This is a comprehensive tutorial on the emerging technology of free-space laser communications (FSLC). The book offers an all-inclusive source of information on the basics of FSLC, and a review of state-of-the-art technologies. Coverage includes atmospheric effects for laser propagation and FSLC systems performance and design. Free-Space Laser Communications is a valuable resource for engineers, scientists and students interested in laser communication systems designed for the atmospheric optical channel.

Ad-Hoc Networking Towards Seamless Communications is dedicated to an area that attracts growing interest in academia and industry and concentrates on wireless ad hoc networking paradigm. The persistent efforts to acquire the ability to establish dynamic wireless connections from anywhere to anyone with any device without prerequisite imbedded infrastructure move the communications boundaries towards ad-hoc networks. Recently, ad hoc networking has attracted growing interest due to advances in wireless communications, and developed framework for running IP based protocols. The expected degree of penetration of these networks will depend on the successful resolution of the key features.
Ad-hoc networks pose many complex and open problems for researchers. Ad-Hoc Networking Towards Seamless Communications reveals the state-of-the-art in wireless ad-hoc networking and discusses some of the key research topics that are expected to promote and accelerate the commercial applications of these networks (e.g., MAC, routing, QoS, cross-layer optimization issues, service discovery, mobility, handovers, security).

This book was undertaken to provide a text and reference on the theory and practice of the FFT and its common usage. This book is organized in only four chapters, and is intended as a tutorial on the use of the FFf and its trade space. The trade space of the FFT is the parameters in its usage and the relationships between them - the sampie rate, the total number of points or the interval over which processing occurs in a single FFf, the selectivity of tuning to a given frequency over signals out-of-band, and the bandwidth over which a signal appears. The examples given in this text are in FORTRAN 9512003. FORTRAN 2003 was frozen as a standard while this work was in progress. The listings given here are intended as an aid in understanding the FFT and associated algorithms such as spectral window weightings, with the goal of making the best of them more accessible to the reader. The code I use here provides a simple bridge between the material in the text and implementation in FORTRAN 2003, C++, Java, MATLAB (c), and other modem languages. The examples are sufficiently simple to be translated into older languages such as C and FORTRAN 77 if desired.

Optical and photonic systems and devices have significant potential for homeland security. "Optical Imaging Sensors and Systems for Homeland Security Applications" presents original and significant technical contributions from leaders of industry, government, and academia in the field of optical and photonic sensors, systems and devices for detection, identification, prevention, sensing, security, verification and anti-counterfeiting. The chapters have recent and technically significant results, ample illustrations, figures, and key references. This book is intended for engineers and scientists in the relevant fields, graduate students, industry managers, university professors, government managers, and policy makers.

This volume addresses the problem of designing efficient signalling and provides a link between the areas of communication theory and modem design for amplitude constrained linear optical intensity channel. It provides practical guidelines for the design of signalling sets for wireless optical intensity channels.

Covering the development of field computation in the past forty years, this book is a concise, comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to methods for the analysis and synthesis of electric and magnetic fields. A broad view of the subject of field models in electricity and magnetism, ranging from basic theory to numerical applications, is offered. The approach throughout is to solve field problems directly from partial differential equations in terms of vector quantities.

Analog Circuit Design is based on the yearly Advances in Analog Circuit Design workshop. The aim of the workshop is to bring together designers of advanced analogue and RF circuits for the purpose of studying and discussing new possibilities and future developments in this field. Selected topics for AACD 2007 were: (1) Sensors, Actuators and Power Drivers for the Automotive and Industrial Environment; (2) Integrated PA's from Wireline to RF; (3) Very High Frequency Front Ends.

This is the second, enhanced and updated edition of an essential text for students of mechatronics. It covers both the detailed physical modeling of mechatronic systems and their precise numerical simulation using the Finite Element (FE) method. New material includes a section discussing locking effects as occurring in the numerical computation of thin mechanical structures as well as a new chapter on computational aeroacoustics to study the complex phenomenon of flow induced noise.

Design and Modeling of Millimeter-wave CMOS Circuits for Wireless Transceivers describes in detail some of the interesting developments in CMOS millimetre-wave circuit design. This includes the re-emergence of the slow-wave technique used on passive devices, the license-free 60GHz band circuit blocks and a 76GHz voltage-controlled oscillator suitable for vehicular radar applications.

All circuit solutions described are suitable for digital CMOS technology. Digital CMOS technology developments driven by Moore's law make it an inevitable solution for low cost and high volume products in the marketplace. Explosion of the consumer wireless applications further makes this subject a hot topic of the day.

The book begins with a brief history of millimetre-wave research and how the silicon transistor is born. Originally meant for different purposes, the two technologies converged and found its way into advanced chip designs. The second part of the book describes the most important passive devices used in millimetre-wave CMOS circuits. Part three uses these passive devices and builds circuit blocks for the wireless transceiver. The book completes with a comprehensive list of references for further readings.

Design and Modeling of Millimeter-wave CMOS Circuits for Wireless Transceivers is useful to show the analogue IC designer the issues involved in making the leap to millimetre-wave circuit designs. The graduate student and researcher can also use it as a starting point to understand the subject or proceed to innovative from the works described herein.

Optical networks have moved from laboratory settings and theoretical research to real-world deployment and service-oriented explorations. New technologies such as Ethernet PON, traffic grooming, regional and metropolitan network architectures and optical packet switching are being explored, and the landscape is continuously and rapidly evolving. Some of the important issues involving these new technologies involve the architectural, protocol, and performance related issues. This book addresses many of these issues and presents a birds eye view of some of the more promising technologies. Researchers and those pursuing advanced degrees in this field will be able to see where progress is being made and new technologies are emerging.

Emerging Optical Network Technologies: Architectures, Protocols and Performance provides state-of-the-art material written by the most prominent professionals in their respective areas.

Introduction to the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) Method for Electromagnetics provides a comprehensive tutorial of the most widely used method for solving Maxwell's equations -- the Finite Difference Time-Domain Method. This book is an essential guide for students, researchers, and professional engineers who want to gain a fundamental knowledge of the FDTD method. It can accompany an undergraduate or entry-level graduate course or be used for self-study. The book provides all the background required to either research or apply the FDTD method for the solution of Maxwell's equations to practical problems in engineering and science. Introduction to the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) Method for Electromagnetics guides the reader through the foundational theory of the FDTD method starting with the one-dimensional transmission-line problem and then progressing to the solution of Maxwell's equations in three dimensions. It also provides step by step guides to modeling physical sources, lumped-circuit components, absorbing boundary conditions, perfectly matched layer absorbers, and sub-cell structures. Post processing methods such as network parameter extraction and far-field transformations are also detailed. Efficient implementations of the FDTD method in a high level language are also provided. Table of Contents: Introduction / 1D FDTD Modeling of the Transmission Line Equations / Yee Algorithm for Maxwell's Equations / Source Excitations / Absorbing Boundary Conditions / The Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) Absorbing Medium / Subcell Modeling / Post Processing

This book describes the analysis and design of precision temperature sensors in CMOS IC technology, focusing on so-called smart temperature sensors, which provide a digital output signal that can be readily interpreted by a computer. The text shows how temperature characteristics can be used to obtain an accurate digital temperature reading. The book ends with a detailed description of three prototypes, one of which achieves the best performance reported to date.

This book contains the ceremonials and the proceedings pertaining to the Int- national Symposium CCN2005 on "Complex Computing-Networks: A Link between Brain-like and Wave-Oriented Electrodynamics Algorithms," convened at Do ?u ? University of Istanbul, Turkey, on 13-14 June 2005, in connection with the bestowal of the honorary doctorate degrees on Professors Leopold B. Felsen and Leon O. Chua, for their extraordinary achievements in electromagnetics, and n- linear systems, respectively. The symposium was co-organized by Cem Goknar and Levent Sevgi, in consultation with Leopold B. Felsen and Leon O. Chua. Istanbul is a city with wonderful natural and historical surroundings, a city not only interconnecting Asia and Europe but also Eastern and Western cultures. Therefore, CCN2005 was a memorable event not only in the lifetime of Drs. Felsen, Chua, and their families, but also for all the other participants who were there to congratulate the recipients and participate in the symposium."

Well over a billion people are currently using cellular telephones, and this number is expected to grow to over two billion in the next few years. It is remarkable that a device that was considered a high-technology "toy" just a few years ago is now an indispensable feature of modern life. One of the key reasons for this remarkable transformation is the integration of all the radio functions of a cellular telephone onto a single inexpensive piece of silicon. This achievement is a result of innovations in design and process technology that allowed formerly discrete and separate devices to be integrated onto a common substrate.

Now that this integration has been accomplished, the next challenge is to make these radio functions adaptive to their environment. This "adaptive" feature of wireless communications devices is just today becoming a reality, and Adaptive Low-Power Circuits for Wireless Communications represents one of the first comprehensive treatments of the subject.

Adaptive radio transceivers require a comprehensive theoretical framework in order to optimize their performance. Adaptive Low-Power Circuits for Wireless Communications provides this framework with a discussion of joint optimization of Noise Figure and Input Intercept Point in receiver systems. Original techniques to optimize voltage controlled oscillators and low-noise amplifiers to minimize their power consumption while maintaining adequate system performance are also provided. The experimental results presented at the end of the book confirm the utility of the proposed techniques.

"European industry has already developed successful standards in the past, and I am very con?dent that on the basis of DVB-H, Mobile TV services can developtheeconomiesofscaletheyneedfortake-upacrossEuropeandaround the world," With these words of EU's Telecom Commissioner Viviane Reding, DVB-H is destined to be a dominating mobile TV technology in Europe and even in the world. I was ?rst getting in touch with the DVB technology when I was doing my PhD research in Brunel University in UK in 2002. At that time DVB-T was already a mature and widely used digital broadcast technology and anyone could easily buy a DVB-T receiver in the market to try the digital broadcast signals that have been already broadcasted in UK since 1998. Then the DVB technology world changed dramatically. As a more ?exible and robust terr- trial broadcast system targeting handsets, DVB-H was developed based on DVB-T. In 2003 the DVB-H community were continuously working to ?n- ize the standard. Finally in November 2004 DVB-H was adopted as an ETSI standard EN 302 304. I was lucky to see all these changes when I was doing my PhD research in DVB technology. And I was very proud to be involved in the di?erent DVB-H research projects since the beginning of the DVB-H standard development stage. I was also lucky enough that I am one of the ?rst persons who ?nished PhD degree by focusing on DVB-H research.

Written from an industrial perspective this book discusses in detail the characteristics, design, construction, and performance of solid-state lasers. Emphasis is placed on engineering and practical considerations; phenomenological aspects using models are preferred to abstract mathematical derivations. Since its first edition almost 30 years ago this book has become the standard in the field of solid-state lasers for scientists, engineers and graduate students. This edition has been extensively revised and updated to account for recent developments in the areas of diode-laser pumping, laser materials and nonlinear crystals, and entire new sections have been added.

This is an introduction to noise, describing fundamental noise sources and basic circuit analysis, discussing characterization of low-frequency noise and offering practical advice that bridges concepts of noise theory and modelling, characterization, CMOS technology and circuits. The text offers the latest research, reviewing the most recent publications and conference presentations. The book concludes with an introduction to noise in analog/RF circuits and describes how low-frequency noise can affect these circuits.

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are widely used in mobile communications, a rapidly evolving market. This book gives an overview on the latest SAW technologies with an emphasis on the design and simulation of devices, such as resonator-based devices employing the SH-type leaky SAW.

Reporting new results, this book covers the subject of biological effects of EMF in its entirety. Experimental verification of the theoretical results is given when at all possible, and the book is expected to open new areas of research, providing material for university course creation.

Astronomical Optics and Elasticity Theory provides a very thorough and comprehensive account of what is known in this field. After an extensive introduction to optics and elasticity, the book discusses variable curvature and multimode deformable mirrors, as well as, in depth, active optics, its theory and applications. Further, optical design utilizing the Schmidt concept and various types of Schmidt correctors, as well as the elasticity theory of thin plates and shells are elaborated upon. Several active optics methods are developed for obtaining aberration corrected diffraction gratings. Further, a weakly conical shell theory of elasticity is elaborated for the aspherization of grazing incidence telescope mirrors. The very didactic and fairly easy-to-read presentation of the topic will enable PhD students and young researchers to actively participate in challenging astronomical optics and instrumentation projects.

This book provides a comprehensive and thorough treatment on fundamentals and applications of light propagation through inhomogeneous media. The authors present a description of the phenomena, components and technology used in GRIN Optics, and analyze various applications.

Prometheus brought fire to mankind Arthur R. von Hippel "Dielectrics and Waves," 1954 Our contribution? There are only few areas of research and development of a comparable scientific and technological extension as microwave and high frequency processing. "Pr- essing" means not only application of radiation of 300 MHz to 300 GHz f- quency to synthesis, heating or ionisation of matter but also generation, transm- sion and detection of microwave and radio frequency radiation. Microwave and high frequency sources positioned in the orbit are the foun- tion of modern satellite telecommunication systems, gyrotron tubes being pr- ently developed in different countries all over the world will most probably be the major devices to open up a new era of energy supply to mankind be means of - sion plasma. Although initiated by military purposes during the Second World War (RADAR, Radio Detection and Ranging), microwave and high frequency utilisation has spread over almost every important aspect of normal day life since than, from individual mobile phones and kitchen microwave ovens to industrial food processing, production of composites as sustainable building materials, green chemistry, medical applications and finally infrastructure installations like GPS and Galileo, to name only few examples. These different areas of microwave and high frequency radiation application can not be unified within one group of scientists and technologists. There are s- eral distinguished communities active e.g., in the area of telecommunication s- tems, strong microwaves for fusion plasma or plasma based materials processing.

This highly practical and self-contained guidebook explains the principles and major applications of digital hologram recording and numerical reconstruction (Digital Holography).

A special chapter is designated to digital holographic interferometry with applications in deformation and shape measurement and refractive index determination.

Applications in imaging and microscopy are also described.

Spcial techniques such as digital light-in-flight holography, holographic endoscopy, information encrypting, comparative holography, and related techniques of speckle metrology are also treated

Recently, wireless LAN standards have emerged in the market. Those standards operate in various frequency ranges. To reduce component count, it is of importance to design a multi-mode frequency synthesizer that serves all wireless LAN standards including 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g standards. With different specifications for those standards, designing integer-based phase-locked loop frequency synthesizers can not be achieved. Fractional-N frequency synthesizers offer the solution required for a common multi-mode local oscillator. Those fractional-N synthesizers are based on delta-sigma modulators which in combination with a divider yield the fractional division required for the desired frequency of interest.

In CMOS Single Chip Fast Frequency Hopping Synthesizers for Wireless Multi-Gigahertz Applications, the authors outline detailed design methodology for fast frequency hopping synthesizers for RF and wireless communications applications. Great emphasis on fractional-N delta-sigma based phase locked loops from specifications, system analysis and architecture planning to circuit design and silicon implementation.

The book describes an efficient design and characterization methodology that has been developed to study loop trade-offs in both open and close loop modelling techniques. This is based on a simulation platform that incorporates both behavioral models and measured/simulated sub-blocks of the chosen frequency synthesizer. The platform predicts accurately the phase noise, spurious and switching performance of the final design. Therefore excellent phase noise and spurious performance can be achieved while meeting all the specified requirements. The design methodology reduces the need for silicon re-spin enabling circuit designers to directly meet cost, performance and schedule milestones.

The developed knowledge and techniques have been used in the successful design and implementation of two high speed multi-mode fractional-N frequency synthesizers for the IEEE 801.11a/b/g standards. Both synthesizer designs are described in details.

This book presents architectural and circuit techniques for wireless transceivers to achieve multistandard and low-voltage compliance. It provides an up-to-date survey and detailed study of the state-of-the-art transceivers for modern single- and multi-purpose wireless communication systems. The book includes comprehensive analysis and design of multimode reconfigurable receivers and transmitters for an efficient multistandard compliance.