Analog Circuit Design is based on the yearly Advances in Analog Circuit Design workshop. The aim of the workshop is to bring together designers of advanced analogue and RF circuits for the purpose of studying and discussing new possibilities and future developments in this field. Selected topics for AACD 2007 were: (1) Sensors, Actuators and Power Drivers for the Automotive and Industrial Environment; (2) Integrated PA's from Wireline to RF; (3) Very High Frequency Front Ends.

I have written this book to ?ll a void between theory and practice, a void that Iperceivedwhileconductingmyownresearchanddevelopmentofcomponents and instruments over the last ?ve years. In the chapters that follow I have pulled materials from the technical and patent literature that are relevant to the understanding and practice of polarization optics in telecommuni- tions, material that is often known by the respective experts in industry and academia but is rarely if ever found in one place. By bringing this material intoonemonograph, andbyapplyingasingleformalismthroughout, Ihopeto create a "base level" upon which future research and development can grow. Polarization optics in telecommunications is an ever-evolving ?eld. Each yearsigni?cantadvancementsaremade, punctuatedbyimportantdiscoveries. The references upon which this book is based are only a snap-shot in time. Areasthatremainunresolvedatthetimeofpublicationmayverywellbecl- i?ed in the years to come. Moreover, the focus of the ?eld changes in time: for instance, there have been few passive nonreciprocal component advancements reported in the last few years, but PMD and PDL advancement continues with only modest abatement.

High-speed Photodiodes in Standard CMOS Technology describes high-speed photodiodes in standard CMOS technology which allow monolithic integration of optical receivers for short-haul communication. For short haul communication the cost aspect is important, and therefore it is desirable that the optical receiver can be integrated in the same CMOS technology as the rest of the system. If this is possible then ultimately a singe-chip system including optical inputs becomes feasible, eliminating EMC and crosstalk problems, while data rate can be extremely high.

The problem of photodiodes in standard CMOS technology it that they have very limited bandwidth, allowing data rates up to only 50Mbit per second. High-speed Photodiodes in Standard CMOS Technology first analyzes the photodiode behaviour and compares existing solutions to enhance the speed. After this, the book introduces a new and robust electronic equalizer technique that makes data rates of 3Gb/s possible, without changing the manufacturing technology. The application of this technique can be found in short haul fibre communication, optical printed circuit boards, but also photodiodes for laser disks.

On May 16th 2007 the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Te- nology of the Technische Universitat .. Munchen .. bestowed the degree of the doctor honoris causa to Wolfgang J. R. Hoefer for Extraordinary achievements in the theory of electromagnetic elds. On this special occasion a symposium on Time Domain Methods in Modern Engineering Electrodynamics has been held in honor of P- fessor Wolfgang J. R. Hoefer at the Technische Universitat .. Munchen .. on May 16 and 17, 2007. The symposium topic was focused on the main area of research of Wolfgang J. R. Hoefer, the time domain methods in computational electromagnetics especially the transmission line matrix method and its applications. The transm- sion line matrix method has been developed and rst published by Johns and Beurle in 1971. In the past 20 years Wolfgang Hoefer has given exemplary contributions to the development of the transmission line method. Space and time discretizing time domain methods have emerged as key nume- cal methods in computational electromagnetics. Time domain methods are versatile and can be applied to the solution of wide range of electromagnetic eld pr- lems. Computing the response of an electromagnetic structure to an impulsive - citation localized in space and time provides a comprehensive characterization of the electromagnetic properties of the structure in a wide frequency range. The most important methods are the nite difference time domain and the transmission line matrix methods.

Astronomical Optics and Elasticity Theory provides a very thorough and comprehensive account of what is known in this field. After an extensive introduction to optics and elasticity, the book discusses variable curvature and multimode deformable mirrors, as well as, in depth, active optics, its theory and applications. Further, optical design utilizing the Schmidt concept and various types of Schmidt correctors, as well as the elasticity theory of thin plates and shells are elaborated upon. Several active optics methods are developed for obtaining aberration corrected diffraction gratings. Further, a weakly conical shell theory of elasticity is elaborated for the aspherization of grazing incidence telescope mirrors. The very didactic and fairly easy-to-read presentation of the topic will enable PhD students and young researchers to actively participate in challenging astronomical optics and instrumentation projects.

Well over a billion people are currently using cellular telephones, and this number is expected to grow to over two billion in the next few years. It is remarkable that a device that was considered a high-technology "toy" just a few years ago is now an indispensable feature of modern life. One of the key reasons for this remarkable transformation is the integration of all the radio functions of a cellular telephone onto a single inexpensive piece of silicon. This achievement is a result of innovations in design and process technology that allowed formerly discrete and separate devices to be integrated onto a common substrate.

Now that this integration has been accomplished, the next challenge is to make these radio functions adaptive to their environment. This "adaptive" feature of wireless communications devices is just today becoming a reality, and Adaptive Low-Power Circuits for Wireless Communications represents one of the first comprehensive treatments of the subject.

Adaptive radio transceivers require a comprehensive theoretical framework in order to optimize their performance. Adaptive Low-Power Circuits for Wireless Communications provides this framework with a discussion of joint optimization of Noise Figure and Input Intercept Point in receiver systems. Original techniques to optimize voltage controlled oscillators and low-noise amplifiers to minimize their power consumption while maintaining adequate system performance are also provided. The experimental results presented at the end of the book confirm the utility of the proposed techniques.

"European industry has already developed successful standards in the past, and I am very con?dent that on the basis of DVB-H, Mobile TV services can developtheeconomiesofscaletheyneedfortake-upacrossEuropeandaround the world," With these words of EU's Telecom Commissioner Viviane Reding, DVB-H is destined to be a dominating mobile TV technology in Europe and even in the world. I was ?rst getting in touch with the DVB technology when I was doing my PhD research in Brunel University in UK in 2002. At that time DVB-T was already a mature and widely used digital broadcast technology and anyone could easily buy a DVB-T receiver in the market to try the digital broadcast signals that have been already broadcasted in UK since 1998. Then the DVB technology world changed dramatically. As a more ?exible and robust terr- trial broadcast system targeting handsets, DVB-H was developed based on DVB-T. In 2003 the DVB-H community were continuously working to ?n- ize the standard. Finally in November 2004 DVB-H was adopted as an ETSI standard EN 302 304. I was lucky to see all these changes when I was doing my PhD research in DVB technology. And I was very proud to be involved in the di?erent DVB-H research projects since the beginning of the DVB-H standard development stage. I was also lucky enough that I am one of the ?rst persons who ?nished PhD degree by focusing on DVB-H research.

This book contains the ceremonials and the proceedings pertaining to the Int- national Symposium CCN2005 on "Complex Computing-Networks: A Link between Brain-like and Wave-Oriented Electrodynamics Algorithms," convened at Do ?u ? University of Istanbul, Turkey, on 13-14 June 2005, in connection with the bestowal of the honorary doctorate degrees on Professors Leopold B. Felsen and Leon O. Chua, for their extraordinary achievements in electromagnetics, and n- linear systems, respectively. The symposium was co-organized by Cem Goknar and Levent Sevgi, in consultation with Leopold B. Felsen and Leon O. Chua. Istanbul is a city with wonderful natural and historical surroundings, a city not only interconnecting Asia and Europe but also Eastern and Western cultures. Therefore, CCN2005 was a memorable event not only in the lifetime of Drs. Felsen, Chua, and their families, but also for all the other participants who were there to congratulate the recipients and participate in the symposium."

Reporting new results, this book covers the subject of biological effects of EMF in its entirety. Experimental verification of the theoretical results is given when at all possible, and the book is expected to open new areas of research, providing material for university course creation.

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are widely used in mobile communications, a rapidly evolving market. This book gives an overview on the latest SAW technologies with an emphasis on the design and simulation of devices, such as resonator-based devices employing the SH-type leaky SAW.

This is an introduction to noise, describing fundamental noise sources and basic circuit analysis, discussing characterization of low-frequency noise and offering practical advice that bridges concepts of noise theory and modelling, characterization, CMOS technology and circuits. The text offers the latest research, reviewing the most recent publications and conference presentations. The book concludes with an introduction to noise in analog/RF circuits and describes how low-frequency noise can affect these circuits.

Written from an industrial perspective this book discusses in detail the characteristics, design, construction, and performance of solid-state lasers. Emphasis is placed on engineering and practical considerations; phenomenological aspects using models are preferred to abstract mathematical derivations. Since its first edition almost 30 years ago this book has become the standard in the field of solid-state lasers for scientists, engineers and graduate students. This edition has been extensively revised and updated to account for recent developments in the areas of diode-laser pumping, laser materials and nonlinear crystals, and entire new sections have been added.

This book describes the analysis and design of precision temperature sensors in CMOS IC technology, focusing on so-called smart temperature sensors, which provide a digital output signal that can be readily interpreted by a computer. The text shows how temperature characteristics can be used to obtain an accurate digital temperature reading. The book ends with a detailed description of three prototypes, one of which achieves the best performance reported to date.

This highly practical and self-contained guidebook explains the principles and major applications of digital hologram recording and numerical reconstruction (Digital Holography).

A special chapter is designated to digital holographic interferometry with applications in deformation and shape measurement and refractive index determination.

Applications in imaging and microscopy are also described.

Spcial techniques such as digital light-in-flight holography, holographic endoscopy, information encrypting, comparative holography, and related techniques of speckle metrology are also treated

Prometheus brought fire to mankind Arthur R. von Hippel "Dielectrics and Waves," 1954 Our contribution? There are only few areas of research and development of a comparable scientific and technological extension as microwave and high frequency processing. "Pr- essing" means not only application of radiation of 300 MHz to 300 GHz f- quency to synthesis, heating or ionisation of matter but also generation, transm- sion and detection of microwave and radio frequency radiation. Microwave and high frequency sources positioned in the orbit are the foun- tion of modern satellite telecommunication systems, gyrotron tubes being pr- ently developed in different countries all over the world will most probably be the major devices to open up a new era of energy supply to mankind be means of - sion plasma. Although initiated by military purposes during the Second World War (RADAR, Radio Detection and Ranging), microwave and high frequency utilisation has spread over almost every important aspect of normal day life since than, from individual mobile phones and kitchen microwave ovens to industrial food processing, production of composites as sustainable building materials, green chemistry, medical applications and finally infrastructure installations like GPS and Galileo, to name only few examples. These different areas of microwave and high frequency radiation application can not be unified within one group of scientists and technologists. There are s- eral distinguished communities active e.g., in the area of telecommunication s- tems, strong microwaves for fusion plasma or plasma based materials processing.

This book provides a comprehensive and thorough treatment on fundamentals and applications of light propagation through inhomogeneous media. The authors present a description of the phenomena, components and technology used in GRIN Optics, and analyze various applications.

Recently, wireless LAN standards have emerged in the market. Those standards operate in various frequency ranges. To reduce component count, it is of importance to design a multi-mode frequency synthesizer that serves all wireless LAN standards including 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g standards. With different specifications for those standards, designing integer-based phase-locked loop frequency synthesizers can not be achieved. Fractional-N frequency synthesizers offer the solution required for a common multi-mode local oscillator. Those fractional-N synthesizers are based on delta-sigma modulators which in combination with a divider yield the fractional division required for the desired frequency of interest.

In CMOS Single Chip Fast Frequency Hopping Synthesizers for Wireless Multi-Gigahertz Applications, the authors outline detailed design methodology for fast frequency hopping synthesizers for RF and wireless communications applications. Great emphasis on fractional-N delta-sigma based phase locked loops from specifications, system analysis and architecture planning to circuit design and silicon implementation.

The book describes an efficient design and characterization methodology that has been developed to study loop trade-offs in both open and close loop modelling techniques. This is based on a simulation platform that incorporates both behavioral models and measured/simulated sub-blocks of the chosen frequency synthesizer. The platform predicts accurately the phase noise, spurious and switching performance of the final design. Therefore excellent phase noise and spurious performance can be achieved while meeting all the specified requirements. The design methodology reduces the need for silicon re-spin enabling circuit designers to directly meet cost, performance and schedule milestones.

The developed knowledge and techniques have been used in the successful design and implementation of two high speed multi-mode fractional-N frequency synthesizers for the IEEE 801.11a/b/g standards. Both synthesizer designs are described in details.

This book presents architectural and circuit techniques for wireless transceivers to achieve multistandard and low-voltage compliance. It provides an up-to-date survey and detailed study of the state-of-the-art transceivers for modern single- and multi-purpose wireless communication systems. The book includes comprehensive analysis and design of multimode reconfigurable receivers and transmitters for an efficient multistandard compliance.

Coherence, entanglement, and interference arise from quantum superposition, the most distinctive and puzzling feature of quantum physics. Silverman, whose extensive experimental and theoretical work has helped elucidate these processes, presents a clear and engaging discussion of the role of quantum superposition in diverse quantum phenomena such as the wavelike nature of particle propagation, indistinguishability of identical particles, nonlocal interactions of correlated particles, topological effects of magnetic fields, and chiral asymmetry in nature. He also examines how macroscopic quantum coherence may be able to extricate physics from its most challenging quandary, the collapse of a massive degenerate star to a singularity in space in which the laws of physics break down.

Explained by a physicist with a concern for clarity and experimental achievability, the extraordinary nature of quantum superposition will fascinate the reader not only for its apparent strangeness, but also for its comprehensibility.

This book presents a comprehensive overview of the latest technology developments in the field of Mobile Communications. It focuses on the fundamentals of mobile communications technology and systems, including the history and service evolution of mobile communications and environments. Further to this, CDMA technology including spread spectrum, orthogonal and PN codes are introduced. Other important aspects are included.

Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) stores and retrieves data using devices called RFID tags: objects attached to or incorporated into a product, animal or person which communicate with an RFID reader or interrogator. This book proposes a linear two-port model for an N-stage modified-Greinacher full wave rectifier, predicting the overall conversion efficiency at low power levels where the diodes are operating near their threshold voltage. Included is an experimental procedure to measure how impedance modulation in the tag affects the signal at the reader, and a useful tool for choosing the most appropriate impedances.

Heterogeneous wireless networking, which is sometimes referred to as the fourth-generation (4G) wireless, is a new frontier in the future wireless communications technology and there has been a growing interest on this topic among researchers and engineers in both academia and industry. This book will include a set of research and survey articles featuring the recent advances in theory and applications of heterogeneous wireless networking technology for the next generation (e.g., fourth generation) wireless communications systems. With the rapid growth in the number of wireless applications, services and devices, using a single wireless technology such as a second generation (2G) and third generation (3G) wireless system would not be efficient to deliver high speed data rate and quality-of-service (QoS) support to mobile users in a seamless way. Fourth generation (4G) wireless systems are devised with the vision of heterogeneity in which a mobile user/device will be able to connect to multiple wireless networks (e.g., WLAN, cellular, WMAN) simultaneously. This book intends to provide a unified view on the state-of-the-art of protocols and architectures for heterogeneous wireless networking. The contributed articles will cover both the theoretical concepts and system-level implementation issues related to design, analysis, and optimization of architectures and protocols for heterogeneous wireless access networks.

Magnetic materials can support propagating waves of magnetization; since these are oscillations in the magnetostatic properties of the material, they are called magnetostatic waves (sometimes magnons or magnetic polarons ). Under the proper circumstances these waves can exhibit, either dispersive or nondispersive, isotropic or anisotropic propagation, nonreciprocity, frequency-selective nonlinearities, soliton propagation, and chaotic behavior. This rich variety of behavior has led to a number of proposed applications in microwave and optical signal processing.

This book begins by introducing magnetism and discusses magnetic properties of materials, magnetic moments of atoms and ions, and the elements important to magnetism. It then goes on to cover magnetic susceptibilities, electromagnetic waves in anisotropic dispersive media, magnetostatic modes, and propagation characteristics and excitation of magnetostatic waves among other topics. There are problems at the end of each chapter, many of which serve to expand or explain the material in the text. The bibliographies for each chapter give an entry to the research literature. Spin Waves: Theory and Applications serves not only as an introduction to an active area of research, but also as a reference for workers in the field."

During the past ten years, there has been intensive development in theoretical and experimental research of solitons in periodic media. This book provides a unique and informative account of the state-of-the-art in the field. The volume opens with a review of the existence of robust solitary pulses in systems built as a periodic concatenation of very different elements. Among the most famous examples of this type of systems are the dispersion management in fiber-optic telecommunication links, and (more recently) photonic crystals. A number of other systems belonging to the same broad class of spatially periodic strongly inhomogeneous media (such as the split-step and tandem models) have recently been identified in nonlinear optics, and transmission of solitary pulses in them was investigated in detail. Similar soliton dynamics occurs in temporal-domain counterparts of such systems, where they are subject to strong time-periodic modulation (for instance, the Feshbach-resonance management in Bose-Einstein condensates). Basis results obtained for all these systems are reviewed in the book. This timely work will serve as a useful resource for the soliton community.

The approach adopted in Digital Synthesizers and Transmitters for Software Radio will provide an understanding of key areas in the field of digital synthesizers and transmitters. It is easy to include different digital techniques in the digital synthesizers and transmitters by using digital signal processing methods, because the signal is in digital form. By programming the digital synthesizers and transmitters, adaptive channel bandwidths, modulation formats, frequency hopping and data rates are easily achieved. Techniques such as digital predistortion for power amplifier linearization, digital compensation methods for analog I/Q modulator nonlinearities and digital power control and ramping are presented in this book. The flexibility of the digital synthesizers and transmitters makes them ideal as signal generators for software radio. Software radios represent a major change in the design paradigm for radios in which a large portion of the functionality is implemented through programmable signal processing devices, giving the radio the ability to change its operating parameters to accommodate new features and capabilities. A software radio approach reduces the content of radio frequency (RF) and other analog components of traditional radios and emphasizes digital signal processing to enhance overall transmitter flexibility. Software radios are emerging in commercial and military infrastructure.