This book is volume II of a series of books on silicon photonics. It gives a fascinating picture of the state-of-the-art in silicon photonics from a component perspective. It presents a perspective on what can be expected in the near future. It is formed from a selected number of reviews authored by world leaders in the field, and is written from both academic and industrial viewpoints. An in-depth discussion of the route towards fully integrated silicon photonics is presented. This book will be useful not only to physicists, chemists, materials scientists, and engineers but also to graduate students who are interested in the fields of micro- and nanophotonics and optoelectronics.

Electrostatic Discharge is a pervasive issue in the semiconductor industry affecting both manufacturers and users of semiconductors. This easy-to-read, practical handbook presents an overview of ESD as it effects electronic circuits and provides a concise introduction for students, engineers, circuit designers and failure analysts.

Provides the state of the art of modelling, simulation and calculation methods for electromagnetic fields and waves and their application.

One of the first books in this area, this text focuses on important aspects of the system operation, analysis and performance evaluation of selected chaos-based digital communications systems a hot topic in communications and signal processing. "

Advances in electronics have pushed mankind to create devices, ranging from - credible gadgets to medical equipment to spacecraft instruments. More than that, modern society is getting used to-if not dependent on-the comfort, solutions, and astonishing amount of information brought by these devices. One ?eld that has continuously bene?tted from those advances is the radio frequency integrated c- cuit (RFIC) design, which in its turn has promoted countless bene?ts to the mankind as a payback. Wireless communications is one prominent example of what the - vances in electronics have enabled and their consequences to our daily life. How could anyone back in the eighties think of the possibilities opened by the wireless local area networks (WLANs) that can be found today in a host of places, such as public libraries, coffee shops, trains, to name just a few? How can a youngster, who lives this true WLAN experience nowadays, imagine a world without it? This book dealswith the design oflinearCMOS RF PowerAmpli?ers(PAs). The RF PA is a very important part of the RF transceiver, the device that enables wireless communications. Two important aspects that are key to keep the advances in RF PA design at an accelerate pace are treated: ef?ciency enhancement and frequen- tunable capability. For this purpose, the design of two different integrated circuits realizedina0. 11umtechnologyispresented, eachoneaddressingadifferentaspect. With respect to ef?ciency enhancement, the design of a dynamic supply RF power ampli?er is treated, making up the material of Chaps. 2 to 4."

B. Coleman, M.E. Gurtin: Thermodynamics and wave propagation in Elastic and Viscoelastic media.- L. De Vito: Sui fondamenti della meccanica di sistemi continui (II).- G. Fichera: Problemi elastostatici con ambigue condizioni al contorno.- G. Grioli: Sistemi a trasformazioni reversibili.- W. Noll: the foundations of mechanics.- R.A. Toupin: Elasticity and electromagnetic.- C.C. Wang: Subfluids.

Research into microwave radiation from the Earth s surface in the presence of vegetation canopies, as well as the development of algorithms for retrieval of soil and vegetation parameters from microwave radiometric measurements, have been actively conducted for the last thirty years by many scientific groups and organizations all over the world. The capability of the microwave radiometric method to determine soil moisture and vegetation biometric indices was revealed a quarter of a century ago by the author and many of his colleagues. In fact, soil moisture and vegetation covers play a key role in the hydrological cycle and in water and energy transfer on the border of land surface and atmosphere through evaporation and transpiration. Accomplishment of large international projects that include global monitoring of the hydrological state of land surface (EOS Aqua, SMOS, Hydros, and others) shows that microwave radiometry of soil and vegetation more and more has become an instrument of practical application and operational use. In this respect, a systematic account of questions concerning the microwave radiometry of the Earth s surface in the presence of vegetation canopies seems to be useful and is the main objective of the book."

Are you an engineer or manager working on the development and implementation of RFID technology? If so, this book is for you. Covering both passive and active RFID systems, the challenges to RFID implementation are addressed using specific industry research examples and common integration issues. Key topics include RF tag performance optimization, evaluation methodologies for RFID and Real-Time-Location Systems (RTLS) and sensors, EPC network simulation, RFID in the retail supply chain, and applications in product lifecycle management, anti-counterfeiting and cold chain management. The book brings together insights from the world's leading research laboratories in the field, including the Auto-ID Labs at MIT, successor to the Auto-ID Center which developed the Electronic Product Code scheme which is set to become the global standard for product identification.MIT Auto-ID Labs's suite of Open Source code and tools for RFID implementation is available at www.cambridge.org/9780521880930.

Survivable Optical WDM Networks investigates different approaches for designing and operating an optical network with the objectives that (1) more connections can be carried by a given network, leading to more revenue, and (2) connections can recover faster in case of failures, leading to better services. Different networks wavelength-routed WDM networks, wavelength-routed WDM networks with sub-wavelength granularity grooming, and data over next-generation SONET/SDH over WDM networks are covered. Different approaches are proposed to explore every aspect of a protection scheme such as:

(1) Protection granularity: a. At wavelength granularity. b. At sub-wavelength granularity

(2) Protection entity: a. Path protection. b. Sub-path protection. c. Segment protection.

(3) Routing: a. Single-path routing. b. Multi-path routing.

Tradeoffs between different objectives, e.g., resource efficiency vs. recovery time, are explored and practical approaches are proposed and analyzed."

Millimeter-Wave Waveguides is a monograph devoted to open waveguides for millimeter wave applications. In the first chapters, general waveguide theory is presented (with the emphasis on millimeter wave applications). Next, the book systematically describes the results of both theoretical and experimental studies of rectangular dielectric rod waveguides with high dielectric permittivities. Simple and accurate methods for propagation constant calculations for isotropic as well as anisotropic dielectric waveguides are described. Both analytical and numerical approaches are covered. Different types of transitions have been simulated in order to find optimal configurations as well as optimal dimensions of dielectric waveguides for the frequency band of 75-110 GHz. Simple and effective design is presented. The experimental studies of dielectric waveguides show that Sapphire waveguide can be utilized for this frequency band as a very low-loss waveguide. Design of antennas with low return loss based on dielectric waveguides is also described.

Joseph F. White has studied, worked, and taught in all aspects of microwave semiconductor materials, control diodes, and circuit applications. He is thoroughly grounded in the physics and math ematics of the field, but has primarily the engineer's viewpoint, combining basic knowledge with experience and ingenuity to gen erate practical designs under constraints of required performance and costs of development and production. As a result of his teach ing experience and numerous technical papers and oral presenta tions, he has developed a clear, well-organized writing style that makes this book easy to use as a self-teaching text, a reference volume, and a design handbook. Dr. White believes that an engineer must have a good understand ing of semiconductor physics, a thorough knowledge of microwave circuit theory, at least an elementary acquaintance with transistor drivers, and the ability to check and refine a microwave circuit on a computer terminal to be qualified for modern, creative design of microwave semiconductor control components. These subjects are well covered in approximately the first half of the book; the second half treats the general and specific design of switches, at tenuators, limiters, duplexers, and phase shifters, with many ex amples drawn from his experience and that of others."

Next-generation high-speed Internet backbone networks will be required to support a broad range of emerging applications which may not only require significant bandwidth, but may also have strict quality of service (QoS) requirements. Furthermore, the traffic from such applications are expected to be highly bursty in nature. For such traffic, the allocation of static fixed-bandwidth circuits may lead to the over-provisioning of bandwidth resources in order to meet QoS requirements. Optical burst switching (OBS) is a promising new technique which attempts to address the problem of efficiently allocating resources for bursty traffic. In OBS, incoming data is assembled into bursts at the edges of the network, and when the burst is ready to be sent, resources in the network are reserved only for the duration of the burst. The reservation of resources is typically made by an out-of-band one-way control message which precedes the burst by some offset time. By reserving resources only for the duration of the burst, a greater degree of utilization may be achieved in the network. This book provides an overview of optical burst switching. Design and research issues involved in the development of OBS networks are discussed, and approaches to providing QoS in OBS networks are presented. Topics include: - Optical burst switching node and network architectures - Burst assembly - Signaling protocols - Contention resolution - Burst scheduling - Quality of service in OBS networks

While many articles have been written on microwave devices, a great majority of them are prepared for specialists dealing in specific aspects of microwave engineering. At the same time, material at a fundamental level in tutorial form is extremely limited, especially for stu dents who need to acquire basic knowledge in the field. Individuals seeking to gain a prelim inary understanding of microwave circuits are usually relegated with little success to the end less search from one reference source to another. For non-experts, sequential derivations of basic relations are rarely available and extremely difficult to locate. The purpose of this volume is to collect in one place the essential fundamental principles for a group of microwave devices. The chosen devices are those which form the basic modules found in practical microwave systems. Thus, these devices provide the crucial build ing blocks in common microwave systems, and their inherent characteristics are also the basis of some of the fundamental concepts in more complex devices. The material is presented in a continuous, self-contained manner. With the appropriate background, readers should be able to follow and understand the contents without the need for additional references.

Optical Solitons represent one of the most exciting and fascinating concepts in modern communications, arousing special interest due to their potential applications in optical fibre communication. This volume focuses on the explicit integration of analytical and experimental methods in nonlinear fibre optics and integrated optics. It covers all important recent technical issues in optical-soliton communication. For example, individual chapters are devoted to topics such as dispersion management and fibre Bragg grating. All authors are leading authorities in their fields.

This book presents several circuits that are required for the full integration of an optical transmitter in standard CMOS. The main emphasis is placed on high-speed receivers with a bitrate of up to 1 Gb/s. The possibility of including the photodiode in a receiver is investigated and the problems encountered are discussed.

This book is based on my doctoral thesis at the Helsinki University of Technology. Several different projects during five years guided me from the basics of the RF IC design to the implementations of highly integrated radio receiver chips. Sharing time and effort between IC and system issues is not always straightforward. I have been lucky to follow both topics and share experiences with diligent and enthusiastic people having different specialities. As a result, this book will cover a wide range of different topics needed in the design of highly integrated radio receivers. Experiences from the first receiver prototypes for the third generation cellular systems form the basis of this book. Most of the issues are directly related to the early proposals of European and Japanese standardization organizations. For example, the chip rate was originally set to 4. 096 Mcps in a wide-band CDMA channel. I have kept that number in the book in most of the examples although it has been later changed to 3. 84 Mcps. I hope that the readers will accept that and the possible other incompabilities to the latest specifications. At least in the research phase the changes even in the most essential requirements are definitely not a rare incident and IC designers should be able to react and modify their designs as soon as they can.

Nonlinearities and optics, optoelectronics and fiber communications are discussed systematically in this book. In a unified theoretical treatment, the book addresses the three categories of materials: fibers, semiconductors, and nonlinear crystals. In each case emphasis is placed on the nonlinear character of their refractive indices and optical absorption. The text also gives an in-depth analysis of the uses and limitations of phontonic nonlinearities with regard to wavelength division multiplexing and high-speed fiber communications. It will be of interest to graduate students as well as researchers and engineers in the fields of nonlinear optics and optical communications.

For the first time, a reference on the most relevant applications of adaptive filtering techniques. Top researchers in the field contributed chapters addressing applications in acoustics, speech, wireless and networking, where research is still very active and open.

In 1991 this author published a monograph l] based on his experience teaching microwave hybrid materials and processing technology at the annual ISHM (now the International Microelectronics and Packaging Society, IMAPS) symposia. Since that time, the course has been presented at that venue and on-site at a number of industrial and government organizations. The course has been continually revised to reflect the many evolutionary changes in materials and processes. Microwave technology has existed for almost 175 years. It was only after the invention of the klystron, just before World War II, that microwave design and manufacture moved from a few visionaries to the growth the industry sees today. Over the last decade alone there have been exploding applications for all types of high frequency electronics in the miltary, automotive, wireless, computer, telecommunications and medical industries. These have placed demands, unimaginable a decade ago, on designs, materials, processes and equipment to meet the ever expanding requirements for increasingly reliable, smaller, faster and lower cost circuits.

Optical Burst Switching (OBS) offers a promising switching technique to support huge bandwidth requirements in optical backbone networks that use Wavelength Division Multiplexing. This book details the quality of service (QoS) issue in OBS networks. It examines the basic mechanisms to improve overall QoS in OBS networks as well as discusses the relative QoS differentiation among multiple service classes in OBS networks. Coverage also details absolute QoS provisioning in OBS networks, end-to-end QoS provisioning in OBS networks, and some non-mainstream research issues and future research directions in OBS networks.

Today, wireless infrared transmission has entered our homes, offices, industry and health care, with applications in the field of remote control, telemetry, and local communication. This book is about the underlying technology. As it is an outgrowth of my Ph.D. thesis, the emphasis is on fundamental aspects rather than industrial aspects, like the standardization effort by the IrDA [7]. I guess that this is not a drawback, as, eventually, the laws of physics apply to all of us! As the applied radiation is not necessarily in the infrared, throughout the book we usually prefer the term optical transmission. As most equipment is battery-powered, the emphasis is on power optimiza tion of the optical transmission system. System parameters as well as environ mental parameters that determine the eventual transmission quality are iden tified, to facilitate well-reasoned system design. Many design rules, based on calculations, measurements and simulations are presented to help the designer push the performance close to the limits set by nature and the available tech nology. The first chapters introduce the subject and the present the scope of the book. Then, the basic transmission link is introduced in chapter 3, and strate gies to optimize its signal-to-noise ratio are discussed. Lighting flicker is identi fied as a possible source of interference. Then, receiver noise and bandwidth are discussed in chapter 4, mainly based on the material presented in [66], [67], [69].

There are wide-ranging implications in information security beyond national defense. Securing our information has implications for virtually all aspects of our lives, including protecting the privacy of our ?nancial transactions and medical records, facilitating all operations of government, maintaining the integrity of national borders, securing important facilities, ensuring the safety of our food and commercial products, protecting the safety of our aviation system-even safeguarding the integrity of our very identity against theft. Information security is a vital element in all of these activities, particularly as information collection and distribution become ever more connected through electronic information delivery systems and commerce. This book encompasses results of research investigation and technologies that can be used to secure, protect, verify, and authenticate objects and inf- mation from theft, counterfeiting, and manipulation by unauthorized persons and agencies. The book has drawn on the diverse expertise in optical sciences and engineering, digital image processing, imaging systems, information p- cessing, mathematical algorithms, quantum optics, computer-based infor- tion systems, sensors, detectors, and biometrics to report novel technologies that can be applied to information-security issues. The book is unique because it has diverse contributions from the ?eld of optics, which is a new emerging technology for security, and digital techniques that are very accessible and can be interfaced with optics to produce highly e?ective security systems.

This is the world s first edited book on independent component analysis (ICA)-based blind source separation (BSS) of convolutive mixtures of speech. This book brings together a small number of leading researchers to provide tutorial-like and in-depth treatment on major ICA-based BSS topics, with the objective of becoming the definitive source for current, comprehensive, authoritative, and yet accessible treatment.

This is a comprehensive tutorial on the emerging technology of free-space laser communications (FSLC). The book offers an all-inclusive source of information on the basics of FSLC, and a review of state-of-the-art technologies. Coverage includes atmospheric effects for laser propagation and FSLC systems performance and design. Free-Space Laser Communications is a valuable resource for engineers, scientists and students interested in laser communication systems designed for the atmospheric optical channel.

Novel Technologies for Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Applications provides an overview of current research status in selected field, to facilitate a learning process from concepts to practices, from component design to system architecture, and from small scale to large scale. Each chapter focuses on a topic and is organized to be self-sufficient. Contents in each chapter include concise description of relevant background information, major issues, current trend and future challenges. Useful references are also listed for further reading. Novel Technologies for Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Applications is suitable as a textbook for senior or graduate courses in microwave engineering.