for graduate students of Materials Science and Engineering, Electrical & Computer Engineering, and Physics Departments.

This textbook on quantum mechanics has been designed for use in two-semester undergraduate courses. It describes the basic concepts of quantum mechanics, explains the use of the mathematical formalism and provides illustrative examples of both concepts and methods. Although the aim is to enable students to master the use of quantum mechanics as a tool, the author also discusses the meaning of quantum concepts. To this end the book contains a variety of relevant examples, worked out in considerable detail, as well as a substantial number of pertinent problems and exercises. The latter will be extremely helpful, if not essential, for gaining a deep understanding and command of the subject. This book is based on the author's thirty years experience of teaching the subject.