This concise volume provides an introduction to the working principles, design, and construction of air-stable inverted organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), which lead to the realization of practical flexible electronics. The first part of the book reviews the history of the three generations of inverted OLEDs: hybrid organic inorganic light-emitting diodes (HOILEDs), metal oxides and organic electron injection layer, describing the materials, fabrication techniques, device structure, applications, and technological challenges involved in each case. The second part of the book focuses on the carrier injection mechanism in OLEDs. The book will be of interest to students and researchers working on organic optoelectronics.

In diesem Buch werden Strategien fur das Design und die Implementierung von Common-Mode-Suppressed-Balanced-Mikrowellenfiltern, einschliesslich Schmalband-, Breitband- und Ultra-Breitband-Filter. Untersucht werden Differential-Mode- oder Balanced-Mikrowellenfilter. Dabei werden verschiedene praktische Umsetzungen dieser passiven Komponenten diskutiert. Zu den Themen gehoeren: Selective-Mode-Suppression, Designs auf der Grundlage von verteilten und Semi-Lumped Ansatzen, Mehrschichttechnologien, Defect-Ground-Strukturen, gekoppelten Resonatoren, Metamaterialien, Interferenztechniken und substratintegrierten Wellenleitern usw.

This textbook introduces the advanced topics of: (i) wireless communications, (ii) free-space optical (FSO) communications, (iii) indoor optical wireless (IR) communications, and (iv) fiber-optics communications and presents these different types of communication systems in a unified fashion for better practical use. Fundamental concepts, such as propagation principles, modulation formats, channel coding, diversity principles, MIMO signal processing, multicarrier modulation, equalization, adaptive modulation and coding, detection principles, and software defined transmission are first described and then followed up with a detailed look at each particular system. The book is self-contained and structured to provide straightforward guidance to readers looking to capture fundamentals and gain theoretical and practical knowledge about wireless communications, optical communications, and fiber-optics communications, all which can be readily applied in studies, research, and practical applications. The textbook is intended for an upper undergraduate or graduate level course in optical communication. It features problems, an appendix with all background material needed, and homework.

This thirteenth volume in the PUILS series covers a broad range of topics from this interdisciplinary research field, focusing on atoms, molecules, and clusters interacting in intense laser field and high-order harmonics generation and their applications. The series delivers up-to-date reviews of progress in ultrafast intense laser science, the interdisciplinary research field spanning atomic and molecular physics, molecular science, and optical science, which has been stimulated by the developments in ultrafast laser technologies. Each volume compiles peer-reviewed articles authored by researchers at the forefront of each their own subfields of UILS. Typically, each chapter opens with an overview of the topics to be discussed, so that researchers unfamiliar to the subfield, as well as graduate students, can grasp the importance and attractions of the research topic at hand; these are followed by reports of cutting-edge discoveries.

This book reviews the application of semiconductor nanocrystals also known as colloidal quantum dots (QDs) to LED lighting for indoors and outdoors as well as LED backlighting in displays, summarizing the color science of QDs for lighting and displays and presenting recent developments in QD-integrated LEDs and display research. By employing QDs in color-conversion LEDs, it is possible to simultaneously accomplish successful color rendition of the illuminated objects and a good spectral overlap between the emission spectrum of the light source and the sensitivity of the human eye at a warm white color temperature - something that is fundamentally challenging to achieve with conventional sources, such as incandescent and fluorescent lamps, and phosphor-based LEDs.

This book presents novel research ideas and offers insights into radar system design, artificial intelligence and signal processing applications. Further, it proposes a new concept of antenna spatial polarization characteristics (SPC), suggesting that the antenna polarization is a function of the spatial direction and providing new ideas for radar signal processing (RSP) and anti-jamming. It also discusses the design of an advanced signal-processing algorithm, and proposes new polarimetric and anti-jamming methods using antenna inherent properties. The book helps readers discover the potential of radar information processing and improve its anti-interference and target identification ability. It is of interest to university researchers, radar engineers and graduate students in computer science and electronics who wish to learn the core principles, methods, algorithms, and applications of RSP.

This volume comprises chapters on the cutting-edge research in photonics undertaken at IIT Kanpur. Photonics requires scientists and engineers to work closely together in addressing challenges which are interdisciplinary in nature. At IIT Kanpur, research is being pursued in several key areas of photonics namely fiber-optics, nanophotonics, quantum optics, optical spectroscopy and imaging, biophotonics, and photonic devices. This volume brings together contributions from experts to obtain a contemporary perspective in photonics research. The reader will find articles about coherent optical communications, novel photonic nanostructures, nano-structured materials for light control, optical tweezers with nanoscale applications, quantum coherence and entanglement, photodiode arrays and quantum metrology. The volume also includes chapters on cancer diagnostics with optical tomography, protein fluctuations at microsecond scale at single-molecule level, and visualization of motion in a droplet which are interdisciplinary in nature. The contents of this book will be of use to researchers, students, and professionals working across all domains of photonics.

This book discusses the problem of electromagnetic wave excitation in spatial regions with spherical boundaries and the accurate mathematical modeling based on numerical and analytical methods to significantly reduce the time required for developing new antenna devices. It particularly focuses on elements and systems on mobile objects of complex shape that are made of new technological materials. The experimental development of such devices and systems is an extremely time-consuming, lengthy, and expensive process. The book is intended for senior and postgraduate students and researchers working in the fields of radiophysics, radio engineering and antenna design. The authors assume that readers understand the basics of vector and tensor analysis, as well as the general theory of electrodynamics. The original results presented can be directly used in the development of spherical antennas and antenna systems for the mobile objects. The book addresses problems concerning the construction of Green's functions for Hertz potentials in electrodynamic volumes with spherical boundaries, and solves these clearly and concisely. It also uses specific examples to analyze areas where the results could potentially be applied. The book covers the following topics: * excitation of electromagnetic fields in coordinate electrodynamic volumes; * Green's functions for spherical resonators; * Green's functions for infinite space outside of spherical scatterers; * electromagnetic fields of dipole radiators on spherical scatterers; * electromagnetic fields of thin radial impedance vibrators on perfectly conducting spheres; * electrodynamic characteristics of narrow slots in spherical surfaces; * multi-element and combined vibrator-slot radiators on spherical surfaces.

"Microwave Devices, Circuits and Subsystems for Communications Engineering" provides a detailed treatment of the common microwave elements found in modern microwave communications systems. The treatment is thorough without being unnecessarily mathematical. The emphasis is on acquiring a conceptual understanding of the techniques and technologies discussed and the practical design criteria required to apply these in real engineering situations.

Key topics addressed include: Microwave diode and transistor equivalent circuits Microwave transmission line technologies and microstrip design Network methods and s-parameter measurements Smith chart and related design techniques Broadband and low-noise amplifier design Mixer theory and design Microwave filter design Oscillators, synthesisers and phase locked loops

Each chapter is written by specialists in their field and the whole is edited by experience authors whose expertise spans the fields of communications systems engineering and microwave circuit design.

"Microwave Devices, Circuits and Subsystems for Communications Engineering" is suitable for senior electrical, electronic or telecommunications engineering undergraduate students, first year postgraduate students and experienced engineers seeking a conversion or refresher text.

* Includes a companion website featuring: Solutions to selected problems Electronic versions of the figures Sample chapter

This book describes and illustrates the application of several asymptotic methods that have proved useful in the authors' research in electromagnetics and antennas. We first define asymptotic approximations and expansions and explain these concepts in detail. We then develop certain prerequisites from complex analysis such as power series, multivalued functions (including the concepts of branch points and branch cuts), and the all-important gamma function. Of particular importance is the idea of analytic continuation (of functions of a single complex variable); our discussions here include some recent, direct applications to antennas and computational electromagnetics. Then, specific methods are discussed. These include integration by parts and the Riemann-Lebesgue lemma, the use of contour integration in conjunction with other methods, techniques related to Laplace's method and Watson's lemma, the asymptotic behavior of certain Fourier sine and cosine transforms, and the Poisson summation formula (including its version for finite sums). Often underutilized in the literature are asymptotic techniques based on the Mellin transform; our treatment of this subject complements the techniques presented in our recent Synthesis Lecture on the exact (not asymptotic) evaluation of integrals.

This book provides an overview of the latest research and development of new technologies for cognitive radio, mobile communications, and wireless networks. The contributors discuss the research and requirement analysis and initial standardization work towards 5G cellular systems and the capacity problems it presents. They show how cognitive radio, with the capability to flexibly adapt its parameters, has been proposed as the enabling technology for unlicensed secondary users to dynamically access the licensed spectrum owned by legacy primary users on a negotiated or an opportunistic basis. They go on to show how cognitive radio is now perceived in a much broader paradigm that will contribute to solve the resource allocation problem that 5G requirements raise. The chapters represent hand-selected expanded papers from EAI sponsored and hosted conferences such as the 12th EAI International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems, the 11th EAI International Conference on Heterogeneous Networking for Quality, Reliability, Security and Robustness, the 10th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks, the 8th International Conference on Mobile Multimedia Communications, and the EAI International Conference on Software Defined Wireless Networks and Cognitive Technologies for IoT.

This book comprehensively describes high-resolution microwave imaging and super-resolution information processing technologies and discusses new theories, methods and achievements in the high-resolution microwave imaging fields. Its chapters, which include abundant research results and examples, systematically summarize the authors' main research findings in recent years. The book is intended for researchers, engineers and postgraduates in the fields of electronics systems, signal information processing and data analysis, microwave remote sensing and microwave imaging radar, as well as space technology, especially in the microwave remote sensing and airborne or space-borne microwave imaging radar fields.

This volume presents the selected papers of the First International Conference on Fundamental Research in Electrical Engineering, held at Khwarazmi University, Tehran, Iran in July, 2017. The selected papers cover the whole spectrum of the main four fields of Electrical Engineering (Electronic, Telecommunications, Control, and Power Engineering).

This book comprises selected articles from the International Communications Conference (ICC) 2018 held in Hyderabad, India in 2018. It offers in-depth information on the latest developments in voice-, data-, image- and multimedia processing research and applications, and includes contributions from both academia and industry.

This thesis presents an experimental study of quantum memory based on cold atomic ensembles and discusses photonic entanglement. It mainly focuses on experimental research on storing orbital angular momentum, and introduces readers to methods for storing a single photon carried by an image or an entanglement of spatial modes. The thesis also discusses the storage of photonic entanglement using the Raman scheme as a step toward implementing high-bandwidth quantum memory. The storage of photonic entanglement is central to achieving long-distance quantum communication based on quantum repeaters and scalable linear optical quantum computation. Addressing this key issue, the findings presented in the thesis are very promising with regard to future high-speed and high-capacity quantum communications.

This book mainly focuses on the experimental research of rf breakdown and field emission with novel methods, including triggering rf breakdown with high intensity laser and pin-shaped cathodes as well as locating field emitters with a high resolution in-situ imaging system. With these methods, this book has analyzed the power flow between cells during rf breakdown, observed the evolution of field emission during rf conditioning and the dependence of field emission on stored energy, and studied the field emitter distribution and origination. The research findings greatly expand the understanding of rf breakdown and field emission, which will in turn benefit future study into electron sources, particle accelerators, and high gradient rf devices in general.

This book provides a comprehensive treatment of the theoretical foundation and algorithmic tools necessary in the design of efficient tag counting and monitoring algorithms in emerging RFID systems. The book delivers an in-depth analysis on the following problems ranging from theoretical modeling and analysis, to practical algorithm design and optimization: Stability analysis of the frame slotted Aloha protocol, the de facto standard in RFID tag counting and identification; Tag population estimation in dynamic RFID systems; Missing tag event detection in the presence of unexpected tags; Missing tag event detection in multi-group multi-region RFID systems. The target readers are researchers and advanced-level engineering students interested in acquiring in-depth knowledge on the topic and on RFID systems and their applications.

This book describes the physical basis of microwave electronics and related topics, such as microwave vacuum and microwave semiconductor devices. It comprehensively discusses the main types of microwave vacuum and microwave semiconductor devices, their principles of action, theory, parameters and characteristics, as well as ways of increasing the frequency limit of various devices up to the terahertz frequency band. Further, it applies a unified approach to describe charged particle interaction within electromagnetic fields and the motion laws of charged particles in various media. The book is intended as a manual for researchers and engineers, as well as advanced undergraduate and graduate students.

A new generation of MEMS books has emerged with this cohesive guide on the design and analysis of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). Leading experts contribute to its eighteen chapters that encompass a wide range of innovative and varied applications. This publication goes beyond fabrication techniques covered by earlier books and fills a void created by a lack of industry standards. Subjects such as transducer operations and free-space microsystems are contained in its chapters. Satisfying a demand for literature on analysis and design of microsystems the book deals with a broad array of industrial applications. This will interest engineering and research scientists in industry and academia.

This book introduces the theoretical fundamentals for modeling queues in discrete-time, and the basic procedures for developing queuing models in discrete-time. There is a focus on applications in modern telecommunication systems. It presents how most queueing models in discrete-time can be set up as discrete-time Markov chains. Techniques such as matrix-analytic methods (MAM) that can used to analyze the resulting Markov chains are included. This book covers single node systems, tandem system and queueing networks. It shows how queues with time-varying parameters can be analyzed, and illustrates numerical issues associated with computations for the discrete-time queueing systems. Optimal control of queues is also covered. Applied Discrete-Time Queues targets researchers, advanced-level students and analysts in the field of telecommunication networks. It is suitable as a reference book and can also be used as a secondary text book in computer engineering and computer science. Examples and exercises are included.

Advancement of Optical Methods & Digital Image Correlation in Experimental Mechanics, Volume 3 of the Proceedings of the 2018 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the third volume of eight from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on a wide range of optical methods ranging from traditional photoelasticity and interferometry to more recent DIC and DVC techniques, and includes papers in the following general technical research areas: New Developments in Optical Methods & Fringe Pattern Analysis; DIC Applications for Challenging Environments; Optical Methods in SEM: History & Perspective; Mechanical Characterization of Materials & Structures with Optical Methods; Bioengineering.

This book offers a review of the use of extended ablation plasmas as nonlinear media for HHG of high-order harmonic generation (HHG). The book describes the different experimental approaches, shows the advantages and limitations regarding HHG efficiency and discusses the particular processes that take place at longer interaction lengths, including propagation and quasi-phase matching effects. It describes the most recent approaches to harmonic generation in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) range with the use of extended plasma plumes, and how these differ from more commonly-used gas-jet sources. The main focus is on studies using extended plasmas, but some new findings from HHG experiments in narrow plasma plumes are also discussed. It also describes how quasi-phase-matching in modulated plasmas, as demonstrated in recent studies, has revealed different means of tuning enhanced harmonic groups in the XUV region. After an introduction to the fundamental theoretical and experimental aspects of HHG, a review of the most important results of HHG in narrow plasmas is presented, including recent studies of small-sized plasma plumes as emitters of high-order harmonics. In Chapter 2, various findings in the application of extended plasmas for harmonic generation are analyzed. One of the most important applications of extended plasmas, the quasi-phase-matching of generated harmonics, is demonstrated in Chapter 3, including various approaches to the modification of perforated plasma plumes. Chapter 4 depicts the nonlinear optical features of extended plasmas produced on the surfaces of different non-metal materials. Chapter 5 is dedicated to the analysis of new opportunities for extended plasma induced HHG. The advantages of the application of long plasma plumes for HHG, such as resonance enhancement and double-pulse method, are discussed in Chapter 6. Finally, a summary section brings together all of these findings and discuss the perspectives of extended plasma formations for efficient HHG and nonlinear optical plasma spectroscopy. The book will be useful for students and scholars working in this highly multidisciplinary domain involving material science, nonlinear optics and laser spectroscopy. It brings the new researcher to the very frontier of the physics of the interaction between laser and extended plasma; for the expert it will serve as an essential guide and indicate directions for future research.

This book mainly focuses on the study of steering electromagnetic fields in near-field and far-field contexts involving plasmonic structures. It also offers a new approach to achieving full control of optical polarizations and potentially boosting the development in photonic information processing. A new in-plane phase modulation method is proposed and described, by means of which a series of optical beams were realized with nanostructures in metal surfaces, such as a plasmonic Airy beam, broad band focusing beam, and demultiplexing, collimated beam, as well as an optical orbital angular momentum (OAM) beam. Further, the book presents a plasmonic polarization generator, which can reconfigure an input polarization to all kinds of states simultaneously.

This book systematically introduces the single frequency semiconductor laser, which is widely used in many vital advanced technologies, such as the laser cooling of atoms and atomic clock, high-precision measurements and spectroscopy, coherent optical communications, and advanced optical sensors. It presents both the fundamentals and characteristics of semiconductor lasers, including basic F-P structure and monolithic integrated structures; interprets laser noises and their measurements; and explains mechanisms and technologies relating to the main aspects of single frequency lasers, including external cavity lasers, frequency stabilization technologies, frequency sweeping, optical phase locked loops, and so on. It paints a clear, physical picture of related technologies and reviews new developments in the field as well. It will be a useful reference to graduate students, researchers, and engineers in the field.

The second edition of this popular textbook thoroughly covers the practical basics and applications of conducting polymers. It also addresses materials that have gained prominence since the first edition of this book was published, namely carbon nanotubes and graphene. The features of this new edition include: New and updated chapters on novel concepts in conducting polymers Details on interdisciplinary applications of conducting polymers An in depth description of classes of conducting polymers