The transmission speed of data communication systems is forecast to increase exponentially over the next decade. Development of both Si-based high-speed drivers as well as III-V-semiconductor-based high-speed vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) are prerequisites for future ultrahigh data-rate systems. This thesis presents: - a survey of the present state of the art of VCSELs - a systematic investigation of the various effects limiting present VCSELs - a catalogue of solutions to overcome present limits - detailed progress in modelling, fabricating and testing the currently most advanced VCSELs at the two commercially most important wavelengths.

"Integrated 60GHz RF Beamforming in CMOS "describes new concepts and design techniques that can be used for 60GHz phased array systems. First, general trends and challenges in low-cost high data-rate 60GHz wireless system are studied, and the phased array technique is introduced to improve the system performance. Second, the system requirements of phase shifters are analyzed, and different phased array architectures are compared. Third, the design and implementation of 60GHz passive and active phase shifters in a CMOS technology are presented. Fourth, the integration of 60GHz phase shifters with other key building blocks such as low noise amplifiers and power amplifiers are described in detail. Finally, this book describes the integration of a 60GHz CMOS amplifier and an antenna in a printed circuit-board (PCB) package.

Explore the latest research avenues in the field of high-power microwave sources and metamaterials A stand-alone follow-up to the highly successful High Power Microwave Sources and Technologies, the new High Power Microwave Sources and Technologies Using Metamaterials, demonstrates how metamaterials have impacted the field of high-power microwave sources and the new directions revealed by the latest research. It's written by a distinguished team of researchers in the area who explore a new paradigm within which to consider the interaction of microwaves with material media. Providing contributions from multiple institutions that discuss theoretical concepts as well as experimental results in slow wave structure design, this edited volume also discusses how traditional periodic structures used since the 1940s and 1950s can have properties that, until recently, were attributed to double negative metamaterial structures. The book also includes: A thorough introduction to high power microwave oscillators and amplifiers, as well as how metamaterials can be introduced as slow wave structures and other components Comprehensive explorations of theoretical concepts in dispersion engineering for slow wave structure design, including multi-transmission line models and particle-in-cell code virtual prototyping models Practical discussions of experimental measurements in dispersion engineering for slow wave structure design In-depth examinations of passive and active components, as well as the temporal evolution of electromagnetic fields High Power Microwave Sources and Technologies Using Metamaterials is a perfect resource for graduate students and researchers in the areas of nuclear and plasma sciences, microwaves, and antennas.

We have reached the double conclusion: that invention is choice, that this choice is imperatively governed by the sense of scientific beauty. Hadamard (1945), Princeton University Press, by permission. The great majority of all sources and amplifiers of microwave energy, and all devices for receiving or detecting microwaves, use a semiconductor active element. The development of microwave semiconductor devices, de scribed in this book, has proceeded from the simpler, two-terminal, devices such as GUNN or IMPATT devices, which originated in the 1960s, to the sophisticated monolithic circuit MESFET three-terminal active elements, of the 1980s and 1990s. The microwave field has experienced a renais sance in electrical engineering departments in the last few years, and much of this growth has been associated with microwave semiconductor devices. The University of Massachusetts has recently developed a well recognized program in microwave engineering. Much of the momentum for this pro gram has been provided by interaction with industrial companies, and the influx of a large number of industry-supported students. This program had a need for a course in microwave semiconductor devices, which covered the physical aspects, as well as the aspects of interest to the engineer who incorporates such devices in his designs. It was also felt that it would be im portant to introduce the most recently developed devices (HFETs, HBTs, and other advanced devices) as early as possible."

The Microwave Engineering Handbook provides the only complete reference available on microwave engineering. The three volumes of the handbook cover the entire field of microwave engineering, from basic components to system design. All entries in the handbook are written by experts in the area, bringing together an unrivalled collection of expertise on microwave technology. Volume 3: Microwave systems and applications provides a thorough introduction to the principal applications of microwave technology. Telecommunication, broadcasting, detection and ranging and scientific and industrial applications are covered with appendices on microwave measurement and frequency allocation. This volume shows the range of current and developing applications for microwave technology and will enable readers to appreciate the variety of applications and the requirements for the various system types.

The book presents information about Terahertz science, Terahertz photodetectors and Terahertz Lasers. A special emphasis is given to room temperature operation of long wavelength photodetectors based on novel quantum dots (Centered Defect Spherical Quantum Dots). Moreover, a complete analysis of systems based on Quantum Cascade structures to detect far infrared wavelengths is provided. Finally, the book presents Terahertz laser principles considering multi-color lasers in this range of wavelengths. Written as a background for graduate students in the Optics field.

This book presents the application of the overlapping grids approach to solve chiral material problems using the FDFD method. Due to the two grids being used in the technique, we will name this method as Double-Grid Finite Difference Frequency-Domain (DG-FDFD) method. As a result of this new approach the electric and magnetic field components are defined at every node in the computation space. Thus, there is no need to perform averaging during the calculations as in the aforementioned FDFD technique [16]. We formulate general 3D frequency-domain numerical methods based on double-grid (DG-FDFD) approach for general bianisotropic materials. The validity of the derived formulations for different scattering problems has been shown by comparing the obtained results to exact and other solutions obtained using different numerical methods. Table of Contents: Introduction / Chiral Media / Basics of the Finite-Difference Frequency-Domain (FDFD) Method / The Double-Grid Finite-Difference Frequency-Domain (DG-FDFD) Method for Bianisotropic Medium / Scattering FromThree Dimensional Chiral Structures / ImprovingTime and Memory Efficiencies of FDFD Methods / Conclusions / Appendix A: Notations / Appendix B: Near to Far FieldTransformation

Semiconductor heterostructure devices, such as Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (HBTs) and High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs), are among the fastest and most advanced high-frequency devices. The topic of this book is the physical modeling of modern submicron heterostructure devices. In particular, a detailed discussion of models and parameters for compound semiconductors is presented. Based on the comprehensive modeling more than 25 simulation examples for several different types of Si(Ge)-based, GaAs-based, InP-based, and GaN-based HEMTs and HBTs are shown in comparison with experimental data from state-of-the-art devices. Device-specific optimization potentials are discussed systematically. This book is of interest for device and circuit designers in semiconductor development and industry. It is strongly recommended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, for researchers in the field of electrical engineering and solid-state physics, for TCAD users and developers, and for researchers who are looking for practical application of their scientific work.

This book is volume II of a series of books on silicon photonics. It gives a fascinating picture of the state-of-the-art in silicon photonics from a component perspective. It presents a perspective on what can be expected in the near future. It is formed from a selected number of reviews authored by world leaders in the field, and is written from both academic and industrial viewpoints. An in-depth discussion of the route towards fully integrated silicon photonics is presented. This book will be useful not only to physicists, chemists, materials scientists, and engineers but also to graduate students who are interested in the fields of micro- and nanophotonics and optoelectronics.

Ever since their invention in 1960, lasers have assumed tremendous importance in the fields of science, engineering and technology because of their use both in basic research and in various technological applications. Lasers: Theory and Applications 2nd Edition will provide a coherent presentation of the basic physics behind the working of the laser along with some of their most important applications. Numerical examples are scattered throughout the book for helping the student gain a better appreciation of the concepts and problems at the end of each chapter and provides the student a better understanding of the basics and help in applying the concepts to practical situations. This book serves as a text in a course on lasers and their applications for students majoring in various disciplines such as Physics, Chemistry and Electrical Engineering.

Designed for non-specialists, this easy-to-read new edition provides a comprehensive and coherent account of static electric phenomena and concepts based on a mathematical-physical approach. It has been updated to include new and expanded material ranging from charge decay to electrostatic measurements.

This book is the result of the contributions coming from the more than thirty key rd speakers of the 3 international Workshop on Nonlinear Microwave Magnetics held in th Roma, Italy from the 3rd to the 6 of October 1995. Since the 1990, in Ulyanovsk, when the Russian Academy of Sciences promoted the first Workshop of the series, the basic idea was to have a sort of Institutional Meeting collecting Scientists of the Magnetics Community devoted to Spin Wave Electronics at Microwave Frequencies. It was a succesful organization, and the birth of an effective interaction between eastern and western researchers overcame the meaning of the Workshop itself. Three years later, in Irvine, California, 1993, the Spin Wave Community was joined again. It was clear that the growing interest on hot topics of Nonlinear Microwave Magnetics involving both, applicative and fundamental aspects of microwave magnetic media, favoured the organization of further meetings on the same subject. So far, during the social dinner, in the middle between a serious proposal and the joke encouraged by the Californian Wine, Roma was proposed as the third place for the Workshop. Day after day, the joke became serious, and it was possible to solve the financial and logistic problems in time for the predicted deadline.

Magnetostatic Waves and their Applications is the first book devoted to magnetostatic waves. The book gives a thorough review of the field suitable for scientists, engineers and advanced students involved in magnetism and microwave electronics new to this area. It covers the field from essential physics to applications in microwave electronics, with details of the materials and materials processing methods included.

Microwave Physics and Techniques discusses the modelling and application of nonlinear microwave circuits and the problems of microwave electrodynamics and applications of magnetic and high Tc superconductor structures. Aspects of advanced methods for the structural investigation of materials and of MW remote sensing are also considered. The dual focus on both HTSC MW device physics and MW excitation in ferrites and magnetic films will foster the interaction of specialists in these different fields.

The Handbook of Modern Ferromagnetic Materials is an up-to-the-minute compendium of all ferromagnetic materials, metallic and ceramic, intended for electrical and electronic applications. Coverage of the newest and most economically important materials (soft ferrites, the rare-earth magnet alloys, amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys) is extensive. The distinctive feature of this book is its correlation of basic material properties (metallurgical and ceramic) with their magnetic characteristics and eventually to the choice in an application. Unique to this work is information on the many magnetic components into which these materials can be formed and the pertinent design data. Another useful feature is the criteria (quality, stability and economic) for selection of a particular material. Included are the mechanical, thermal and physical properties of these materials. The author not only presents the latest information from suppliers and magnetism conferences but includes a section on new materials (e.g. colossal magnetostriction materials) being developed but not yet available.The format is arranged according to frequency of operation, which turns out to be almost concurrent with the application. Thus, direct current applications are considered first, then low frequency line power, followed by applications at increasing frequencies up to microwave uses. This anthology of ferromagnetic materials is an essential reference work for electrical and electronic designers and materials scientists. It may also serve as a text for a magnetic materials course and as a materials guide for purchasing agents and technical executives.

This book presents an introduction to the principles of the fast Fourier transform. This book covers FFTs, frequency domain filtering, and applications to video and audio signal processing.

As fields like communications, speech and image processing, and related areas are rapidly developing, the FFT as one of essential parts in digital signal processing has been widely used. Thus there is a pressing need from instructors and students for a book dealing with the latest FFT topics.

This book provides thorough and detailed explanation of important or up-to-date FFTs. It also has adopted modern approaches like MATLAB examples and projects for better understanding of diverse FFTs.

Infrared Thermography gives a thorough introduction to the principles, techniques, and applications of infrared imaging systems. With its comprehensive coverage and applications orientation, this book provides an ideal tutorial introduction to engineers and scientists interested in applying infrared thermography.

The growth of Internet traf?c in recent years surpassed the prediction of one decade ago. Data stream in individual countries already reached terabit/s level. To cope with the petabit class demands of traf?c in coming years the communication engineers are required to go beyond the incremental improvement of today's technology. A most promising breakthrough would be the introduction of modulation f- mats enabling higher spectral ef?ciency than that of binary on-off keying scheme, virtually the global standard of ?ber-optic communication systems. In wireless communication systems, techniques of high spectral density modulation have been well developed, but the required techniques in optical frequency domain are much more complicated because of the heavier ?uctuation levels. Therefore the past trials of coherent optical modulation/detection schemes were not successful. However, the addition of high-speed digital signal processing technology is the fundam- tal difference between now and two decades ago, when trials of optical coherent communication systems were investigated very seriously. This approach of digital coherent technology has attracted keen interest among communication specialists, as indicated by the rapid increase in the pioneering presentations at the post-deadline sessions of major international conferences. For example, 32 terabit/s transmission in a ?ber experiment based on this technology was reported in post-deadline session of Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC) 2009. The advancement of the digital coherent technologies will inevitably affect the network architecture in terms of the network resource management for the new generation photonic networks, rather than will simply provide with huge transmission capacity.

The purpose of WNIS 2009, the 2009 International Conference on Wireless N- works and Information Systems, is to bring together researchers, engineers and practitioners interested on information systems and applications in the context of wireless networks and mobile technologies. Information systems and information technology are pervasive in the whole communications field, which is quite vast, encompassing a large number of research topics and applications: from practical issues to the more abstract th- retical aspects of communication; from low level protocols to high-level netwo- ing and applications; from wireless networking technologies to mobile infor- tion systems; many other topics are included in the scope of WNIS 2009. The WNIS 2009 will be held in Shanghai, China, in December 2009. We cordially invite you to attend the 2009 International Conference on Wireless N- works and Information Systems. We are soliciting papers that present recent results, as well as more speculative presentations that discuss research challenges, define new applications, and propose methodologies for evaluating and the road map for achieving the vision of wireless networks and mobile technologies. The WNIS 2009 is co-sponsored by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, the IEEE Shanghai Section, the Intelligent Information Technology Application Research Association, Hong Kong and Wuhan Institute of Techn- ogy, China. The purpose of the WNIS 2009 is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia, industry, and government to exchange their research ideas and results and to discuss the state of the art in the areas of the symposium.

Electronic oscillators using an electromechanical device as a frequency reference are irreplaceable components of systems-on-chip for time-keeping, carrier frequency generation and digital clock generation. With their excellent frequency stability and very large quality factor Q, quartz crystal resonators have been the dominant solution for more than 70 years. But new possibilities are now offered by micro-electro-mechanical (MEM) resonators, that have a qualitatively identical equivalent electrical circuit. Low-Power Crystal and MEMS Oscillators concentrates on the analysis and design of the most important schemes of integrated oscillator circuits. It explains how these circuits can be optimized by best exploiting the very high Q of the resonator to achieve the minimum power consumption compatible with the requirements on frequency stability and phase noise. The author has 40 years of experience in designing very low-power, high-performance quartz oscillators for watches and other battery operated systems and has accumulated most of the material during this period. Some additional original material related to phase noise has been added. The explanations are mainly supported by analytical developments, whereas computer simulation is limited to numerical examples. The main part is dedicated to the most important Pierce circuit, with a full design procedure illustrated by examples. Symmetrical circuits that became popular for modern telecommunication systems are analyzed in a last chapter.

Electronic structure and physical properties of strongly correlated materials containing elements with partially filled 3d, 4d, 4f and 5f electronic shells is analyzed by Dynamical Mean-Field Theory (DMFT). DMFT is the most universal and effective tool used for the theoretical investigation of electronic states with strong correlation effects. In the present book the basics of the method are given and its application to various material classes is shown. The book is aimed at a broad readership: theoretical physicists and experimentalists studying strongly correlated systems. It also serves as a handbook for students and all those who want to be acquainted with fast developing filed of condensed matter physics.

Recent advances in our understanding of complex composite media, especially chiral media for microwave applications, suggest the feasibility of creating novel materials with unusual properties and the possibility of constructing new microwave devices using such materials. The emphasis of the book is on bi-anisotropic materials, whose most interesting feature is the magnetoelectric interaction of the fields. The materials are expected to supply useful applications in radar technology, aerospace, microwave engineering, manufacturing technology, etc., such as absorbers for low-reflectivity shields, reciprocal phase shifters, polarization transformers. The first experiments with artificial bi-anisotropic media have been successfully carried out.

Introduction to Avionic Systems, Second Edition explains the principles and theory of modern avionic systems and how they are implemented with current technology for both civil and military aircraft. The systems are analysed mathematically, where appropriate, so that the design and performance can be understood. The book covers displays and man-machine interaction, aerodynamics and aircraft control, fly-by-wire flight control, inertial sensors and attitude derivation, navigation systems, air data and air data systems, autopilots and flight management systems, avionic systems integration and unmanned air vehicles.

About the Author. Dick Collinson has had "hands-on" experience of most of the systems covered in this book and, as Manager of the Flight Automation Research Laboratory of GEC-Marconi Avionics Ltd. (now part of BAE Systems Ltd.), led the avionics research activities for the company at Rochester, Kent for many years.

He was awarded the Silver Medal of the Royal Aeronautical Society in 1989 for his contribution to avionic systems research and development.

The application of computational electromagnetics to real-world EMI/EMC engineering is an emerging technology. With the advancement in electronics, EMI/EMC issues have greatly increased in complexity. As a result, it is no longer possible to rely exclusively on traditional techniques and expect cost-effective solutions. The first edition of this book introduced computational electromagnetics to EMI/EMC engineering. This second edition continues the introduction of computational electromagnetics to EMI/EMC engineering, but also adds new modeling techniques, namely the Partial Element Equivalent Circuit method and the Transmission Line Matrix method, and updates to the science of EMI/EMC modeling that have occurred since the first edition was published. This book combines the essential elements of electromagnetic theory, computational techniques, and EMI/EMC engineering as they apply to computational modeling for EMI/EMC applications. It is intended to provide an understanding for those interested in incorporating modeling techniques in their work. A variety of modeling techniques are needed for anyone interested in using computational modeling in the real world. This book includes an introduction of all the popular modeling techniques, such as the Finite-Difference Time-Domain method, the Method of Moments, the Finite Element Method, the Partial Element Equivalent Circuit method and the Transmission Line Matrix method. EMI/EMC Computational Modeling Handbook, Second Edition will serve many different levels of readers. It will serve as a basic introduction to modeling as applied to EMI/EMC problems for the engineer interested in getting started, and it will help the person already using modeling as a tool to become more effective in using different modeling techniques. It will also be useful for the engineer who is familiar with computational techniques and wishes to apply them to EMI/EMC applications. This book can also be used as a text to help students of electromagnetic theory and application better understand real-world challenges facing engineers.

Provides the state of the art of modelling, simulation and calculation methods for electromagnetic fields and waves and their application.