This cross-disciplinary title features contributions by key-note specialists from Europe, Israel and the United States. It deals with the rapidly growing area of microwave photonics, and includes an extended study of the interactions between optical signals and microwave and millimetre-wave electrical signals for broadband applications.

This book describes the analysis and design of precision temperature sensors in CMOS IC technology, focusing on so-called smart temperature sensors, which provide a digital output signal that can be readily interpreted by a computer. The text shows how temperature characteristics can be used to obtain an accurate digital temperature reading. The book ends with a detailed description of three prototypes, one of which achieves the best performance reported to date.

Optical and photonic systems and devices have significant potential for homeland security. "Optical Imaging Sensors and Systems for Homeland Security Applications" presents original and significant technical contributions from leaders of industry, government, and academia in the field of optical and photonic sensors, systems and devices for detection, identification, prevention, sensing, security, verification and anti-counterfeiting. The chapters have recent and technically significant results, ample illustrations, figures, and key references. This book is intended for engineers and scientists in the relevant fields, graduate students, industry managers, university professors, government managers, and policy makers.

This is an introduction to noise, describing fundamental noise sources and basic circuit analysis, discussing characterization of low-frequency noise and offering practical advice that bridges concepts of noise theory and modelling, characterization, CMOS technology and circuits. The text offers the latest research, reviewing the most recent publications and conference presentations. The book concludes with an introduction to noise in analog/RF circuits and describes how low-frequency noise can affect these circuits.

This book investigates solutions, benefits, limitations, and costs associated with multi-standard operation of RF front-ends and their ability to adapt to variable radio environments. Next, it highlights the optimization of RF front-ends to allow maximum performance within a certain power budget, while targeting full integration. Finally, the book investigates possibilities for low-voltage, low-power circuit topologies in CMOS technology.

I have written this book to ?ll a void between theory and practice, a void that Iperceivedwhileconductingmyownresearchanddevelopmentofcomponents and instruments over the last ?ve years. In the chapters that follow I have pulled materials from the technical and patent literature that are relevant to the understanding and practice of polarization optics in telecommuni- tions, material that is often known by the respective experts in industry and academia but is rarely if ever found in one place. By bringing this material intoonemonograph, andbyapplyingasingleformalismthroughout, Ihopeto create a "base level" upon which future research and development can grow. Polarization optics in telecommunications is an ever-evolving ?eld. Each yearsigni?cantadvancementsaremade, punctuatedbyimportantdiscoveries. The references upon which this book is based are only a snap-shot in time. Areasthatremainunresolvedatthetimeofpublicationmayverywellbecl- i?ed in the years to come. Moreover, the focus of the ?eld changes in time: for instance, there have been few passive nonreciprocal component advancements reported in the last few years, but PMD and PDL advancement continues with only modest abatement.

This book presents the practical motivation, theoretical description, and extant techniques for traffic grooming in optical networks. The description of the various topics of research will be authored by leading researchers in this area, and will contain comprehensive description of related literature for each area. This book is intended to be a definitive reference and text for traffic grooming both for the practitioner in industry and the student in academia.

Over the last decade a number of research areas have contributed to the concept of advanced intelligent environments, these include ubiquitous computing, pervasive computing, embedded intelligence, intelligent user interfaces, human factors, intelligent buildings, mobile communications, domestic robots, intelligent sensors, artistic and architectural design and ambient intelligence. Undeniably, multimodal spoken language dialogue interaction is a key factor in ensuring natural interaction and therefore of particular interest for advanced intelligent environments. It will therefore represent one focus of the proposed book. The book will cover all key topics in the field of intelligent environments from a variety of leading researchers. It will bring together several perspectives in research and development in the area.

Presentation of background material of wireless communications, traffic modeling and traffic engineering techniques.

Provides descriptions of upcoming features such as IP multimedia subsystems, multimedia broadcast/multicast services and Push-to-Talk over Cellular (PoC) for 3G networks

Including problems at the end of each chapter

Written for lecturers, graduate students and system designers

This book details parametric down-conversion for the generation of non-classical state of light and its applications in generating various kinds of quantum entanglement among multiple photons from parametric down-conversion. It presents applications of the principle of quantum interference to multi-photon systems. The book also details continuous variable entanglement and various types of multi-photon interference effects.

This book is devoted to physical bases of magnetoelectronic millimetric waves. Magnetoelectronic represents a direction on a joint of physics of the magnetic phenomenainmagnetoarrangedenvironments, radiophysicsofwaveandoscilla- ? toryprocessesinlayeredscreenedbigirotropic(tensorsdielectric ? andmagnetic ? ? penetrabilities) structures, semi-conductor microelectronics and circuitry. The millimetric range gives the certain speci?city to researches. It, ?rst of all: losses andtheirgrowthwithfrequencyinspendingscreensandthemetallizedcoverings, dielectrics, semi-conductor layers, ferrite, increase in effective internal magnetic ?elds and ?elds bias, reduction of the geometrical sizes of coverings, structures andtougheningofadmissionsbymanufacturingandtheassembly, newmethodsof diagnosticsof?lmstructuresofferrite, includingnotdestroying. Promotionofresearcheswasspenttoamillimetricrangeindirections: - Developmentsofmethodsofthetheoreticalanalysisforstudyingpropertiesof varioustypesofconverters; - Developmentofvariouskindsandtypesofconverters; - Development of methods of researches of properties of waves at excitation, receptionanddistributioninlayeredstructuresofvariouskinds; - Carryingoutofexperimentalresearches; - Developmentofmethodsandmeansofnotdestroyingcontrolofparametersof ?lmstructuresofferrite; - Developmentoperatedmagnetoelectronicstructuresanddevicesoflowandhigh levelsofcapacity. In such order the theoretical and experimental material received is stated in thebook.Theseriouscontributiontoseparateresearcheshavebrought: thesenior scienti?cemployee, Dr.LepestkinA.N.(experiment, physicalmodelling);thes- enti?cemployee, Dr.MostovojA.A.(thetheory, physicalmodelling);theyounger scienti?c employee, Dr. Beginin E.N. (programming, calculations, experiments, laboratorybreadboardmodels). The basic sections of the book were read to students of physical faculty of the Saratov State University by it. In a special course "Magnetoelectronics of v vi Foreword microwaveandextremelyhighfrequencies"alsowereaccompaniedbyN.G.Cher- shevskogoincorrespondinglaboratoryinstallations, developedincourseanddegree worksofstudents. The second part of the book - "Heteromagnetic microelectronics (magne- electronics of the active devices)" which is in a stage of a writing and dev- opment of a problem, is devoted to a new direction on creation of multipurpose operated microdevices, the microsystems which are carrying out ?nished fu- tionson formationof variouskindsand spectra of signals in transistor-magnetic, ferrite-semi-conductorstructures(strengthenings, generation, mixture, parametrical effects, multiplication, division, frequencymodulation, magnetosensitivemodes).

The idea for this manual was created by the author and Birgit Hannemann (now Professor at the University of Applied Sciences, Bremen, Germany) as an internal catalogue of results of several years of investigations at the Chemnitz University of Technology, Germany. At this base supplying investigations and the elabo- tion of the manuscript were supported by the Stiftung Industrieforschung, Bonn, Germany. In the course of this the coworkers of the author Eva Gartner, Steffi Kronert and Cornelia Kowol were directly involved. All the SEM pictures result from preparations performed at the Centre of - crotechnologies at the Chemnitz University of Technology (Head: Prof. Thomas Gessner). The author and his coworkers wish to express their thanks to Wolfgang Brauer (mask design), Norbert Zichner (processes), Iris Hobelt (SEM pictures) and the student Karin Preissler (manuscript layout support). In particular thanks are due to the Stiftung Industrieforschung for the financial support and to the Springer V- lag for the edition of this manual."

This is one of the first books on the emerging research topic of digital compensation of RF imperfections. The book presents a new multidisciplinary vision on the design of wireless communication systems. In this approach the imperfections of the RF front-ends are accepted and digital signal processing algorithms are designed to suppress their impact on system performance. The book focuses on multiple-antenna orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO OFDM).

This volume addresses the problem of designing efficient signalling and provides a link between the areas of communication theory and modem design for amplitude constrained linear optical intensity channel. It provides practical guidelines for the design of signalling sets for wireless optical intensity channels.

This book provides a comprehensive and thorough treatment on fundamentals and applications of light propagation through inhomogeneous media. The authors present a description of the phenomena, components and technology used in GRIN Optics, and analyze various applications.

Covering the development of field computation in the past forty years, this book is a concise, comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to methods for the analysis and synthesis of electric and magnetic fields. A broad view of the subject of field models in electricity and magnetism, ranging from basic theory to numerical applications, is offered. The approach throughout is to solve field problems directly from partial differential equations in terms of vector quantities.

The deployment of high-order modulation formats in optical fiber transmission systems is presently seen as a promising way of increasing spectral efficiency and of making better use of the capacity of currently existing fiber infrastructure. Catering to this interest, this book presents possible ways of generating and detecting optical signals with high-order phase and quadrature amplitude modulation and characterizes their system and transmission properties.

Several implementation options for high-order modulation optical transmitters are possible. Their optical and electrical parts are described and their individual signal properties are discussed. Receiver concepts with direct detection, homodyne differential detection and homodyne synchronous detection are illustrated, starting with optical frontends and ending with concrete data recovery. The description of transmitters and receivers provided in the first part of the book not only helps to demonstrate their functioning, but also allows their complexity and practicability to be estimated and compared.

To advance understanding of the system and transmission behavior of high-order modulation formats for optical fiber transmission, various system parameters such as noise performances, optimal receiver filter bandwidths, required laser linewidths and the chromatic dispersion and self phase modulation tolerances of a wide range of modulation formats are highlighted in the second part of the book, considering different line codes and many transmitter and receiver configurations. Currently, the determination of attainable transmission distances for multi-span long-haul transmission using high-order modulation formats represents an exciting field of research. Recent results in this area are also covered by this book.

This monograph is intended for students and researchers in the field of optical communications, as well as for system designers who want to learn about the properties and complexity of optical systems employing high-order modulation.

This book presents recent and important developments in the field of terahertz radiation, with a particular focus on pulsed terahertz radiation. Situated in the gap between electronics and optics, the terahertz frequency range of the electro-magnetic spectrum has long been neglected by scientists and engineers due to a lack of efficient and affordable terahertz sources and detectors. The advent of femtosecond lasers in the 1980s and photoconductive switches in 1984 have made the terahertz gap accessible, while at the same time advances in electronics and optics have made it narrower. Research activities in terahertz frequencies have intensified dramatically since that time, funding has increased by a factor of 100 in the last decade. The reviews by leading experts are of interest to researchers and engineers as well as advanced students.

NFC geht aus der Kombination von kontaktloser Smart Card Identifikation und RFReader Technologie hervor. Es handelt sich um eine systematische Weiterentwicklung von RFID, die vor allem auf den Endverbrauchermarkt abzielt.

Das Buch NFC-Near Field Communication ist das Standardwerk zur NFCTechnologie. Es bietet einen umfassenden Aoeberblick A1/4ber Anwendungen und Technik des gesamten Themengebietes. FA1/4r Praxis und Ausbildung kann es sowohl als EinfA1/4hrung sowie als Grundlagen- und Nachschlagswerk dienen.

Ziel des Buches ist es, einen umfassenden Aoeberblick A1/4ber Grundlagen, Technik und Anwendungsszenarien von NFC zu gegeben. Hierzu wird zu Beginn NFC der klassischen RFID Technologie gegenA1/4bergestellt und Unterscheidungsmerkmale erArtert. Neben physikalischen Grundlagen der Aoebertragungstechnik wird auch detailliert auf die Protokolle fA1/4r die unterschiedlichen Operationsmodi eingegangen. Im Buch wird auch auf der aktuelle Stand der Normung von NFC diskutiert. Ein weiterer wichtiger Aspekt von NFC - die Sicherheitsthematik - findet in einem gesonderten Kapitel ihren Niederschlag. Auch zahlreiche Anwendungen, die einen praxisnahen Einblick in die Umsetzung der Technologie geben, werden erlAutert (z.B. Smart Poster, Zahlungsverkehr, Zutritt). Ein Aoeberblick A1/4ber Hersteller und EndgerAte sowie Gremien und Institute, die sich mit NFC beschAftigen, findet sich im Anhang.

V.C.A. Ferraro: Diffusion of ions in a plasma with applications to the ionosphere.- P.C. Kendall: On the diffusion in the atmosphere and ionosphere.-F. Henin: Kinetic equations and Brownian motion.- T. Kahan: Th orie des r acteurs nucl aires: m thodes de r solution perturbationnelles, interactives et variationnelles.- C. Cattaneo: Sulla conduzione del calore.- C. Agostinelli: Formule di Green per la diffusione del campo magnetico in un fluido elettricamente conduttore.- A. Pignedoli: Transformational methods applied to some one-dimensional problems concerning the equations of the neutron transport theory.- A. Pignedoli: On the rigorous analysis of the problem of neutron transport in a slab geometry and on some other results.- G. Sestini: Principi di massimo per le soluzioni di equazioni paraboliche.

This book focuses on practical computational electrodynamics, guiding the reader step-by-step through the modeling process from the initial "what question must the model answer?," through the setting up of a computer model, to post processing, validation and optimization. The book offers a realistic view of the capabilities and limits of current 3-D field simulators and how to apply this knowledge efficiently to EM analysis and design of RF applications in modern communication systems.

Deployment of Rare Earth Materials in Microware Devices, RF Transmitters, and Laser Systems describes the deployment of rare earth materials that offer significant improvement in the RF performance, reliability, weight, and size of microwave devices, RF transmitters, and laser systems. RF components, microware transmitters, laser systems, and special timing devices are described, with an emphasis on improvement in the performance parameters.

If you are an engineer or RF designer working with wireless transmitter power amplifier models, this comprehensive and up-to-date review of nonlinear theory and power amplifier modeling techniques is an absolute must-have. Including a detailed treatment of nonlinear theory, as well as chapters on memory effects, implementation in commercial circuit simulators, and validation, this one-stop reference makes power amplifier modeling more accessible by connecting the mathematics with the practicalities of RF power amplifier design. Uniquely, the book explains how systematically to evaluate a model s accuracy and validity, compares model types and offers recommendations as to which model to use in which situation.

Faseroptische Komponenten und Systeme sind heute unverzichtbar im Bereich der Datenubertragung, der Sensorik und Messtechnik, der Materialbearbeitung und in der Medizintechnik. Bei hohen Lichtleistungen in Glasfasern mit kleinen Querschnitten treten dabei nichtlineare optische Effekte auf, die in einigen Anwendungen gezielt genutzt werden konnen, aber in anderen Fallen storend sind.

Aufbauend auf den Grundlagen der linearen Ausbreitung von Lichtwellen in Glasfasern werden in diesem Buch die nichtlinearen faseroptischen Effekte grundlegend und systematisch behandelt. Schwerpunkte sind dabei die Auswirkungen und Anwendungen der stimulierten Raman- und Brillouin-Streuung. Spezielle Aspekte der nichtlinearen Faseroptik werden am Beispiel der Raman-Faserlaser vertieft.

Das Buch zeichnet sich durch fundierte theoretische Grundlagen, Angabe reprasentativer Zahlenwerte und anschauliche Beispiele aus. In kurzen Exkursen werden Zusammenhange aufgezeigt und weiterfuhrende Informationen gegeben. Zahlreiche Literaturangaben ermoglichen eine selbststandige weitere Vertiefung in einzelne Themen."

A timely and thorough overview of the state of the art of microwave transistors

Since the invention of the bipolar transistor in 1947, semiconductor electronics has been advancing and evolving at an enormous pace. Most of the attention has been focused on Si VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) technology, the backbone of the consumer semiconductor electronics industry. Microwave transistors went almost unnoticed until the early 1980s because they were primarily utilized in military and space applications. The recent far-reaching upheavals in civil communications technology–especially wireless communication such as cell phones–have thrust microwave transistor technology into the limelight as never before.

Modern Microwave Transistors: Theory, Design, and Performance prepares the engineer with a wide-ranging introduction and overview of microwave transistors. Written by two acknowledged experts, this guide to one of the fastest growing fields in semiconductor electronics offers insight into:

• History and concepts of microwave transistors
• Semiconductor and heterostructure physics
• Properties of the semiconductor materials used in microwave transistors, such as Si, SiGe, III-V compounds, and III-nitrides
• Device structures, analysis, and design of the different types of microwave transistors including MESFETs, HEMTs, MOSFETs, BJTs, and HBTs
• State-of-the-art performance of microwave transistors
• Current and emerging applications of microwave transistors

A timely and comprehensive contribution to the field, Modern Microwave Transistors is an unmatched resource for RF, device, circuit and wireless communications engineers, and others with an interest in transistor technology. It will also be useful for students in the field of semiconductor and microwave electronics.