Multifunctional Antennas (MFA) are comparatively a new area for antenna research and finds applications in various modern wireless radios, like Cognitive Radio (CR) in Software Defined Radio (SDR) technology and MIMO technology. This book is first attempt and an invaluable resource which deals with the design and realization of various kinds of multifunctional antennas. After clearly explaining the exclusive features of MFAs, the book presents various designs of such antennas considering versatile modern and upcoming applications. Written by three internationally known researchers, Multi-Functional Ultra Wideband Antennas: Trends, Techniques and Applications: Provides a lucid introduction on UWB systems, historical perspective and discusses various applications of such systems Discusses fundamentals of antennas and its characterization in time and frequency domains, primarily aimed for the beginners in the area Revisits the design and realization of various classical UWB antennas Discusses various techniques of designing frequency-notched UWB antennas and provide detailed comparison of the techniques Deals with the techniques of deriving multiple antenna functionalities from a single antenna Incorporates exclusive discussions on modern reconfigurable antennas and printed and dielectric resonator based MIMO antennas with clear focus on recent and upcoming technological requirements With Multi-Functional Ultra Wideband Antennas: Trends, Techniques and Applications, antenna engineers, communication system engineers, graduate students, academic/industry researchers will gain a thorough knowledge on design of such antennas with clear physical insight and understanding. Chinmoy Saha, PHD, is an associate Professor in the Department of Avionics at Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. His current research interest includes Microwave Circuits, Engineered Materials, Metamaterial Inspired Antennas and Circuits, reconfigurable and multi-functional antennas for modern wireless applications, Dielectric Resonator antennas, THz antennas and wireless power transfer. He is the author or coauthor of several books, scientific journals and recipient of several prestigious awards. Jawad Yaseen Siddiqui, PHD, is an associate Professor in the Department of Radio Physics and Electronics at University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India. His current research interest includes ultra-wideband antennas, frequency reconfigurable antennas, tapered slot antennas and multi-functional antennas for cognitive radio application. He is the author or coauthor of several books, scientific journals and recipient of prestigious awards. He is a Co-Principal Investigator on Stratosphere Troposphere (ST) Radar Project at the University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India. Yahia M.M. Antar, PHD, is a Professor in the Department of Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada. He is the author or coauthor of several books, scientific journals and recipient of prestigious awards which includes IEEE-Antennas and Propagation Society prestigious Chen-To-Tai Distinguished Educator Award for 2017, 2015 IEEE Canada J. M. Ham outstanding Engineering Education Award, 2014 IEEE Canada RA Fessenden Silver Medal, 2012 Queen's Diamond Jubilee Medal from the Governor General of Canada and many more.

The book proposed to the readers' attention represents an attempt to state and systematize extensive material of our experimental and theoretical investigations of heteromagnetic interactions in ferrite semiconductor structures of the active type carried out at the department of general physics, Saratov State University named after N.G. Chernyshevskiyandin the Design of ceof critical technologies(DO CT) of SRI-Tantal Corp. of the Holding company "Tantal" in recent years. The novelty and complexity of the physical phenomena determined the high-technologychar- ter ofourinvestigationsat the jointof someleads- semiconductormicroelectronics, microcircuitry, radio engineering, radiophysics, physics of magnetic phenomena, magnetoelectronics. Accumulation of extensive theoretical and experimental material on mag- toelectronics of the microwave and EHF-ranges, investigations on bigyrotropic microelectronics in ferrite lms and structures on their basis, decisive experiments con rming the multifunctionality of interactions in ferrite semiconductor structures of the active type have determined the new lead being promising. The results of our physical investigations of multifunctional, multiparametric interactions in ferrite semiconductorstructures of the active type - (oscillators, c- verters, ampli ers, frequencysynthesizers, and sensors) in the radio-wave range are discussed in the book. Performance of such a great volume of investigations became possible by jo- ing the efforts of leading experts and scientists of Saratov State University, leading industrial enterprises of Russia in the spheres of semiconductor microelectr- ics manufacturing, development of microcontrollers, radioelectronic systems, and ferrites.

Creates a wide-ranging knowledge base on gas sensor design and fabrication work as applied to industrial and hazardous sectors Provides restructured literature for researchers and academicians working in the field of design and fabrication of gas sensors. Delivers state-of-the-art work going on in the domain, including micro- and nano-sensors Covers the whole range of gas-sensing aspects, from basics, synthesis, and processing to characterization, testing, and application development Serves as a ready reckoner with a wealth of information to aspiring graduate and postdoctoral researchers engaged in the gas-sensing domain

This book is devoted to the systematic description of the role of microgeometry of modern piezo-active composites in the formation of their piezoelectric sensitivity. In five chapters, the authors analyse kinds of piezoelectric sensitivity for piezo-active composites with specific connectivity patterns and links between the microgeometric feature and piezoelectric response. The role of components and microgeometric factors is discussed in the context of the piezoelectric properties and their anisotropy in the composites. Interrelations between different types of the piezoelectric coefficients are highlighted. This book fills a gap in piezoelectric materials science and provides readers with data on the piezoelectric performance of novel composite materials that are suitable for sensor, transducer, hydroacoustic, energy-harvesting, and other applications.

This book explores recent developments in the design and synthesis of greener nanomaterials and their eco-friendly utilization at the industrial scale. It defines key material descriptors required for their successful employment in different applications and discusses their cost-effective synthesis from natural extracts. The text provides comprehensive links between the design/fabrication of nanoparticles and their catalytic performance (activity, selectivity, and stability) in various applications. The topics covered include photocatalysis, wastewater treatment, environmental ecology, medical biology, biotechnology, sensors, cosmetics, remediation, energy, and phytoformulation.

Completely revised and updated to reflect recent advances in the fields of materials science and electromagnetics, Electromagnetics of Time Varying Complex Media, Second Edition provides a comprehensive examination of current topics of interest in the research community-including theory, numerical simulation, application, and experimental work. Written by a world leader in the research of frequency transformation in a time-varying magnetoplasma medium, the new edition of this bestselling reference discusses how to apply a time-varying medium to design a frequency and polarization transformer. This authoritative resource remains the only electromagnetic book to cover time-varying anisotropic media, Frequency and Polarization Transformer based on a switched magnetoplasma medium in a cavity, and FDTD numerical simulation for time-varying complex medium. Providing a primer on the theory of using magnetoplasmas for the coherent generation of tunable radiation, early chapters use a mathematical model with one kind of complexity-eliminating the need for high-level mathematics. Using plasma as the basic medium to illustrate various aspects of the transformation of an electromagnetic wave by a complex medium, the text highlights the major effects of each kind of complexity in the medium properties. This significantly expanded edition includes: Three new parts: (a) Numerical Simulation: FDTD Solution, (b) Application: Frequency and Polarization Transformer, and (c) Experiments A slightly enhanced version of the entire first edition, plus 70% new material Reprints of papers previously published by the author-providing researchers with complete access to the subject The text provides the understanding of research techniques useful in electro-optics, plasma science and engineering, microwave engineering, and solid state devices. This complete resource supplies an accessible treatment of the effect of time-varying parameters in conjunction with one or more additional kinds of complexities in the properties of particular mediums.

The field of electromagnetic sensitivity is the new epidemic of the 21st century, and can cause disease of the automatic nerve system in any part of the body. This is as a result of chemical sensitivity, in which over 80,000 chemicals are involved, resulting in innumerable combinations. A cursory understanding of the combinations can help clinicians partially understand the associated problems and thus help in the diagnosis and treatment of electromagnetic sensitivities. But a basic understanding of environmentally induced illness and healing must first be understood by the clinicians before diseases occur such as cardiac arrhythmia, muscle spasms, and nerve pain. Key Features: Describes how an understanding of the vast combinations of electrical and chemical sensitivities will help in the diagnosis and treatment of electromagnetic sensitivities Reveals the complexity and multi-faceted presentation often seen in chemical sensitivity and chronic degenerative disease cases Provides information backed up by rigorous scientific data including hundreds of tables and figures as online resources Features a Dedication to Robert Becker, MD, an orthopedic surgeon who was one of the first clinicians to recognize the significance of EMF in medicine and surgery, and also to his assistant Andrew Marino, PhD, who helped develop the basic science of orthopedic electromagnet healing

This interdisciplinary book, Advanced Microscopy: A Strong Analytical Tool in Materials Science, covers the methodology and applications of different advanced microscopic techniques in various research fields, including chemistry, nanotechnology, polymers, chemical engineering, and biomedical engineering, providing an informative overview that helps to determine the best applications for advanced materials. Materials usually behave very differently at nanoscale in all aspects, and this volume shows how microscopy can help provide a detailed understanding of materials such as semiconductors, metals, polymers, biopolymers, etc. The volume illustrates advanced microscopic techniques that include scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), confocal microscopy, and others. The microscopy techniques presented in the volume show applications in many areas of science, including botany and plant science, medicine, nanotechnology, chemistry, food science, waste management, and others. This book presents the diverse advanced microscopic techniques for researchers, giving a better understanding as well as implementation of novel techniques in materials science.

A Complete Reference for the 21st Century Until recently, much of the communications technology in the former Eastern bloc countries was largely unknown. Due to the historically competitive nature of East/West relations, scientific groups operated independently, without the benefit of open communication on theoretical frameworks and experimental technologies. As these countries have begun to bridge the gap and work in a more cooperative environment, the need has grown for a comprehensive guide which assimilates all the information in this vast knowledge bank. Ionosphere and Applied Aspects of Radio Communication and Radar meets the demand for an updated reference on this continually evolving global technology. This book examines the changes that have occurred in the past two or three decades. It thoroughly reviews ionospheric radio propagation, over-horizon and above-horizon radars, and miniature ionospheric stations used for investigating nonregular phenomena occurring in the ionosphere. In addition, it also comprehensively discusses land-satellite and satellite-satellite communications. This volume also reviews an area that has been all but ignored in previous works: the effects of plasma irregularities on radio waves propagation through the inhomogeneous ionosphere. Here, a heavy focus is placed on the effects of these irregular phenomena. And due to the recent wireless revolution, more attention than ever has been aimed on improving the efficiency of land-satellite and satellite-satellite communication networks, which are fully addressed. Included are- Transport processes and photochemistry reactions occurring in the regular homogeneous ionosphere Nonlinear phenomena occurring in the irregular ionosphere Instabilities in the inhomogeneous disturbed ionosphere Various ambient natural and artificial sources and corresponding plasma irregularities Written by two leading scientists, this book will be an invaluable guide to anyone working in this ever-changing field.

The field of electromagnetic sensitivity is the new epidemic of the 21st century, and can cause disease of the automatic nerve system in any part of the body. This is as a result of chemical sensitivity, in which over 80,000 chemicals are involved, resulting in innumerable combinations. A cursory understanding of the combinations can help clinicians partially understand the associated problems and thus help in the diagnosis and treatment of electromagnetic sensitivities. But a basic understanding of environmentally induced illness and healing must first be understood by the clinicians before diseases occur such as cardiac arrhythmia, muscle spasms, and nerve pain.

The first experiments with relativistic magnetrons (PM), resulted in notable results, in the USA - Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the USSR - Institute of Applied Physics. Academy of Sciences of the USSR (Gorky), and the Nuclear Physics Research Institute at the Tomsk State University, hundreds of megawatts to several gigawatts with an efficiency of 10-30% were obtained. Relativistic high-frequency electronics has now become one of the fastest growing areas of scientific research. This reference is devoted to theoretical and experimental studies of relativistic magnetrons and is written by a leading expert who worked directly on these systems.

This book presents quantum phononics as an exciting new field of research, and introduces readers to the quantum nature of phonons and their application to quantum technologies. Both the theory of and recent experiments in "quantum phononics," involving e.g. coherent phonons, phonon squeezing, coherent control, and phonon quantum technologies, are presented. The theoretical background of the generation and detection of phonons is described in a way that will be easy to understand for graduate students and experimental scientists who are newcomers to the field. Moreover, the book focuses on coherent phonons produced by ultrafast laser pulses, which can be used for the coherent control of atomic motions in solids and phase transformation. The laser-matter interaction is treated using a density matrix formalism of the time-dependent Schroeedinger equation. In addition, the third-order nonlinear optical response of condensed matter is also described.

Linear induction accelerators are successfully used as power supplies for numerous devices of relativistic high-frequency electronics. This book addresses ways to solve physical and engineering problems arising in the calculation, design, modeling and operation of linear induction accelerators intended for supplying relativistic microwave devices. It reviews and analyzes both classic and recent studies on the topic of linear induction accelerators (LIA) for generating and amplifying microwave radiation by relativistic devices.

A Comprehensive Source for Taking on the Next Stage of OLED R&D OLED Fundamentals: Materials, Devices, and Processing of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes brings together key topics across the field of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), from fundamental chemistry and physics to practical materials science and engineering aspects to design and manufacturing factors. Experts from top academic institutions, industry, and national laboratories provide thorough, up-to-date coverage on the most useful materials, devices, and design and fabrication methods for high-efficiency lighting. The first part of the book covers all the construction materials of OLED devices, from substrate to encapsulation. For the first time in book form, the second part addresses challenges in devices and processing, including architectures and methods for new OLED lighting and display technologies. The book is suitable for a broad audience, including materials scientists, device physicists, synthetic chemists, and electrical engineers. It can also serve as an introduction for graduate students interested in applied aspects of photophysics and electrochemistry in organic thin films.

The gyrotron is a powerful source of coherent radiation that has experienced significant improvement since its invention. Today  gyrotrons are capable of delivering hundreds of kilowatts of power at microwave and millimeter wavelengths, and they have important applications ranging from the electron cyclotron resonance heating of fusion plasmas to industrial and scientific applications and communications. Furthermore, the exciting potential applications of these devices and their derivatives span an even wider range of technologies. Drawing on the author's wide experience, this book gives a comprehensive review of the state of the art in gyrotron technology, covering the theory, design and applications. It will be a valuable resource for all engineers and scientists working with and developing high-power microwave devices. The book includes an extensive references list which provides an excellent guide to the related literature.

Covers a variety materials, including hard materials, soft materials, metals, and composites Describes nanotechnology approaches, modern piezoelectric techniques, and physical and mechanical studies of the structure-sensitive properties of the materials Reviews advanced manufacturing for antenna applications and embroidered RFID tags for wearable applications Considers additive manufacturing of cellular solids and metal additive manufacturing Discusses advanced materials for sound absorption

The chapters in this volume were presented at the July-August 2008 NATO Advanced Study Institute on Unexploded Ordnance Detection and Mitigation. The conference was held at the beautiful Il Ciocco resort near Lucca, in the glorious Tuscany region of northern Italy. For the ninth time we gathered at this idyllic spot to explore and extend the reciprocity between mathematics and engineering. The dynamic interaction between world-renowned scientists from the usually disparate communities of pure mathematicians and applied scientists which occurred at our eight previous ASI's continued at this meeting. The detection and neutralization of unexploded ordnance (UXO) has been of major concern for very many decades; at least since the First World war. UXO continues to be the subject of intensive research in many ?elds of science, incl- ing mathematics, signal processing (mainly radar and sonar) and chemistry. While today's headlines emphasize the mayhem resulting from the placement of imp- vised explosive devices (IEDs), humanitarian landmine clearing continues to draw signi?cant global attention as well. In many countries of the world, landmines threaten the population and hinder reconstruction and fast, ef?cient utilization of large areas of the mined land in the aftermath of military con?icts.

This book examines the human auditory effects of exposure to directed beams of high-power microwave pulses, which research results have shown can cause a cascade of health events when aimed at a human subject or the subject's head. The book details multidisciplinary investigations using physical theories and models, physiological events and phenomena, and computer analysis and simulation. Coverage includes brain anatomy and physiology, dosimetry of microwave power deposition, microwave auditory effect, interaction mechanisms, shock/pressure wave induction, Havana syndrome, and application in microwave thermoacoustic tomography (MTT). The book will be welcomed by scientists, academics, health professionals, government officials, and practicing biomedical engineers as an important contribution to the continuing study of the effects of microwave pulse absorption on humans.

In order to analyze the light of cosmic objects, particularly at extremely great distances, spectroscopy is the workhorse of astronomy. In the era of very large telescopes, long-term investigations are mainly performed with small professional instruments. Today they can be done using self-designed spectrographs and highly efficient CCD cameras, without the need for large financial investments. This book explains the basic principles of spectroscopy, including the fundamental optical constraints and all mathematical aspects needed to understand the working principles in detail. It covers the complete theoretical and practical design of standard and Echelle spectrographs. Readers are guided through all necessary calculations, enabling them to engage in spectrograph design. The book also examines data acquisition with CCD cameras and fiber optics, as well as the constraints of specific data reduction and possible sources of error. In closing it briefly highlights some main aspects of the research on massive stars and spectropolarimetry as an extension of spectroscopy. The book offers a comprehensive introduction to spectroscopy for students of physics and astronomy, as well as a valuable resource for amateur astronomers interested in learning the principles of spectroscopy and spectrograph design.

A prominent aspect of quantum theory, tunneling arises in a variety of contexts across several fields of study, including nuclear, atomic, molecular, and optical physics and has led to technologically relevant applications in mesoscopic science. Exploring mechanisms and consequences, Dynamical Tunneling: Theory and Experiment presents the work of international experts who discuss the considerable progress that has been achieved in this arena in the past two decades. Highlights in this volume include: A historical introduction and overview of dynamical tunneling, with case histories ranging from simple and emblematic to complex and involving experimental counterparts An emphasis on the semiclassical theory of tunneling put forth by various research groups using different approaches Developments in tunneling with cold atoms and molecular manifestations Advances in our ability to perform delicate and precise experiments in atomic systems The visualization and control of photonic tunneling The role of dynamical tunneling on energy flow and localization in large molecules In the near future, complex tunneling processes occurring in few and many-body systems will be able to be predicted, understood, and controlled. Comprising all relevant topics and authors in the context of present-day research on dynamical tunneling, this self-contained volume provides readers with the basis for further discovery into the potential of this powerful phenomenon.

The editors and authors present a wealth of knowledge regarding the most relevant aspects in the field of MOS transistor modeling. The first chapter lays out the 2/3D process and device simulations as an effective tool for a better understanding of the internal behavior of semiconductor structures and this with a focus on high-voltage MOSFET devices. Subsequently, the mainstream developments of both the PSP and the EKV models are discussed in detail. These physics-based MOSFET models are compared to the measurement-based models which are frequently used in RF applications. The comparison includes an overview of the relevant empirical models and measurement techniques. The following chapters include SOI-specific aspects, modeling enhancement of small geometry MOSFET devices and a survey of quantum effects in devices and circuits. Finally, an explanation of hardware description languages such as VHDL-AMS and Verilog-A is offered and shows the possibilities of the practical implementation and standardization of the different modeling methodologies found in the preceding chapters.

The variety of subjects and the high quality of content of this volume make it a reference document for researchers and users of MOSFET devices and models. The book can be recommended to everyone who is involved in compact model developments, numerical TCAD modeling, parameter extraction, space-level simulation or model standardization. The book will appeal equally to PhD students who want to understand the ins and outs of MOSFETs as well as to modeling designers working in the analog and high-frequency areas.

This book provides an overview of compound semiconductor materials and their technology. After presenting a theoretical background, it describes the relevant material preparation technologies for bulk and thin-layer epitaxial growth. It then briefly discusses the electrical, optical, and structural properties of semiconductors, complemented by a description of the most popular characterization tools, before more complex hetero- and low-dimensional structures are discussed. A special chapter is devoted to GaN and related materials, owing to their huge importance in modern optoelectronic and electronic devices, on the one hand, and their particular properties compared to other compound semiconductors, on the other. In the last part of the book, the physics and functionality of optoelectronic and electronic device structures (LEDs, laser diodes, solar cells, field-effect and heterojunction bipolar transistors) are discussed on the basis of the specific properties of compound semiconductors presented in the preceding chapters of the book. Compound semiconductors form the back-bone of all opto-electronic and electronic devices besides the classical Si electronics. Currently the most important field is solid state lighting with highly efficient LEDs emitting visible light. Also laser diodes of all wavelength ranges between mid-infrared and near ultraviolet have been the enabler for a huge number of unprecedented applications like CDs and DVDs for entertainment and data storage, not to speak about the internet, which would be impossible without optical data communications with infrared laser diodes as key elements. This book provides a concise overview over this class of materials, including the most important technological aspects for their fabrication and characterisation, also covering the most relevant devices based on compound semiconductors. It presents therefore an excellent introduction into this subject not only for students, but also for engineers and scientist who intend to put their focus on this field of science.

Radar Expert, Esteemed Author Gregory L. Charvat on CNN and CBS Author Gregory L. Charvat appeared on CNN on March 17, 2014 to discuss whether Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 might have literally flown below the radar. He appeared again on CNN on March 20, 2014 to explain the basics of radar, and he explored the hope and limitations of the technology involved in the search for Flight 370 on CBS on March 22, 2014. Get His Book Now Coupling theory with reality, from derivation to implementation of actual radar systems, Small and Short-Range Radar Systems analyzes and then provides design procedures and working design examples of small and short-range radar systems. Discussing applications from automotive to through-wall imaging, autonomous vehicle, and beyond, the practical text supplies high-level descriptions, theoretical derrivations, back-of-envelope calculations, explanations of processing algorithms, and case studies for each type of small radar system covered, including continuous wave (CW), ultrawideband (UWB) impulse, linear frequency modulation (FM), linear rail synthetic aperture radar (SAR), and phased array. This essential reference: Explains how to design your own radar devices Demonstrates how to process data from small radar sensors Provides real-world, measured radar data to test algorithms before investing development time Complete with downloadable MATLAB (R) scripts and actual radar measurements, Small and Short-Range Radar Systems empowers you to rapidly develop small radar technology for your application.

Ultra Wideband Antennas: Design, Methodologies, and Performance presents the current state of the art of ultra wideband (UWB) antennas, from theory specific for these radiators to guidelines for the design of omnidirectional and directional UWB antennas. Offering a comprehensive overview of the latest UWB antenna research and development, this book: Discusses the developed theory for UWB antennas in frequency and time domains Delivers a brief exposition of numerical methods for electromagnetics oriented to antennas Describes solid-planar equivalence, which allows flat structures to be implemented instead of volumetric antennas Examines the impedance matching, phase linearity, and radiation patterns as design objectives for omnidirectional and directional antennas Addresses the time domain signal analysis for UWB antennas, from which the distortion phenomenon can be modeled Includes illustrative examples, design equations, CST MICROWAVE STUDIO (R) simulations, and MATLAB (R) plot generations Compares the performance of different UWB antennas, supplying useful insight into particular tendencies and unresolved problems Ultra Wideband Antennas: Design, Methodologies, and Performance provides a valuable reference for the scientific community, as UWB antennas have a variety of applications in body area networks, radar, imaging, spectrum monitoring, electronic warfare, wireless sensor networks, and more.

Continuing in the steps of its predecessors, the fourth edition of Practical Holography provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date resource available. Focused on practical techniques in holography at all levels, it avoids any unnecessary mathematical theory. Features of the Fourth Edition Highlights new information on color holograms, sensitive materials, and state-of-the-art processing techniques Includes new chapters and revisions integrating information on digital holography Adds a new appendix on the methods of non-holographic 3D imaging Restores and updates the glossary of terms Outlines a timeline for holography, from the beginnings of understanding the wave model for light up to the present day After nearly 12 years since the previous edition, this book is a vital manual and reference for holography professionals and enthusiasts. It is designed for the scientist, technologist, artist, and serious hobbyist alike, covering every aspect of the field from basic set-up to use of available instruments.