A comprehensive survey of advanced multilevel converter design, control, operation and grid-connected applications Advanced Multilevel Converters and Applications in Grid Integration presents a comprehensive review of the core principles of advanced multilevel converters, which require fewer components and provide higher power conversion efficiency and output power quality. The authors - noted experts in the field - explain in detail the operation principles and control strategies and present the mathematical expressions and design procedures of their components. The text examines the advantages and disadvantages compared to the classical multilevel and two level power converters. The authors also include examples of the industrial applications of the advanced multilevel converters and offer thoughtful explanations on their control strategies. Advanced Multilevel Converters and Applications in Grid Integration provides a clear understanding of the gap difference between research conducted and the current industrial needs. This important guide: Puts the focus on the new challenges and topics in related areas such as modulation methods, harmonic analysis, voltage balancing and balanced current injection Makes a strong link between the fundamental concepts of power converters and advances multilevel converter topologies and examines their control strategies, together with practical engineering considerations Provides a valid reference for further developments in the multilevel converters design issue Contains simulations files for further study Written for university students in electrical engineering, researchers in areas of multilevel converters, high-power converters and engineers and operators in power industry, Advanced Multilevel Converters and Applications in Grid Integration offers a comprehensive review of the core principles of advanced multilevel converters, with contributions from noted experts in the field.

This book targets new trends in microwave engineering by downscaling components and devices for industrial purposes such as miniaturization and function densification, in association with the new approach of activation by a confined optical remote control. It covers the fundamental groundwork of the structure, property, characterization methods and applications of 1D and 2D nanostructures, along with providing the necessary knowledge on atomic structure, how it relates to the material band-structure and how this in turn leads to the amazing properties of these structures. It thus provides new graduates, PhD students and post-doctorates with a resource equipping them with the knowledge to undertake their research.

In order to analyze the light of cosmic objects, particularly at extremely great distances, spectroscopy is the workhorse of astronomy. In the era of very large telescopes, long-term investigations are mainly performed with small professional instruments. Today they can be done using self-designed spectrographs and highly efficient CCD cameras, without the need for large financial investments. This book explains the basic principles of spectroscopy, including the fundamental optical constraints and all mathematical aspects needed to understand the working principles in detail. It covers the complete theoretical and practical design of standard and Echelle spectrographs. Readers are guided through all necessary calculations, enabling them to engage in spectrograph design. The book also examines data acquisition with CCD cameras and fiber optics, as well as the constraints of specific data reduction and possible sources of error. In closing it briefly highlights some main aspects of the research on massive stars and spectropolarimetry as an extension of spectroscopy. The book offers a comprehensive introduction to spectroscopy for students of physics and astronomy, as well as a valuable resource for amateur astronomers interested in learning the principles of spectroscopy and spectrograph design.

This landmark monograph presents the most recent mathematical developments in the analysis of ionospheric distortions of SAR images and offers innovative new strategies for their mitigation. As a prerequisite to addressing these topics, the book also discusses the radar ambiguity theory as it applies to synthetic aperture imaging and the propagation of radio waves through the ionospheric plasma, including the anisotropic and turbulent cases. In addition, it covers a host of related subjects, such as the mathematical modeling of extended radar targets (as opposed to point-wise targets) and the scattering of radio waves off those targets, as well as the theoretical analysis of the start-stop approximation, which is used routinely in SAR signal processing but often without proper justification. The mathematics in this volume is clean and rigorous - no assumptions are hidden or ambiguously stated. The resulting work is truly interdisciplinary, providing both a comprehensive and thorough exposition of the field, as well as an accurate account of a range of relevant physical processes and phenomena. The book is intended for applied mathematicians interested in the area of radar imaging or, more generally, remote sensing, as well as physicists and electrical/electronic engineers who develop/operate spaceborne SAR sensors and perform the data processing. The methods in the book are also useful for researchers and practitioners working on other types of imaging. Moreover, the book is accessible to graduate students in applied mathematics, physics, engineering, and related disciplines. Praise for Transionospheric Synthetic Aperture Imaging: "I perceive that this text will mark a turning point in the field of synthetic aperture radar research and practice. I believe this text will instigate a new era of more rigorous image formation relieving the research, development and practitioner communities of inconsistent physical assumptions and numerical approaches." - Richard Albanese, Senior Scientist, Albanese Defense and Energy Development LLC

Focusing on the physical properties of diamond and sapphire, this monograph provides readers with essential details on crystal structure and growth, mechanical properties, thermal properties, optical properties, light scattering of diamond and sapphire crystals, and sapphire lasers. Various physical properties are comprehensively discussed: Mechanical properties include hardness, tensile strength, compressive strength, and Young's modulus. Thermal properties include thermal expansion, specific heat, and thermal conductivity. Optical properties of diamond and sapphire include transmission, refractive index, and absorption. Light scattering includes Raman scattering and Brillouin scattering. Sapphire lasers include chromium-doped and titanium-doped lasers. Aimed at researchers and industry professionals working in materials science, physics, electrical engineering, and related fields, this monograph is the first to concentrate solely on physical properties of these increasingly important materials.

This book presents the proceedings of the International Conference on Wireless Intelligent and Distributed Environment for Communication (WIDECOM 2019), sponsored by the University of Milan, Milan, Italy, February 11-13, 2019. The conference deals both with the important core and the specialized issues in the areas of new dependability paradigms design and performance of dependable network computing and mobile systems, as well as issues related to the security of these systems. The WIDECOM proceedings features papers addressing issues related to the design, analysis, and implementation, of infrastructures, systems, architectures, algorithms, and protocols that deal with network computing, mobile/ubiquitous systems, cloud systems, and IoT systems. It is a valuable reference for researchers, instructors, students, scientists, engineers, managers, and industry practitioners. The book's structure and content is organized in such a manner that makes it useful at a variety of learning levels. Presents the proceedings of the International Conference on Wireless Intelligent and Distributed Environment for Communication (WIDECOM 2019), Milan, Italy, February 11-13, 2019; Includes an array of topics networking computing, mobile/ubiquitous systems, cloud systems, and IoT systems; Addresses issues related to protecting information security and establishing trust in the digital space.

Propagation Engineering in Wireless Communications covers the basic principles needed for understanding of radiowaves propagation for common frequency bands used
in radio-communications. This book includes descriptions of new achievements and new developements in propagation models for wireless communication. The book is intended to bridge the gap between the theoretical calculations and approaches to the applied procedures needed for radio links design in a proper manner. The authors intention is to emphasize propagation engineering by giving sufficient fundamental information and then going on to explain the use of basic principles together with technical achievements in this field."

This volume contains revised and extended research articles written by prominent researchers participating in the ICF4C 2011 conference. 2011 International Conference on Future Communication, Computing, Control and Management (ICF4C 2011) has been held on December 16-17, 2011, Phuket, Thailand. Topics covered include intelligent computing, network management, wireless networks, telecommunication, power engineering, control engineering, Signal and Image Processing, Machine Learning, Control Systems and Applications, The book will offer the states of arts of tremendous advances in Computing, Communication, Control, and Management and also serve as an excellent reference work for researchers and graduate students working on Computing, Communication, Control, and Management Research.

This book presents the design, development and field trials of radio frequency based wireless monitoring system for sleep apnoea patients. It contains 4 major areas including general background of wireless monitoring technology and MIMO in wireless body area network (WBAN), microwave hardware designs, virtual MIMO in WBAN and hardware system level implementation and field trials. At components level, this book presents the design theory, process and examples of bandpass filters, lowpass filters, low profile patch antennas, power amplifiers and oscillators which are the key elements in transducer designs in the body area network and cooperative communication wireless sensor network system. At system level, this book features the hardware integration, field trial and network coding techniques. This book also gives a presentation of virtual MIMO applications, e.g. MIMO implementation using FPGA, correlation coefficient measurement. The book will create impact in the fields of wireless monitoring technology in biomedical engineering, which have been growing exponentially.

Metal oxide nanoparticles exhibit potential applications in energy and environmental fields, such as solar cells, fuel cells, hydrogen energy, and energy storage devices. This book covers all points from synthesis, properties, and applications of transition metal oxide nanoparticle materials in energy storage and conversion devices. Aimed at graduate-level students and researchers associated with the energy and environment sector, this book addresses the application of nontoxic and environmentally friendly metal oxide materials for a clean environment and deals with synthesis properties and application metal oxides materials for energy conversion, energy storage, and hydrogen generation.

We are always surrounded by electromagnetic waves and fields of various spectra. This book explains basic electromagnetic theory with the help of design formulations i.e. mathematical background on antennas along with experimentations, which has made this book unique. The main purpose of this book is to embed mathematical EM theory of dielectric resonator antennas with experimental validation so that understanding of concepts takes place. Initially, basic understanding of philosophy of dielectric resonators has been discussed, then it is supported with mathematical modeling and later same is implemented with its prototype model along with experimentations. The modes theory gives important analysis on currents distribution, impedance analysis and radiation pattern in DRA. Circular polarization can built signal robustness, case studies on circular polarization has been included. Equivalent RLC circuit concept has been introduced. Challenges of switching from microwave to terahertz has been briefly discussed. Nano DRA will revolutionize the wireless technology. Nano DRA ,Terahertz DRA and Quantum DRA have analyzed and studied.

This book reports on a new radome wall configuration based on an inhomogeneous planar layer, which overcomes current fabrication constraints in radome design and yields improved electromagnetic (EM) characteristics. The book also includes a detailed description of radomes and antenna-radome interaction studies for different radome wall configurations. The radome wall was designed using the equivalent transmission line method (EQTLM), since it requires less computational speed and provides accurate results. In order to substantiate the accuracy of the results obtained using EQTLM, the simulated results based on full wave methods like CST Microwave Studio Suite are also included. The EM performance analysis of the antenna-radome system for two radome shapes, tangent ogive (for airborne applications) and hemispherical (for ground-based applications), was performed using Geometric Optics Method in conjunction with the Aperture Integration Method. To show the efficacy of the new design, a comparison of performance characteristics between the novel radome and conventional wall configurations is also included. Lastly, it presents antenna-radome interaction studies for various aperture distributions. The book offers a unique resource for all researchers working in the area of microwave radomes.

This open access book describes modern applications of computational human modeling with specific emphasis in the areas of neurology and neuroelectromagnetics, depression and cancer treatments, radio-frequency studies and wireless communications. Special consideration is also given to the use of human modeling to the computational assessment of relevant regulatory and safety requirements. Readers working on applications that may expose human subjects to electromagnetic radiation will benefit from this book's coverage of the latest developments in computational modelling and human phantom development to assess a given technology's safety and efficacy in a timely manner. Describes construction and application of computational human models including anatomically detailed and subject specific models; Explains new practices in computational human modeling for neuroelectromagnetics, electromagnetic safety, and exposure evaluations; Includes a survey of modern applications for which computational human models are critical; Describes cellular-level interactions between the human body and electromagnetic fields.

Microwave and radio frequency (RF) elements play an important role in communication systems, and, due to the proliferation of radar, satellite and mobile wireless systems, there is a need for the study of electromagnetism. Each of the nine chapters of this book provides a complete analysis and modeling of the microwave structure used for emission or reception technology, providing students with a set of approaches that can be used for current and future RF and microwave circuit designs. The authors emphasize the practical nature of the subject by summarizing the analysis steps and giving numerous examples of problems and exercises complete with solutions, making this book theoretical, but also experimental, with over 16 microwave problems. This approach has produced a coherent and practical treatment of the subject. The book has grown out of the authors own teaching and, as such, has a unity of methodology and style. It provides basic knowledge of microwave and RF range and is intended for microwave engineers and for advanced graduate students.

The new edition will discuss recent advances in computer modeling, including how fields generated outside the body are distributed inside and how various frequencies may interact differently with natural biological or biochemical cycles. It covers the basic biological, medical, physical, and electrical engineering principles and experimental results concerning how electric and magnetic fields affect biological systems-both as potential hazards to health and as potential tools for medical treatment and scientific research. It also briefly includes material on the relationship between the science and the regulatory processes concerning human exposure to the fields.

Electrical Engineering High-Power Microwave Sources and Technologies A volume in the IEEE Press Series on RF and Microwave Technology Roger D. Pollard and Richard Booton, Series Editors Written by a prolific group of leading researchers, High-Power Microwave Sources and Technologies focuses primarily on the high-power microwave (HPM) technology most appropriate for military applications. It highlights the advances achieved from 1995 to 2000 as the result of a US Department of Defense (DoD) funded, $15 million Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) program. The grant created a synergy between researchers in the DoD laboratories and the academic community, and established links with the microwave vacuum electronics industry, which has led to unprecedented collaborations that transcend laboratory and disciplinary boundaries. This essential reference provides the history, state-of-the-art, and possible future of HPM source research and technologies. The first alternative to the multiplicity of detailed applications-based HPM books and journal articles, this book familiarizes the reader with recent advances in this rapidly changing field. It presents a compendium of valuable information on HPM sources, representing significant enabling technologies, including beam and rf control, cathodes, windows, and computational techniques. The era of utilizing computational techniques to electronically design an HPM source prior to actually building the hardware has arrived. Gain insight into proven techniques and solutions that will enhance your source design. High-Power Microwave Sources and Technologies is an invaluable resource to researchers active in the field, faculty, graduateand post-graduate students. Special Note: All royalties realized from the sale of this book will fund the future research and publications activities of graduate students in the HPM field.

Magnonics, a research field that uses spin waves, collective excitations of ordered magnetic materials, or magnons (their quanta) as a tool for signal processing, communication, and computation, has rapidly grown during the past decade because of the low-energy consumption and potential compatibility with next-generation circuits beyond CMOS electronics. The interest in 3D magnonic nanostructures follows the latest trend in conventional electronics based on expansion from 2D planar to 3D vertically integrated structures. To remain on the same technological level, a similar expansion should be realized in magnonics. Following this trend, this book provides an overview of recent developments in the exploitation of the third dimension in magnonics, with special focus on the propagation of spin waves in layered magnonic crystals, spin textures, curved surfaces, 3D nano-objects, and cavity magnonics.

The Third Edition of Ceramic Materials for Electronics studies a wide range of ceramic materials, including insulators, conductors, piezoelectrics, and ferroelectrics, through detailed discussion of their properties, characterization, fabrication, and applications in electronics. The author summarizes the latest trends and advancements in the field, and explores important topics such as ceramic thin film, functional device technology, and thick film technology. Edited by a leading expert on the subject, this new edition includes more than 150 pages of new information; restructured reference materials, figures, and tables; as well as additional device application-oriented segments.

A comprehensive, self-contained text/reference for practical problem solving Fundamentals of Microwave Transmission Lines Invaluable as a self-study text and reference source for both professional engineers and engineering students, Fundamentals of Microwave Transmission Lines is the complete guide to solving microwave transmission problems. Its easy-to-use, self-study format facilitates mastery of the underlying physics and mathematics of the phenomena. One hundred and twenty-six completely solved example problems, which range from simple exercises to descriptive design procedures, expand and clarify solutions to problems often encountered on the job. And, since transmission lines lie at the core of distributed circuit analysis and microwave circuit design, this book's thorough coverage of the material will serve the reader well in related projects in eletromagnetics.

Major topics include: Introduction to Distributed Circuits Mathematics of Traveling Waves Coupled Lines Time Domain Topics Sinusoidal Steady State The Smith Chart Single Frequency Matching

Delay- and Disruption Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are networks subject to arbitrarily long-lived disruptions in connectivity and therefore cannot guarantee end-to-end connectivity at all times. Consequently DTNs called for novel core networking protocols since most existing Internet protocols rely on the network's ability to maintain end-to-end communication between participating nodes. This book presents the fundamental principles that underline DTNs. It explains the state-of-the-art on DTNs, their architecture, protocols, and applications. It also explores DTN's future technological trends and applications. Its main goal is to serve as a reference for researchers and practitioners.

This book provides a solid overview of mobile phone programming for readers in both academia and industry. Coverage includes all commercial realizations of the Symbian, Windows Mobile and Linux platforms. The text introduces each programming language (JAVA, Python, C/C++) and offers a set of development environments "step by step," to help familiarize developers with limitations, pitfalls, and challenges.

The history of information and communications technologies (ICT) has been paved by both evolutive paths and challenging alternatives, so-called emerging devices and architectures. Their introduction poses the issues of state variable definition, information processing, and process integration in 2D, above IC, and in 3D. This book reviews the capabilities of integrated nanosystems to match low power and high performance either by hybrid and heterogeneous CMOS in 2D/3D or by emerging devices for alternative sensing, actuating, data storage, and processing. The choice of future ICTs will need to take into account not only their energy efficiency but also their sustainability in the global ecosystem.

Heterostructured nanoparticles have the capability for a broad range of novel and enhanced properties, which leads to appealing biomedical and environmental applications. This timely new book addresses the design and preparation of multiphase nanomaterials with desired size, shape, phase composition, and crystallinity, as well as their current applications. It emphasizes key examples to motivate deeper studies, including nanomaterial-based hyperthermia treatment of cancer, nanohybrids for water purification, nanostructures used in the removal or detection of bioagents from waste water, and so on. Features Presents state of the art research on heterostructured nanomaterials, from their synthesis and physiochemical properties to current environmental and biological applications. Includes details on toxicity and risk assessment of multifunctional nanomaterials. Discusses recent developments and utilization in healthcare by leading experts. Introduces the main features of functionalization of nanomaterials in terms of desired size, shape, phase composition, surface functionalization/coating, toxicity, and geometry. Emphasizes practical applications in the environmental and biomedical sectors.

This book presents recent theoretical and experimental results of localized optical modes and low-threshold lasing in spiral photonic media. Efficient applications of localized modes for low-threshold lasing at the frequencies of localized modes are a central topic of the book's new chapters. Attention is paid to the analytical approach to the problem. The book focuses on one of the most extensively studied media in this field, cholesteric liquid crystals. The chosen model, in the absence of dielectric interfaces, allows to remove the problem of polarization mixing at surfaces, layers and defect structures. It allows to reduce the corresponding equations to the equations for light of diffracting polarization only. The problem concentrates then on the edge and defect optical modes. The possibility to reduce the lasing threshold due to an anomalously strong absorption effect is presented theoretically for distributed feedback lasing. It is shown that a minimum of the threshold-pumping wave intensity can be reached for the pumping wave frequency coinciding with the localized mode frequency (what can be reached for a pumping wave propagating at a certain angle to the helical axes). Analytic expressions for transmission and reflection coefficients are presented. In the present second edition, experimental observations of theoretically revealed phenomena in spiral photonic media are discussed. The main results obtained for spiral media are qualitatively valid for photonic crystals of any nature and therefore may be applied as a guide to investigations of other photonic crystals where the corresponding theory is more complicated and demands a numerical approach. It is demonstrated that many optical phenomena occurring at the frequencies of localized modes reveal unusual properties which can be used for efficient applications of the corresponding phenomena, efficient frequency conversion and low threshold lasing, e.g. For the convenience of the reader, an introduction is given to conventional linear and nonlinear optics of structured periodic media. This book is valuable to researchers, postgraduate, and graduate students active in theoretical and experimental physics in the field of interaction of radiation with condensed matter.

This book covers the main physical mechanisms and the different contributions (1/f noise, shot noise, etc.) behind electronic fluctuations in various spintronic devices. It presents the first comprehensive summary of fundamental noise mechanisms in both electronic and spintronic devices and is therefore unique in that aspect. The pedagogic introduction to noise is complemented by a detailed description of how one could set up a noise measurement experiment in the lab. A further extensive description of the recent progress in understanding and controlling noise in spintronics, including the boom in 2D devices, molecular spintronics, and field sensing, is accompanied by both numerous bibliography references and tens of case studies on the fundamental aspects of noise and on some important qualitative steps to understand noise in spintronics. Moreover, a detailed discussion of unsolved problems and outlook make it an essential textbook for scientists and students desiring to exploit the information hidden in noise in both spintronics and conventional electronics.