In the age of technological advancement, including the emergence of artificial intelligence, big data, and the internet of things, the need for privacy and protection has risen massively. This phenomenon has led to the enforcement of two major legal directives in the European Union (EU) that aim to provide vigorous protection of personal data. There is a need for research on the repercussions and developments that have materialized with these recent regulations and how the rest of the world has been affected. Personal Data Protection and Legal Developments in the European Union is an essential reference source that critically discusses different aspects of the GDPR and the Law Enforcement Directive as well as recent jurisprudential developments concerning data privacy in the EU and its member states. It also addresses relevant recent case law of the Court of Justice of the EU, the European Court of Human Rights, and national courts. Featuring research on topics such as public transparency, medical research data, and automated decision making, this book is ideally designed for law practitioners, data scientists, policymakers, IT professionals, politicians, researchers, analysts, academicians, and students working in the areas of privacy, data protection, big data, information technology, and human rights law.

Martial law is not a body of substantive law, but rather summary powers employed by the military commanders when the ordinary rule of law is suspended. Under the British rule, martial law was proclaimed on many occasions in different territories in India, wherein excessively harsh provisions were used to humiliate Indians. The framers of the Indian Constitution did not make any express provision about martial law under the Constitution. However, an implied reference to the possibility of imposing martial rule in India has indicated in Article 34 wherein it provides that an Act of Indemnity may be passed by the Parliament in respect of acts done under martial law. This book covers the historical perspective of martial law in India and compares it with a few other countries. The possibility of arrest and detention of an offender during martial law, the rights to the habeas corpus in such circumstances, and the power of constitutional courts to issue such a writ has been analyzed. The book examines the powers of the military commander under the Armed Forces Special Powers Act and critically evaluates whether it amounts to the de facto proclamation of martial law. The Book also analyses whether the proclamation of martial law is feasible in India in the future. This book is intended for not only those who are involved in promoting, protecting, and enforcing human rights, but also for those engaged in the security of the country. It will of relevance to parliamentarians, government officials, military authorities, judges, lawyers, and members of the civil society who have a stake in the armed forces.

The book makes a comprehensive analysis of the basic principles and theories of military law, restructuring the theoretic framework of military law. It also puts forwards the new concepts of "core military law" and "international military law" for the first time in China, and even the world. The book could help legal scholars and lawyers, especially military lawyers and research fellows in military law, to have a new approach to study military law.

Martial law is not a body of substantive law, but rather summary powers employed by the military commanders when the ordinary rule of law is suspended. Under the British rule, martial law was proclaimed on many occasions in different territories in India, wherein excessively harsh provisions were used to humiliate Indians. The framers of the Indian Constitution did not make any express provision about martial law under the Constitution. However, an implied reference to the possibility of imposing martial rule in India has indicated in Article 34 wherein it provides that an Act of Indemnity may be passed by the Parliament in respect of acts done under martial law. This book covers the historical perspective of martial law in India and compares it with a few other countries. The possibility of arrest and detention of an offender during martial law, the rights to the habeas corpus in such circumstances, and the power of constitutional courts to issue such a writ has been analyzed. The book examines the powers of the military commander under the Armed Forces Special Powers Act and critically evaluates whether it amounts to the de facto proclamation of martial law. The Book also analyses whether the proclamation of martial law is feasible in India in the future. This book is intended for not only those who are involved in promoting, protecting, and enforcing human rights, but also for those engaged in the security of the country. It will of relevance to parliamentarians, government officials, military authorities, judges, lawyers, and members of the civil society who have a stake in the armed forces.

This detailed, practitioner text, explains national security law in all its aspects. It collates and explains the core elements of the law, both substantive and procedural, and the practical issues which may arise in national security litigation. The book draws on the professional experience of a team of expert contributors. The first part explores the meaning of "national security", examines the respective roles in this area of Parliament, the executive and the courts, and explains the law relating to the security and intelligence agencies, their powers and oversight. The core of the book addresses the various executive measures used to disrupt terrorism, espionage and other hostile state activity, usually on the basis of secret intelligence, and the civil proceedings that may result from executive action taken for the national security purposes. The third part addresses national security and the criminal law. The remaining chapters address national security law in such diverse contexts as inquests, inquiries, employment, vetting, family, freedom of information, and data protection proceedings. National security law is now of relevance to a wide range of practising lawyers, judges, legislators, policymakers, oversight bodies, and academic experts working in a variety of legal fields well beyond public law. The highly-specialised nature of the topic make this book a vital text not only for those seeking an overview of the law, but also for experienced practitioners instructed to act in proceedings in which national security issues may arise. The intense media and public scrutiny which accompanies many national security cases will also make this book of interest to a wider audience seeking to understand the legal context of such cases.

In the age of technological advancement, including the emergence of artificial intelligence, big data, and the internet of things, the need for privacy and protection has risen massively. This phenomenon has led to the enforcement of two major legal directives in the European Union (EU) that aim to provide vigorous protection of personal data. There is a need for research on the repercussions and developments that have materialized with these recent regulations and how the rest of the world has been affected. Personal Data Protection and Legal Developments in the European Union is an essential reference source that critically discusses different aspects of the GDPR and the Law Enforcement Directive as well as recent jurisprudential developments concerning data privacy in the EU and its member states. It also addresses relevant recent case law of the Court of Justice of the EU, the European Court of Human Rights, and national courts. Featuring research on topics such as public transparency, medical research data, and automated decision making, this book is ideally designed for law practitioners, data scientists, policymakers, IT professionals, politicians, researchers, analysts, academicians, and students working in the areas of privacy, data protection, big data, information technology, and human rights law.