This book explores several key issues in beam phase space dynamics in plasma-based wakefield accelerators. It reveals the phase space dynamics of ionization-based injection methods by identifying two key phase mixing processes. Subsequently, the book proposes a two-color laser ionization injection scheme for generating high-quality beams, and assesses it using particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. To eliminate emittance growth when the beam propagates between plasma accelerators and traditional accelerator components, a method using longitudinally tailored plasma structures as phase space matching components is proposed. Based on the aspects above, a preliminary design study on X-ray free-electron lasers driven by plasma accelerators is presented. Lastly, an important type of numerical noise-the numerical Cherenkov instabilities in particle-in-cell codes-is systematically studied.

The extended and revised edition of this textbook provides essential information for a comprehensive upper-level graduate course on the crystalline growth of semiconductor heterostructures. Heteroepitaxy is the basis of today's advanced electronic and optoelectronic devices, and it is considered one of the most important fields in materials research and nanotechnology. The book discusses the structural and electronic properties of strained epitaxial layers, the thermodynamics and kinetics of layer growth, and it describes the major growth techniques: metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy, molecular-beam epitaxy, and liquid-phase epitaxy. It also examines in detail cubic and hexagonal semiconductors, strain relaxation by misfit dislocations, strain and confinement effects on electronic states, surface structures, and processes during nucleation and growth. Requiring only minimal knowledge of solid-state physics, it provides natural sciences, materials science and electrical engineering students and their lecturers elementary introductions to the theory and practice of epitaxial growth, supported by references and over 300 detailed illustrations. In this second edition, many topics have been extended and treated in more detail, e.g. in situ growth monitoring, application of surfactants, properties of dislocations and defects in organic crystals, and special growth techniques like vapor-liquid-solid growth of nanowires and selective-area epitaxy.

Co-authored by an international research group with a long-standing cooperation, this book focuses on engineering-oriented electromagnetic and thermal field modeling and application. It presents important contributions, including advanced and efficient finite element analysis used in the solution of electromagnetic and thermal field problems for large and multi-scale engineering applications involving application script development; magnetic measurement of both magnetic materials and components under various, even extreme conditions, based on well-established (standard and non-standard) experimental systems; and multi-level validation based on both industrial test systems and extended TEAM P21 benchmarking platform. Although these are challenging topics, they are useful for readers from both academia and industry.

This one-semester textbook teaches students Electromagnetic Waves, via an early introduction to Maxwell's Equations in the first chapter. Mathematics fundamentals are used as needed, but rigor is de-emphasized in preference to understanding the basic ideas and principles of EM waves. Each chapter includes extensive, step-by-step, solved examples, as well as abundant exercises. Designed for a one-semester course in electromagnetic waves; Introduces Maxwell's equations in the first chapter; De-emphasizes mathematical rigor in order to make key ideas and principles easy to understand; Makes material accessible to readers of varying backgrounds, with extensive use of solved examples; Includes abundant exercises for each chapter.

This book presents the principles and applications of optical fiber communication based on digital signal processing (DSP) for both single and multi-carrier modulation signals. In the context of single carrier modulation, it describes DSP for linear and nonlinear optical fiber communication systems, discussing all-optical Nyquist modulation signal generation and processing, and how to use probabilistic and geometrical shaping to improve the transmission performance. For multi-carrier modulation, it examines DSP-based OFDM signal generation and detection and presents 4D and high-order modulation formats. Lastly, it demonstrates how to use artificial intelligence in optical fiber communication. As such it is a useful resource for students, researches and engineers in the field of optical fiber communication.

This book comprises select proceedings of the International Conference on VLSI, Communication and Signal processing (VCAS 2018). It looks at latest research findings in VLSI design and applications. The book covers a wide range of topics in electronics and communication engineering, especially in the area of microelectronics and VLSI design, communication systems and networks, and image and signal processing. The contents of this book will be useful to researchers and professionals alike.

This book focuses on the modelling methodology of microstrip interconnects, discussing various structures of single-input multiple-output (SIMO) tree interconnects for signal integrity (SI) engineering. Further, it describes lumped and distributed transmission line elements based on single-input single-output (SIMO) models of symmetric and asymmetric trees, and investigates more complicated phenomenon, such as interbranch coupling. The modelling approaches are based on the analytical methods using the Z-, Y- and T-matrices. The established method enables the S-parameters and voltage transfer function of SIMO tree to be determined. Providing illustrative results with frequency and time domain analyses for each tree interconnect structure, the book is a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and graduate students in fields of analogue, RF/microwave, digital and mixed circuit design, SI and manufacturing engineering.

This book covers key theoretical and practical aspects of optics, photonics and lasers. It addresses optical instrumentation and metrology, photonic and optoelectronic materials and devices, nanophotonics, organic and bio-photonics and high-field phenomena. Researchers, engineers, students and practitioners interested in any of these fields will find a wealth of new methods, technologies, advanced prototypes, systems, tools and techniques, as well as general surveys outlining future directions.

This book describes systematically wireless power transfer technology using magnetic resonant coupling and electric resonant coupling and presents the latest theoretical and phenomenological approaches to its practical implementation, operation and its applications. It also discusses the difference between electromagnetic induction and magnetic resonant coupling, the characteristics of various types of resonant circuit topologies and the unique features of magnetic resonant coupling methods. Designed to be self-contained, this richly illustrated book is a valuable resource for a broad readership, from researchers to engineers and anyone interested in cutting-edge technologies in wireless power transfer.

This book gathers selected research papers presented at the International Conference on Power, Control and Communication Infrastructure 2019 (ICPCCI 2019), organized by the Institute of Infrastructure, Technology, Research and Management (IITRAM), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, on July 4-5, 2019. It presents technological developments in the fields of communications infrastructure which comprise of architecture, products, and network connections that allow for communications over the long distances. The book includes some innovative ideas in the field of communication infrastructure, specially satellite communication, navigation systems, artificial neural network, encryption techniques, and some other infrastructure-related developments. The solution approaches provided in this book encourage and inspire researchers, industry professionals, and policymakers to put these methods into practice.

The Laser world consists basically of two areas, which are necessary and in many cases also sufficient for effective innovation: The right laser for the right application. For the individual application that means the determination of optimized process parameters in terms of laser power, peak power/ intensity, focus geometry and dimension, pulse length, pulse repetition rate and wavelength to name only the six most important ones. Once these parameters are identified, the corresponding Laser has to be selected on the basis of commercial availability. Obviously there is no such thing than "One Laser for all". The situation is rather comparable with electrical power, were depending on the demand of the application in terms of voltage, current and time corresponding power supplies need to be tailored, however, with the difference that in the case of the Laser the variety of parameters is even higher, thus the technology is more complex but on the other hand much more flexible in terms optimizing the source to the application. As a consequence it is suggested to generate two volumes on Lasers and Applications named "Tailored Light".

This book highlights the tools and processes used to produce high-quality glass molded optics using commercially available equipment. Combining scientific data with easy-to-understand explanations of specific molding issues and general industry information based on firsthand studies and experimentation, it provides useful formulas for readers involved in developing develop in-house molding capabilities, or those who supply molded glass optics. Many of the techniques described are based on insights gained from industry and research over the past 50 years, and can easily be applied by anyone familiar with glass molding or optics manufacturing. There is an abundance of information from around the globe, but knowledge comes from the application of information, and there is no knowledge without experience. This book provides readers with information, to allow them to gain knowledge and achieve success in their glass molding endeavors.

Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology is a twenty-first century transmission line that has evolved recently to open new doors to the development of efficient circuits and devices operating in the microwave and millimeter-wave frequency range. Microstrip circuits and devices are inefficient at high frequency applications and require very stringent manufacturing tolerances when used to implement microwave and millimeter-wave components. This is as a result of the fact that wavelengths are short at higher frequencies. Waveguide circuits and devices are preferred for higher frequency applications, but they are expensive and difficult to manufacture. It is also very challenging to integrate a waveguide device with planar devices in its vicinity. The SIW bridges the gap between the traditional air-filled waveguide and planar transmission lines such as microstrip. Practical Approach to Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Diplexer: Emerging Research and Opportunities is an essential reference source that discusses the development of efficient circuits and devices operating in the microwave and millimeter-wave frequency range through the use of substrate integrated waveguides. Featuring research on topics such as microstrip resonators, circuit model analysis, and quality factor extraction, this book is ideally designed for researchers, engineers, scientists, developers, scholars, practitioners, educators, policymakers, and students.

Continuing advancements in electronics creates the possibility of communicating with more people at greater distances. Such an evolution calls for more efficient techniques and designs in radio communications. Emerging Innovations in Microwave and Antenna Engineering provides innovative insights into theoretical studies on propagation and microwave design of passive and active devices. The content within this publication is separated into three sections: the design of antennas, the design of the antennas for the RFID system, and the design of a new structure of microwave amplifier. Highlighting topics including additive manufacturing technology, design application, and performance characteristics, it is designed for engineers, electricians, researchers, students, and professionals, and covers topics centered on modern antenna and microwave circuits design and theory.

This is a specialized book for researchers and technicians of universities and companies who are interested in the fundamentals of RF power semiconductors, their applications and market penetration.Looking around, we see that products using vacuum tube technology are disappearing. For example, branch tube TVs have changed to liquid crystal TVs, and fluorescent light have turned into LED. The switch from vacuum tube technology to semiconductor technology has progressed remarkably. At the same time, high-precision functionalization, miniaturization and energy saving have advanced. On the other hand, there is a magnetron which is a vacuum tube device for generating microwaves. However, even this vacuum tube technology has come to be replaced by RF power semiconductor technology. In the last few years the price of semiconductors has dropped sharply and its application to microwave heating and energy fields will proceed. In some fields the transition from magnetron microwave oscillator to semiconductor microwave oscillator has already begun. From now on this development will progress remarkably. Although there are several technical books on electrical systems that explain RF power semiconductors, there are no books yet based on users' viewpoints on actual microwave heating and energy fields. In particular, none have been written about exact usage and practical cases, to answer questions such as "What are the advantages and disadvantages of RF power semiconductor oscillator?", "What kind of field can be used?" and the difficulty of the market and application. Based on these issues, this book explains the RF power semiconductors from the user's point of view by covering a very wide range of fields.

This book provides a comprehensive survey of the technology of flash lamp annealing (FLA) for thermal processing of semiconductors. It gives a detailed introduction to the FLA technology and its physical background. Advantages, drawbacks and process issues are addressed in detail and allow the reader to properly plan and perform their own thermal processing. Moreover, this books gives a broad overview of the applications of flash lamp annealing, including a comprehensive literature survey. Several case studies of simulated temperature profiles in real material systems give the reader the necessary insight into the underlying physics and simulations. This book is a valuable reference work for both novice and advanced users.

This textbook, based on the authors' class-tested material, is accessible to students at the advanced undergraduate and graduate level in physics and engineering. While its primary function is didactic, this book's comprehensive choice of topics and its clear and authoritative synthesis of ideas make it a useful reference for researchers, device engineers, and course instructors who wish to consolidate their knowledge of this field. The book takes the semi-classical approach where light is treated as a wave in accordance with the classical Maxwell equations, while matter is governed by quantum theory. It begins by introducing the postulates and mathematical framework of quantum theory, followed by the formalism of the density matrix which allows the transition from microscopic (quantum) quantities to macroscopic (classical) ones. Consequently, the equations describing the reaction of matter to the electromagnetic field in the form of polarization, magnetization, and current are derived. These equations (together with the Maxwell equations) form the complete system of equations sufficient to model a wide class of problems surrounding linear and nonlinear interactions of electromagnetic fields with matter. The nonlinear character of the governing equations determines parameters of the steady-state mode of the quantum generator and is also demonstrated in harmonic generation via propagation of laser radiation in various media. The touchstone description of magnetic phenomena will be of interest to scientists who deal with applications of magneto-resonance phenomena in biology and medicine. Other advanced topics covered include electric dipole transitions, magnetic dipole transitions, plasma transitions, and the devices that can be based on these and other electro-optical and nonlinear-optical systems. This textbook features numerous exercises, some of which are investigatory and some of which require computational solutions.

This book provides a solid foundation for understanding radar energy warfare and stealth technology. The book covers the fundamentals of radar before moving on to more advanced topics, including electronic counter and electronic counter-counter measures, radar absorbing materials, radar cross section, and the science of stealth technology. A final section provides an introduction to Luneberg lens reflectors. The book will provide scientists, engineers, and students with valuable guidance on the fundamentals needed to understand state-of-the-art radar energy warfare and stealth technology research and applications.

This book gathers selected papers from the first International Conference on Optoelectronics and Measurement (ICOM 2018), held in Hangzhou, China on Oct 18-20, 2018. The proceedings focus on the latest developments in the fields of optics, photonics, optoelectronics, sensors, and related measurement technologies. Addressing hot topics in fibre optics, photo detectors and sensors, it also features illustrations of advanced device technologies, explains measurement principles, and shares cutting-edge scientific and technological findings. Accordingly, readers will gain essential insights into the forefront of these fields, and will find not only important technical data, but also new ideas to inspire their own future research.

This book addresses the peculiarities of nonlinear wave propagation in waveguides and explains how the stratification depends on the waveguide and confinement. An example of this is an optical fibre that does not allow light to pass through a density jump. The book also discusses propagation in the nonlinear regime, which is characterized by a specific waveform and amplitude, to demonstrate so-called solitonic behaviour. In this case, a wave may be strongly localized, and propagates with a weak change in shape. In the waveguide case there are additional contributions of dispersion originating from boundary or asymptotic conditions. Offering concrete guidance on solving application problems, this essentially (more than twice) expanded second edition includes various aspects of guided propagation of nonlinear waves as well as new topics like solitonic behaviour of one-mode and multi-mode excitation and propagation and plasma waveguides, propagation peculiarities of electromagnetic waves in metamaterials, new types of dispersion, dissipation, electromagnetic waveguides, planetary waves and plasma waves interaction.The key feature of the solitonic behaviour is based on Coupled KdV and Coupled NS systems. The systems are derived in this book and solved numerically with the proof of stability and convergence. The domain wall dynamics of ferromagnetic microwaveguides and Bloch waves in nano-waveguides are also included with some problems of magnetic momentum and charge transport.

This book highlights recent advances in thin-film photonics, particularly as building blocks of metamaterials and metasurfaces. Recent advances in nanophotonics has demonstrated remarkable control over the electromagnetic field by tailoring the optical properties of materials at the subwavelength scale which results in the emergence of metamaterials and metasurfaces. However, most of the proposed platforms require intense lithography which makes them of minor practical relevance. Stacked ultrathin-films of dielectrics, semi-conductors, and metals are introduced as an alternative platform that perform unique or similar functionalities. This book discusses the new era of thin film photonics and its potential applications in perfect and selective light absorption, structural coloring, biosensing, enhanced spontaneous emission, reconfigurable photonic devices and super lensing.

Microwave filters are the basic building blocks of communication systems. These filters, having reliable and scalable filter topologies with and without tunable properties, are capable of controlling different frequency bands as well as their fractional bandwidth to meet different system needs. There have been significant advances in the synthesis and physical realisation of microwave filter networks, and the design and applications for communication systems. This edited book presents recent advances in planar filter design. It covers a wide range of different design types, technologies and applications for wireless, microwave, communications and radar systems. Written by academic professionals from around the world, this book offers a global perspective on the latest developments in this area. Advances in Planar Filters Design is essential reading for R&D engineers, specialists, research students and academics working on the topic of RF/microwave filters and related system applications and other specialists in RF/microwave engineering.

This book discusses the development of promising technologies for compact antennas for high data-rate communications. It discusses and analyzes the design of compact ultra-wideband (UWB) and multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) antennas, providing essential know-how for designers, practicing engineers and scientists. These wireless communication technologies enable consumers to have convenient access to a wide range of services - anytime, anywhere. And the introduction of wireless mobile access points eliminates the limitations to communication imposed by geographical location. The Internet has allowed people to access and share information much more rapidly, but in order to achieve higher data rates with the limited available resources and imposed constraints, wireless communication technology needs to be pushed beyond the physical limits of the propagation channel. This book contributes to achieving this goal.

This book provides an overview of the current state of the art in novel piezo-composites based on ferroelectrics. Covering aspects ranging from theoretical materials simulation and manufacturing and characterization methods, to the application and performance of these materials, it focuses on the optimization of the material parameters. Presenting the latest findings on modern composites and highlighting the applications of piezoelectric materials for sensors, transducers and hydro-acoustics, the book addresses an important gap in the physics of active dielectrics and materials science and describes new trends in the research on ferroelectric composites.