V.C.A. Ferraro: Diffusion of ions in a plasma with applications to the ionosphere.- P.C. Kendall: On the diffusion in the atmosphere and ionosphere.-F. Henin: Kinetic equations and Brownian motion.- T. Kahan: Th orie des r acteurs nucl aires: m thodes de r solution perturbationnelles, interactives et variationnelles.- C. Cattaneo: Sulla conduzione del calore.- C. Agostinelli: Formule di Green per la diffusione del campo magnetico in un fluido elettricamente conduttore.- A. Pignedoli: Transformational methods applied to some one-dimensional problems concerning the equations of the neutron transport theory.- A. Pignedoli: On the rigorous analysis of the problem of neutron transport in a slab geometry and on some other results.- G. Sestini: Principi di massimo per le soluzioni di equazioni paraboliche.

Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is a new type of transmission line. It implements a waveguide on a piece of printed circuit board by emulating the side walls of the waveguide using two rows of metal posts. It inherits the merits both from the microstrip for compact size and easy integration, and from the waveguide for low radiation loss, and thus opens another door to design efficient microwave circuits and antennas at a low cost. This book presents a two-dimensional fullwave analysis method to investigate an SIW circuit composed of metal and dielectric posts. It combines the cylindrical eigenfunction expansion and the method of moments to avoid geometrical descritization of the posts. The method is presented step-by-step, with all the necessary formulations provided for a practitioner who wants to implement this method by himself. This book covers the SIW circuit printed on either homogeneous or inhomogeneous substrate, the microstrip-to-SIW transition and the speed-up technique for the simulation of symmetrical SIW circuits. Different types of SIW circuits are shown and simulated using the proposed method. In addition, several slot antennas and horn antennas fabricated using the SIW technology are also given. Table of Contents: Introduction / SIW Circuits Composed of Metallic Posts / SIW Circuits with Dielectric Posts / Even-Odd Mode Analysis of a Symmetrical Circuit / Microstrip to SIW Transition and Half Mode SIW / SIW Antennas

Highly Sensitive Optical Receivers primarily treats the circuit design of optical receivers with external photodiodes. Continuous-mode and burst-mode receivers are compared. The monograph first summarizes the basics of III/V photodetectors, transistor and noise models, bit-error rate, sensitivity and analog circuit design, thus enabling readers to understand the circuits described in the main part of the book. In order to cover the topic comprehensively, detailed descriptions of receivers for optical data communication in general and, in particular, optical burst-mode receivers in deep-sub-um CMOS are presented. Numerous detailed and elaborate illustrations facilitate better understanding. "

Mechanical engineering, and engineering discipline born of the needs of the industrial revolution, is once again asked to do its substantial share in the call for industrial renewal. The general call is urgent as we face profound issues of productivity and competitiveness that require engineering solutions, among others. The Mechanical Engineering Series is a series featuring graduate texts and research monographs intended to address the need for information in contemporary areas of mechanical engineering. The series is conceived as a comprehensive one that covers a broad range of c- centrations important to mechanical engineering graduate education and research. We are fortunate to have a distinguished roster of series editors, each an expert in one of the areas of concentration. The names of the series editors are listed on page vi of this volume. The areas of concentration are applied mechanics, biomechanics, computational mechanics, dynamic systems and control, energetics, mechanics of materials, processing, thermal science, and tribology. Preface This book is based on my experience with the control systems of antennas and radiotelescopes. Overwhelmingly, it is based on experience with the NASA Deep Space Network (DSN) antennas. It includes modeling the antennas, developing control algorithms, eld testing, system identi cation, performance evaluation, and 1 troubleshooting. My previous book emphasized the theoretical aspects of antenna control engineering, while this one describes the application part of the antenna control engineering.

Optical Fiber Sensor Technology, Advanced Applications - Bragg Gratings and Distributed Sensors, builds upon the foundations of the subject in the preceding four volumes of this series, concentrating as they do upon both applications and the technology of advanced optical fiber sensors. Previous volumes have covered the fundamentals of the field, devices and systems and chemical and environmental monitoring. This volume deals with a range of highly topical sensor devices and commercial systems, with considerable emphasis upon one of the most important areas, Bragg gratings in fibers, their fabrication and applications in advanced sensor systems and the principles and use of distributed fiber optic sensors. The volume is well illustrated and referenced, pointing to hundreds of key publications accessible in the open literature. It draws upon a group of authors with an international reputation for their work in the area, carefully edited into a coherent and logical text by the editors, based on their considerable experience in the field. This book series will provide an invaluable source for researchers, engineers and advanced students in the field of optical fibers, optoelectronics and measurement and sensing.

There are wide-ranging implications in information security beyond national defense. Securing our information has implications for virtually all aspects of our lives, including protecting the privacy of our ?nancial transactions and medical records, facilitating all operations of government, maintaining the integrity of national borders, securing important facilities, ensuring the safety of our food and commercial products, protecting the safety of our aviation system-even safeguarding the integrity of our very identity against theft. Information security is a vital element in all of these activities, particularly as information collection and distribution become ever more connected through electronic information delivery systems and commerce. This book encompasses results of research investigation and technologies that can be used to secure, protect, verify, and authenticate objects and inf- mation from theft, counterfeiting, and manipulation by unauthorized persons and agencies. The book has drawn on the diverse expertise in optical sciences and engineering, digital image processing, imaging systems, information p- cessing, mathematical algorithms, quantum optics, computer-based infor- tion systems, sensors, detectors, and biometrics to report novel technologies that can be applied to information-security issues. The book is unique because it has diverse contributions from the ?eld of optics, which is a new emerging technology for security, and digital techniques that are very accessible and can be interfaced with optics to produce highly e?ective security systems.

This book is for RF Engineers and, in particular, those engineers focusing mostly on RF systems and RFIC design. The author develops systematic methods for RF systems design, complete with a comprehensive set of design formulas. Its focus on mobile station transmitter and receiver system design also applies to transceiver design of other wireless systems such as WLAN. This comprehensive reference work covers a wide range of topics from general principles of communication theory, as it applies to digital radio designs to specific examples on implementing multimode mobile systems.

I have written this book to ?ll a void between theory and practice, a void that Iperceivedwhileconductingmyownresearchanddevelopmentofcomponents and instruments over the last ?ve years. In the chapters that follow I have pulled materials from the technical and patent literature that are relevant to the understanding and practice of polarization optics in telecommuni- tions, material that is often known by the respective experts in industry and academia but is rarely if ever found in one place. By bringing this material intoonemonograph, andbyapplyingasingleformalismthroughout, Ihopeto create a "base level" upon which future research and development can grow. Polarization optics in telecommunications is an ever-evolving ?eld. Each yearsigni?cantadvancementsaremade, punctuatedbyimportantdiscoveries. The references upon which this book is based are only a snap-shot in time. Areasthatremainunresolvedatthetimeofpublicationmayverywellbecl- i?ed in the years to come. Moreover, the focus of the ?eld changes in time: for instance, there have been few passive nonreciprocal component advancements reported in the last few years, but PMD and PDL advancement continues with only modest abatement.

This book presents a comprehensive overview of the latest technology developments in the field of Mobile Communications. It focuses on the fundamentals of mobile communications technology and systems, including the history and service evolution of mobile communications and environments. Further to this, CDMA technology including spread spectrum, orthogonal and PN codes are introduced. Other important aspects are included.

This book is intended for students and professionals who are interested in the field of digital signal processing of delta-sigma modulated sequences. The overall focus is on the development of algorithms and circuits for linear, non-linear, and mixed mode processing of delta-sigma modulated pulse streams. The material presented here is directly relevant to applications in digital communication, DSP, instrumentation, and control.

NFC geht aus der Kombination von kontaktloser Smart Card Identifikation und RFReader Technologie hervor. Es handelt sich um eine systematische Weiterentwicklung von RFID, die vor allem auf den Endverbrauchermarkt abzielt.

Das Buch NFC-Near Field Communication ist das Standardwerk zur NFCTechnologie. Es bietet einen umfassenden Aoeberblick A1/4ber Anwendungen und Technik des gesamten Themengebietes. FA1/4r Praxis und Ausbildung kann es sowohl als EinfA1/4hrung sowie als Grundlagen- und Nachschlagswerk dienen.

Ziel des Buches ist es, einen umfassenden Aoeberblick A1/4ber Grundlagen, Technik und Anwendungsszenarien von NFC zu gegeben. Hierzu wird zu Beginn NFC der klassischen RFID Technologie gegenA1/4bergestellt und Unterscheidungsmerkmale erArtert. Neben physikalischen Grundlagen der Aoebertragungstechnik wird auch detailliert auf die Protokolle fA1/4r die unterschiedlichen Operationsmodi eingegangen. Im Buch wird auch auf der aktuelle Stand der Normung von NFC diskutiert. Ein weiterer wichtiger Aspekt von NFC - die Sicherheitsthematik - findet in einem gesonderten Kapitel ihren Niederschlag. Auch zahlreiche Anwendungen, die einen praxisnahen Einblick in die Umsetzung der Technologie geben, werden erlAutert (z.B. Smart Poster, Zahlungsverkehr, Zutritt). Ein Aoeberblick A1/4ber Hersteller und EndgerAte sowie Gremien und Institute, die sich mit NFC beschAftigen, findet sich im Anhang.

This book focuses on practical computational electrodynamics, guiding the reader step-by-step through the modeling process from the initial "what question must the model answer?," through the setting up of a computer model, to post processing, validation and optimization. The book offers a realistic view of the capabilities and limits of current 3-D field simulators and how to apply this knowledge efficiently to EM analysis and design of RF applications in modern communication systems.

This book presents recent and important developments in the field of terahertz radiation, with a particular focus on pulsed terahertz radiation. Situated in the gap between electronics and optics, the terahertz frequency range of the electro-magnetic spectrum has long been neglected by scientists and engineers due to a lack of efficient and affordable terahertz sources and detectors. The advent of femtosecond lasers in the 1980s and photoconductive switches in 1984 have made the terahertz gap accessible, while at the same time advances in electronics and optics have made it narrower. Research activities in terahertz frequencies have intensified dramatically since that time, funding has increased by a factor of 100 in the last decade. The reviews by leading experts are of interest to researchers and engineers as well as advanced students.

Within the past few decades, information technologies have been evolving at a tremendous rate, causing profound changes to our world and our ways of life. In particular, fiber optics has been playing an increasingly crucial role within the telecommunication revolution. Not only most long-distance links are fiber based, but optical fibers are increasingly approaching the individual end users, providing wide bandwidth links to support all kinds of data-intensive applications such as video, voice, and data services. As an engineering discipline, fiber optics is both fascinating and challenging. Fiber optics is an area that incorporates elements from a wide range of techno- gies including optics, microelectronics, quantum electronics, semiconductors, and networking. As a result of rapid changes in almost all of these areas, fiber optics is a fast evolving field. Therefore, the need for up-to-date texts that address this growing field from an interdisciplinary perspective persists. This book presents an overview of fiber optics from a practical, engineering perspective. Therefore, in addition to topics such as lasers, detectors, and optical fibers, several topics related to electronic circuits that generate, detect, and process the optical signals are covered. In other words, this book attempts to present fiber optics not so much in terms of a field of "optics" but more from the perspective of an engineering field within "optoelectronics.

This two-volume book provides an enriching insight into the laser, covering different types of lasers, the basic science behind the technology, their role at the cutting-edge of current scientific research, and their wide-ranging applications. With just high school physics as a prerequisite and favoring qualitative yet scientifically sound explanations over high-level mathematics, this book is aimed at a broad spectrum of readers in physics, chemistry, engineering, medicine, and biology. Its engaging and lucid presentation is enhanced with plenty of illustrations, making the world of the laser accessible to undergraduate students in the sciences and any other inquisitive readers with high school physics under their belts. Furthermore, the text is often laced with anecdotes, picked from history, that are bound to pique the minds of the readers. It is ideal for self-study or as a complement to courses on optics and optoelectronics.  This volume, Part 1 of 2, explains the fundamentals of optics, what a laser is, how it works, and what is unique about the light it emits, from fundamental quantum theory through population inversion and cavity to common laser types.  It is followed by Part 2 which depicts the many advances in science enabled by the laser, including spectroscopy, nonlinear optics, optical cooling and trapping, and optical tweezers, among many others, and provides a glimpse into the ways that the laser affects our lives via its uses in medicine, manufacturing, the nuclear industry, energy, defence, communication, ranging, pollution monitoring, art conservation, fashion, beauty, and entertainment.

This lecture provides a tutorial introduction to the Nystroem and locally-corrected Nystroem methods when used for the numerical solutions of the common integral equations of two-dimensional electromagnetic fields. These equations exhibit kernel singularities that complicate their numerical solution. Classical and generalized Gaussian quadrature rules are reviewed. The traditional Nystroem method is summarized, and applied to the magnetic field equation for illustration. To obtain high order accuracy in the numerical results, the locally-corrected Nystroem method is developed and applied to both the electric field and magnetic field equations. In the presence of target edges, where current or charge density singularities occur, the method must be extended through the use of appropriate singular basis functions and special quadrature rules. This extension is also described. Table of Contents: Introduction / Classical Quadrature Rules / The Classical Nystroem Method / The Locally-Corrected Nystroem Method / Generalized Gaussian Quadrature / LCN Treatment of Edge Singularities

Deployment of Rare Earth Materials in Microware Devices, RF Transmitters, and Laser Systems describes the deployment of rare earth materials that offer significant improvement in the RF performance, reliability, weight, and size of microwave devices, RF transmitters, and laser systems. RF components, microware transmitters, laser systems, and special timing devices are described, with an emphasis on improvement in the performance parameters.

The chapters in this volume were presented at the July-August 2008 NATO Advanced Study Institute on Unexploded Ordnance Detection and Mitigation. The conference was held at the beautiful Il Ciocco resort near Lucca, in the glorious Tuscany region of northern Italy. For the ninth time we gathered at this idyllic spot to explore and extend the reciprocity between mathematics and engineering. The dynamic interaction between world-renowned scientists from the usually disparate communities of pure mathematicians and applied scientists which occurred at our eight previous ASI's continued at this meeting. The detection and neutralization of unexploded ordnance (UXO) has been of major concern for very many decades; at least since the First World war. UXO continues to be the subject of intensive research in many ?elds of science, incl- ing mathematics, signal processing (mainly radar and sonar) and chemistry. While today's headlines emphasize the mayhem resulting from the placement of imp- vised explosive devices (IEDs), humanitarian landmine clearing continues to draw signi?cant global attention as well. In many countries of the world, landmines threaten the population and hinder reconstruction and fast, ef?cient utilization of large areas of the mined land in the aftermath of military con?icts.

This book gives a step-by-step presentation of a generalized transmission line method to study the far-zone radiation of antennas under a multilayer structure. Normally, a radiation problem requires a full wave analysis which may be time consuming. The beauty of the generalized transmission line method is that it transforms the radiation problem for a specific type of structure, say the multilayer structure excited by an antenna, into a circuit problem that can be efficiently analyzed. Using the Reciprocity Theorem and far-field approximation, the method computes the far-zone radiation due to a Hertzian dipole within a multilayer structure by solving an equivalent transmission line circuit. Since an antenna can be modeled as a set of Hertzian dipoles, the method could be used to predict the far-zone radiation of an antenna under a multilayer structure. The analytical expression for the far-zone field is derived for a structure with or without a polarizer. The procedure of obtaining the Hertzian dipole model that is required by the generalized transmission line method is also described. Several examples are given to demonstrate the capabilities, accuracy, and efficiency of this method. Table of Contents: Antennas Under a Multilayer Dielectric Slab / Antennas Under a Polarized Multilayer Structure / Hertzian Dipole Model for an Antenna / Bibliography / Biography

Faseroptische Komponenten und Systeme sind heute unverzichtbar im Bereich der Datenubertragung, der Sensorik und Messtechnik, der Materialbearbeitung und in der Medizintechnik. Bei hohen Lichtleistungen in Glasfasern mit kleinen Querschnitten treten dabei nichtlineare optische Effekte auf, die in einigen Anwendungen gezielt genutzt werden konnen, aber in anderen Fallen storend sind.

Aufbauend auf den Grundlagen der linearen Ausbreitung von Lichtwellen in Glasfasern werden in diesem Buch die nichtlinearen faseroptischen Effekte grundlegend und systematisch behandelt. Schwerpunkte sind dabei die Auswirkungen und Anwendungen der stimulierten Raman- und Brillouin-Streuung. Spezielle Aspekte der nichtlinearen Faseroptik werden am Beispiel der Raman-Faserlaser vertieft.

Das Buch zeichnet sich durch fundierte theoretische Grundlagen, Angabe reprasentativer Zahlenwerte und anschauliche Beispiele aus. In kurzen Exkursen werden Zusammenhange aufgezeigt und weiterfuhrende Informationen gegeben. Zahlreiche Literaturangaben ermoglichen eine selbststandige weitere Vertiefung in einzelne Themen."

Integral Equation Methods for Electromagnetic and Elastic Waves is an outgrowth of several years of work. There have been no recent books on integral equation methods. There are books written on integral equations, but either they have been around for a while, or they were written by mathematicians. Much of the knowledge in integral equation methods still resides in journal papers. With this book, important relevant knowledge for integral equations are consolidated in one place and researchers need only read the pertinent chapters in this book to gain important knowledge needed for integral equation research. Also, learning the fundamentals of linear elastic wave theory does not require a quantum leap for electromagnetic practitioners. Integral equation methods have been around for several decades, and their introduction to electromagnetics has been due to the seminal works of Richmond and Harrington in the 1960s. There was a surge in the interest in this topic in the 1980s (notably the work of Wilton and his coworkers) due to increased computing power. The interest in this area was on the wane when it was demonstrated that differential equation methods, with their sparse matrices, can solve many problems more efficiently than integral equation methods. Recently, due to the advent of fast algorithms, there has been a revival in integral equation methods in electromagnetics. Much of our work in recent years has been in fast algorithms for integral equations, which prompted our interest in integral equation methods. While previously, only tens of thousands of unknowns could be solved by integral equation methods, now, tens of millions of unknowns can be solved with fast algorithms. This has prompted new enthusiasm in integral equation methods. Table of Contents: Introduction to Computational Electromagnetics / Linear Vector Space, Reciprocity, and Energy Conservation / Introduction to Integral Equations / Integral Equations for Penetrable Objects / Low-Frequency Problems in Integral Equations / Dyadic Green's Function for Layered Media and Integral Equations / Fast Inhomogeneous Plane Wave Algorithm for Layered Media / Electromagnetic Wave versus Elastic Wave / Glossary of Acronyms

This book provides an introduction to narrowband array signal processing, classical and subspace-based direction of arrival (DOA) estimation with an extensive discussion on adaptive direction of arrival algorithms. The book begins with a presentation of the basic theory, equations, and data models of narrowband arrays. It then discusses basic beamforming methods and describes how they relate to DOA estimation. Several of the most common classical and subspace-based direction of arrival methods are discussed. The book concludes with an introduction to subspace tracking and shows how subspace tracking algorithms can be used to form an adaptive DOA estimator. Simulation software and additional bibliography are given at the end of the book. Table of Contents: Introduction / Background on Array Processing / Nonadaptive Direction of Arrival Estimation / Adaptive Direction of Arrival Estimation / Appendix

In the near future, organic semiconductors may be used in a variety of products, including flat-screen TVs, e-book readers, and third-generation organic photovoltaics applications, to name just a few. While organic electronics has received increased attention in scientific journals, those working in this burgeoning field require more in-depth coverage of the subject.

Considering the rapid development in this field, Organic Electronics: Materials, Processing, Devices and Applications is a long-overdue assessment of state-of-the-art technology in organic electronics. This valuable reference harnesses the insight of various experts in the field, who contribute entire chapters on their area of specialty, covering chemistry and materials, fundamental physics, device processing, fabrication, and applications.

Coverage includes cutting-edge advances in:

• Organic vapor phase deposition to fabricate organic nanostructures
• Organic semiconductor device physics
• Organic thin film and vertical transistors
• Organic photovoltaic cells
• OLED technologies for flat panel displays and lighting

With its detailed discussion of the latest developments in the field of organic semiconductor materials and devices, this versatile book is ideally suited as a reference tool for scientists, engineers, and researchers or as an overview for those new to the field. In either capacity, its broad range of material will serve as a base for the further development of new sciences and technologies in this area.

Decreasing the magnetic field signature of a naval vessel will reduce its susceptibility to detonating naval influence mines and the probability of a submarine being detected by underwater barriers and maritime patrol aircraft. Both passive and active techniques for reducing the magnetic signatures produced by a vessel's ferromagnetism, roll-induced eddy currents, corrosion-related sources, and stray fields are presented. Mathematical models of simple hull shapes are used to predict the levels of signature reduction that might be achieved through the use of alternate construction materials. Also, the process of demagnetizing a steel-hulled ship is presented, along with the operation of shaft-grounding systems, paints, and alternate configurations for power distribution cables. In addition, active signature reduction technologies are described, such as degaussing and deamping, which attempt to cancel the fields surrounding a surface ship or submarine rather than eliminate its source. Table of Contents: Introduction / Passive Magnetic Silencing Techniques / Active Signature Compensation / Summary

The objective of this two-volume book is the systematic and comprehensive description of the most competitive time-domain computational methods for the efficient modeling and accurate solution of modern real-world EMC problems. Intended to be self-contained, it performs a detailed presentation of all well-known algorithms, elucidating on their merits or weaknesses, and accompanies the theoretical content with a variety of applications. Outlining the present volume, numerical investigations delve into printed circuit boards, monolithic microwave integrated circuits, radio frequency microelectromechanical systems as well as to the critical issues of electromagnetic interference, immunity, shielding, and signal integrity. Biomedical problems and EMC test facility characterizations are also thoroughly covered by means of diverse time-domain models and accurate implementations. Furthermore, the analysis covers the case of large-scale applications and electrostatic discharge problems, while special attention is drawn to the impact of contemporary materials in the EMC world, such as double negative metamaterials, bi-isotropic media, and several others. Table of Contents: Introduction / Printed Circuit Boards in EMC Structures / Electromagnetic Interference, Immunity, Shielding, and Signal Integrity / Bioelectromagnetic Problems: Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields / Time-Domain Characterization of EMC Test Facilities / Large-Scale EMC and Electrostatic Discharge Problems / Contemporary Material Modeling in EMC Applications