This state-of-the-art book deals with advanced spatial modulation (ASM), which are a special class of recent Multiple-Input Multiple-Output MIMO techniques, for various applications like radio frequency (RF) based body area network (BAN) communication, free-space optical (FSO) communication, underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) and hybrid FSO/RF communication. The performance analysis of such systems is achieved in terms of certain performance metrics and compared with other techniques available in the literature. Such SM based schemes can find its application in advanced 5G and 6G communications. The diagrams of the system models of the different schemes along with tables and examples will help readers get a clear understanding of this approach. This book elucidates required derivations, examples, and links various concepts related to this field so that readers can gain comprehensive knowledge. Pseudo codes or algorithms or MATLAB/MATHEMATICA programs are also provided so that readers can easily implement the concepts which they learn. This volume will be useful for students, researchers, and industry alike.

The second edition of this popular textbook thoroughly covers the practical basics and applications of conducting polymers. It also addresses materials that have gained prominence since the first edition of this book was published, namely carbon nanotubes and graphene. The features of this new edition include: New and updated chapters on novel concepts in conducting polymers Details on interdisciplinary applications of conducting polymers An in depth description of classes of conducting polymers

This book presents a comprehensive mathematical and computational approach for solving electromagnetic problems of practical relevance, such as electromagnetic scattering and the cavity problems. After an in-depth introduction to the mathematical foundations of isogeometric analysis, which discusses how to conduct higher-order simulations efficiently and without the introduction of geometrical errors, the book proves quasi-optimal approximation properties for all trace spaces of the de Rham sequence, and demonstrates inf-sup stability of the isogeometric discretisation of the electric field integral equation (EFIE). Theoretical properties and algorithms are described in detail. The algorithmic approach is, in turn, validated through a series of numerical experiments aimed at solving a set of electromagnetic scattering problems. In the last part of the book, the boundary element method is combined with a novel eigenvalue solver, a so-called contour integral method. An algorithm is presented, together with a set of successful numerical experiments, showing that the eigenvalue solver benefits from the high orders of convergence offered by the boundary element approach. Last, the resulting software, called BEMBEL (Boundary Element Method Based Engineering Library), is reviewed: the user interface is presented, while the underlying design considerations are explained in detail. Given its scope, this book bridges an important gap between numerical analysis and engineering design of electromagnetic devices.

Selective Laser Melting (SLM), also referred to as Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF), offers significant advantages for the manufacturing of complex, high-quality parts. However, its market share is still small compared to conventional manufacturing technologies. Major drawbacks hindering an industrial ramp-up are low productivity, high part costs and issues with quality and reproducibility. Comprehensive research has been done to overcome these challenges, but little attention has been paid to addressing them by optimizing the laser beam profile. Therefore, the author examines the effect of the laser beam profile on the productivity and process stability through both numerical and experimental investigations. The results show clear advantages an optimized laser beam profile offers.

This textbook bridges the gap between university courses on electrodynamics and the knowledge needed to successfully address the problem of electrodynamics of metamaterials. It appeals to both experimentalists and theoreticians who are interested in the physical basics of metamaterials and plasmonics. Focusing on qualitative fundamental treatment as opposed to quantitative numerical treatment, it covers the phenomena of artificial magnetization at high frequencies, and discusses homogenization procedures and the basics of quantum dynamics in detail. By considering different phenomena it creates a self-consistent qualitative picture to explain most observable phenomena. This allows readers to develop a better understanding of the concepts, and helps to create a conceptual approach, which is especially important in educational contexts. This clearly written book includes problems and solutions for each chapter, which can be used for seminars and homework, as well as qualitative models that are helpful to students.

This comprehensive two semester textbook, now in its 4th edition, continues to provide students with a thorough theoretical understanding of electromagnetic field relations while also providing numerous practical applications. The topics follow a tested pattern familiar to the previous edition, each with a brief, introductory chapter followed by a chapter with extensive treatment, 10 to 30 applications, examples and exercises, and problems and summaries. There is new emphasis on problems, examples and applications based on energy harvesting and renewable energy; additional information on sensing and actuation, new material on issues in energy, power, electronics, and measurements, and an emphasis on aspects of electromagnetics relevant to digital electronics and wireless communication. The author adds and revises problems to emphasize the use of tools such as Matlab; new advanced problems for higher level students; a discussion of symbolic and numerical integration; additional examples with each chapter; and new online material including experiments and review questions. The book is an undergraduate textbook at the upper division level, intended for required classes in electromagnetics. It is written in simple terms with all details of derivations included and all steps in solutions listed. It requires little beyond basic calculus and can be used for self-study. Features hundreds of examples and exercises, many new or revised for every topic in the book. Includes over 650 end-of-chapter problems, many of them new or revised, mostly based on applications or simplified applications. Includes a suite of online demonstration software including a computerized Smith Chart.

This book covers selected topics of automated logic synthesis dedicated to FPGAs. The authors focused on two main problems: decomposition of the multioutput functions and technology mapping. Additionally, the idea of using binary decision diagrams (BDD) in these processes was presented. The book is a scientific monograph summarizing the authors' many years of research. As a result, it contains a large number of experimental results, which makes it a valuable source for other researchers. The book has a significant didactic value. Its arrangement allows for a gradual transition from basic things (e.g., description of logic functions) to much more complex issues. This approach allows less advanced readers to better understand the described problems. In addition, the authors made sure that the issues described in the book were supported by practical examples, thanks to which the reader can independently analyze even the most complex problems described in the book.

Omnidirectional antenna with high gain, low profile, vertical polarization, even CP polarization is very difficult to design, although it is from the dipole. In this book, a novel idea that the running wave in the coaxial wire is disturbed by the orthogonal slot array on the cylindrical metal shell is introduced, which radiates the CP wave in omni-direction. When feeding on two ends of the coaxial wire respectively, there will appear left hand circularly polarized (LHCP) omnidirectional radiation or right hand circularly polarized (RHCP) omnidirectional radiation. By introducing the T-shaped feed structure, the coaxial wire with slot array can conveniently produce the LHCP and RHCP radiation diversity with one end feeding. In the further, combining with the directional antenna, it will generate the pattern diversity in the half-sphere space. The antenna of the coaxial wire with slot array can further transform into conical CP beam antenna if the coaxial wire becomes into a conical frustum. By introducing the PIN diode into the slot, the antenna of the coaxial wire with slot array can radiate the reconfigurable directional beam by switching the states of the PIN diodes. By introducing a novel switchable microwave circuit, the omnidirectional /directional pattern switchable antenna can be realized easily.This book proposes a continues method to develop the potentialities of the omnidirectional antenna. And the readers can study the method or ideas of the omnidirectional slots antenna, even graft the CP or diversity methods to other antennae.

India launched its maiden scientific expedition to Antarctica way back in 1981 and ever since annual expeditions are launched to address thematic research in the contemporary areas of Antarctic Science and Engineering. The initial efforts and achievements of India are not only significant but are of historical importance. This book discusses a wide array of topics that have entered the mainstream of geotechnical and geo environmental engineering over the initial two and half decades of India's presence in the icy continent 'Antarctica'. At the same time, it highlights the lessons learnt in cryo-engineering technologies. It covers various articles on many aspects of environmental science and collates the overall achievements in the fascinating field of Antarctic engineering and environmental impact assessment. Accordingly, this book covers articles on wind energy by Ramesh et al., and engineering aspects in Antarctica by Rai. Similarly, Pathak has reviewed the engineering details of Dakshin Gangotri and Maitri. On the contrary, Sharma has provided an interesting history about the process of establishment of Dakshin Gangotri station. Similarly, communication aspects have been highlighted by Dhaka. Commercial polymers and their utility in cold region have been discussed by Dabholker et al. Besides, Tiwari and Khare have reviewed the environmental studies carried out during the initial 25 years in Antarctic research base 'Maitri'. Similarly, Ramchandran and Sathe have studied the natural radioactivity in Antarctica while fire safety in Antarctica has been touched upon by Chatterjee. On the other hand, Veerbhadraiah and Jain have provided a status on environmental management services at Maitri station Additionally Tiwari has provided details on the new Indian Research Base 'Bharti' at Larsemann Hills region. It provides a one-stop reference for researchers and those working in industry and government.

This book is intended for senior undergraduate and graduate students as well as practicing engineers who are involved in design and analysis of radio frequency (RF) circuits. Detailed tutorials are included on all major topics required to understand fundamental principles behind both the main sub-circuits required to design an RF transceiver and the whole communication system. Starting with review of fundamental principles in electromagnetic (EM) transmission and signal propagation, through detailed practical analysis of RF amplifier, mixer, modulator, demodulator, and oscillator circuit topologies, all the way to the basic system communication theory behind the RF transceiver operation, this book systematically covers all relevant aspects in a way that is suitable for a single semester university level course. Offers readers a complete, self-sufficient tutorial style textbook; Includes all relevant topics required to study and design an RF receiver in a consistent, coherent way with appropriate depth for a one-semester course; The labs and the book chapters are synchronized throughout a 13-week semester so that the students first study each sub-circuit and the related theory in class, practice problems, work out design details and then build and test the sub-circuit in the lab, before moving onto the next chapter; Includes detailed derivations of all key equations related to new concepts.

This book presents peer-reviewed articles from the 20th International Symposium on Optomechatronic Technologies (ISOT 2019), held in Goa, India. The symposium brought together students, researchers, professionals, and academicians in the field of optomechatronics and related areas on a common platform conducive to academic interaction with business professionals.

This book is devoted to the theoretical and experimental investigation of the optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) with direct and external modulation of laser emission. Such devices, sources of precision radio frequency oscillations using laser excitation, are novel and technologically relevant, with manifold possible applications. The book includes a review of the present state of the theory and generation techniques in microwave and mm-wave ranges for traditional and optoelectronic oscillators, description of OEO construction and operation principles, theoretical oscillation analysis and mathematical description of the relevant semi-classical laser physics, and investigation of the power spectral density of noises. Technical features and advantages of OEOs with external and direct modulation of laser emission are discussed together with functional diagrams. The characteristics of OEOs are compared with other traditional RF oscillators, such as quartz, surface acoustic waves, and oscillators with electromagnetic wave cavities. Special attention is paid to Q-factors and phase noises of RF carriers at small offsets. The authors discuss the technical characteristics of modern optoelectronic methods for precision RF oscillation formation, such as commercial large-dimension and compact quantum frequency standards with optical pumping on cesium and rubidium cells. This book is aimed at scientists and engineers in academia and industry who work with sources of microwave and mm-wave signals.

The book provides an overview of III-nitride-material-based light-emitting diode (LED) technology, from the basic material physics to the latest advances in the field, such as homoepitaxy and heteroepitaxy of the materials on different substrates. It also includes the latest advances in the field, such as approaches to improve quantum efficiency and reliability as well as novel structured LEDs. It explores the concept of material growth, chip structure, packaging, reliability and application of LEDs. With spectra coverage from ultraviolet (UV) to entire visible light wavelength, the III-nitride-material-based LEDs have a broad application potential, and are not just limited to illumination. These novel applications, such as health & medical, visible light communications, fishery and horticulture, are also discussed in the book.

This book focuses on the modelling methodology of microstrip interconnects, discussing various structures of single-input multiple-output (SIMO) tree interconnects for signal integrity (SI) engineering. Further, it describes lumped and distributed transmission line elements based on single-input single-output (SIMO) models of symmetric and asymmetric trees, and investigates more complicated phenomenon, such as interbranch coupling. The modelling approaches are based on the analytical methods using the Z-, Y- and T-matrices. The established method enables the S-parameters and voltage transfer function of SIMO tree to be determined. Providing illustrative results with frequency and time domain analyses for each tree interconnect structure, the book is a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and graduate students in fields of analogue, RF/microwave, digital and mixed circuit design, SI and manufacturing engineering.

This volume presents selected contributions from the "Advanced Research Workshop on Explosives Detection" hosted by the Department of Information Engineering of the University of Florence, Italy in 2018. The main goal of the workshop was to find out how Science for Peace and Security projects in the field of Explosives Detection contribute to the development and/or refinement of scientific and technical knowledge and competencies. The findings of the workshop, presented in the last section of the book, determine future actions and direction of the SPS Programme in the field of explosives detection and management.The NATO Science for Peace and Security (SPS) Programme, promotes dialogue and practical cooperation between NATO member states and partner nations based on scientific research, technological innovation and knowledge exchange. Several initiatives were launched in the field of explosive detection and clearance, as part of NATO's enhanced role in the international fight against terrorism. Experts and scientists from NATO members and partner countries have been brought together in multi-year projects, within the framework of the SPS Programme, to cooperate in the scientific research in explosive detection field, developing new technologies and methods to be implemented in order to detect explosive substances in different contexts.

In diesem Buch werden Strategien fur das Design und die Implementierung von Common-Mode-Suppressed-Balanced-Mikrowellenfiltern, einschliesslich Schmalband-, Breitband- und Ultra-Breitband-Filter. Untersucht werden Differential-Mode- oder Balanced-Mikrowellenfilter. Dabei werden verschiedene praktische Umsetzungen dieser passiven Komponenten diskutiert. Zu den Themen gehoeren: Selective-Mode-Suppression, Designs auf der Grundlage von verteilten und Semi-Lumped Ansatzen, Mehrschichttechnologien, Defect-Ground-Strukturen, gekoppelten Resonatoren, Metamaterialien, Interferenztechniken und substratintegrierten Wellenleitern usw.

This book provides an in-depth coverage of the most recent developments in the field of wireless underground communications, from both theoretical and practical perspectives. The authors identify technical challenges and discuss recent results related to improvements in wireless underground communications and soil sensing in Internet of Underground Things (IOUT). The book covers both existing network technologies and those currently in development in three major areas of SitS: wireless underground communications, subsurface sensing, and antennas in the soil medium. The authors explore novel applications of Internet of Underground Things in digital agriculture and autonomous irrigation management domains. The book is relevant to wireless researchers, academics, students, and decision agriculture professionals. The contents of the book are arranged in a comprehensive and easily accessible format. Focuses on fundamental issues of wireless underground communication and subsurface sensing; Includes advanced treatment of IOUT custom applications of variable-rate technologies in the field of decision agriculture, and covers protocol design and wireless underground channel modeling; Provides a detailed set of path loss, antenna, and wireless underground channel measurements in various novel Signals in the Soil (SitS) testbed settings.

Thin-film solar cells are cheap and easy to manufacture but require improvements as their efficiencies are low compared to that of the commercially dominant crystalline-silicon solar cells. An optoelectronic model is formulated and implemented along with the differential evolution algorithm to assess the efficacy of grading the bandgap of the CIGS, CZTSSe, and AlGaAs photon-absorbing layer for optimizing the power-conversion efficiency of thin-film CIGS, CZTSSe, and AlGaAs solar cells, respectively, in the two-terminal single-junction format. Each thin-film solar cell is modeled as a photonic device as well as an electronic device. Solar cells with two (or more) photon-absorbing layers can also be handled using the optolelectronic model, whose results will stimulate experimental techniques for bandgap grading to enable ubiquitous small-scale harnessing of solar energy.

This is the first book summarizing the theoretical basics of thermal nondestructive testing (TNDT) by combining elements of heat conduction, infrared thermography, and industrial nondestructive testing. The text contains the physical models of TNDT, heat transfer in defective and sound structures, and thermal properties of materials. Also included are the optimization of TNDT procedures, defect characterization, data processing in TNDT, active and passive TNDT systems, as well as elements of statistical data treatment and decision making. This text contains in-depth descriptions of applications in infrared/thermal testing within aerospace, power production, building, as well as the conservation of artistic monuments The book is intended for the industrial specialists who are involved in technical diagnostics and nondestructive testing. It may also be useful for academic researchers, undergraduate, graduate and PhD university students.

This is a textbook for upper undergraduate and graduate courses on microwave engineering, written in a student-friendly manner with many diagrams and illustrations. It works towards developing a foundation for further study and research in the field. The book begins with a brief history of microwaves and introduction to core concepts of EM waves and wave guides. It covers equipment and concepts involved in the study and measurement of microwaves. The book also discuses microwave propagation in space, microwave antennae, and all aspects of RADAR. The book provides core pedagogy with chapter objectives, summaries, solved examples, and end-of-chapter exercises. The book also includes a bonus chapter which serves as a lab manual with 15 simple experiments detailed with proper circuits, precautions, sample readings, and quiz/viva questions for each experiment. This book will be useful to instructors and students alike.

This book presents select proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Electrical Control and Signal Systems (AECSS) 2019. The focus is on the current developments in control and signal systems in electrical engineering, and covers various topics such as power systems, energy systems, micro grid, smart grid, networks, fuzzy systems and their control. The book also discusses various properties and performance of signal systems and their applications in different fields. The contents of this book can be useful for students, researchers as well as professionals working in power and energy systems, and other related fields.

Fiber sensing technologies have enabled both fundamental studies and a wide spectrum of applications in every aspect of life. This book highlights the recent advancement in fiber sensing technologies based on newly developed sensing mechanisms, advanced fiber structures, and functional materials. In particular, the integration of functional materials with different electrical, optical, thermal, or mechanical properties into a single fiber offers a wealth of new opportunities in sensing. The book covers the major developments in novel fiber materials, such as semiconductors, metals, polymers, soft glasses, and carbon materials, as well as the sensing applications based on both single fiber and multi-dimensional fiber arrays for temperature, light, strain, vibration, electric and magnetic fields, hazardous chemicals, gases, and physiological signals.

This book outlines various synthetic approaches, tuneable physical properties, and device applications of core/shell quantum dots (QDs). Core/shell QDs have exhibited enhanced quantum yield (QY), suppressed photobleaching/blinking, and significantly improved photochemical/physical stability as compared to conventional bare QDs. The core-shell structure also promotes the easy tuning of QDs' band structure, leading to their employment as attractive building blocks in various optoelectronic devices. The main objective of this book is to create a platform for knowledge sharing and dissemination of the latest advances in novel areas of core/shell QDs and relevant devices, and to provide a comprehensive introduction and directions for further research in this growing area of nanomaterials research.

This book covers a diverse cross section of this interdisciplinary research field, with contributions grouped into four categories: laser-induced filamentation; atoms and molecules in a laser field; interaction of solid materials with a coherent light field; and ion acceleration and ionization of atoms in super intense laser fields. This book series presents up-to-date reviews of advances in this interdisciplinary research field, spanning atomic and molecular physics, as well as molecular and optical science, which have been stimulated by the recent developments in ultrafast laser technologies. Each book compiles peer-reviewed articles by researchers at the forefront of their particular subfields. All the chapters include an overview to allow graduate students and researchers unfamiliar with the subfield to grasp the importance and attractions of the topic covered, followed by reports of cutting-edge discoveries.

This book provides a systemic and self-contained guide to the theoretical description of the fundamental properties of plasmonic waves. The field of plasmonics is built on the interaction of electromagnetic radiation and conduction electrons at metallic interfaces or in metallic nanostructures, and so to describe basic plasmonic behavior, boundary-value problems may be formulated and solved using electromagnetic wave theory based on Maxwell's equations and the electrostatic approximation. In preparation, the book begins with the basics of electromagnetic and electrostatic theories, along with a review of the local and spatial nonlocal plasma model of an electron gas. This is followed by clear and detailed boundary value analysis of both classical three-dimensional and novel two-dimensional plasmonic systems in a range of different geometries. With only general electromagnetic theory as a prerequisite, this resulting volume will be a useful entry point to plasmonic theory for students, as well as a convenient reference work for researchers who want to see how the underlying models can be analysed rigorously.