This book provides a detailed examination of the issue of conformity of goods and documents under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 1980 (CISG). This issue lies at the heart of sales law and is one of the most frequently litigated. The book explores: the Convention's requirements as to quality, quantity, description and packaging of the goods (conformity); the requirements flowing from the need for the goods to be free from rights or claims of third parties; and the questions of what documents the seller must deliver to the buyer and what constitutes a 'good' document under the CISG. The book engages extensively with a substantial body of cases decided under the CISG and academic commentary. It systematises the Convention's experience to date with a view to turning it into an integrated, comprehensive and distinctive CISG legal regime on conformity of goods and documents. The analysis is comparative and draws on the experience of some major domestic legal systems, such as English and US law. The focus is both analytical and practical. The book will be of interest to legal practitioners, academic lawyers and students with an interest in international and comparative sales, commercial and contract law.

The Manual for Courts-Martial (MCM), United States (2012 Edition) updates the MCM (2008 Edition). It is a complete reprinting and incorporates the MCM (2008 Edition), including all amendments to the Rules for Courts-Martial, Military Rules of Evidence (Mil. R. Evid.), and Punitive Articles made by the President in Executive Orders (EO) from 1984 to present, and specifically including EO 13468 (24 July 2008); EO 13552 (31 August 2010); and EO 13593 (13 December 2011). See Appendix 25. This edition also contains amendments to the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) made by the National Defense Authorization Acts for Fiscal Years 2009 through 2012. Some of the significant changes are summarized and listed below. This summary is for quick reference only and should not be relied upon or cited by practitioners in lieu of the actual provisions of the MCM that have been amended. The MCM (2012 Edition) includes unique changes warranting attention. Discussion has been added or amended to address changes in practice resulting from United States v. Campbell, 71 M.J. 19 (C.A.A.F. 2012); United States v. Fosler, 70 M.J. 225 (C.A.A.F. 2011); and United States v. Jones, 68 M.J. 465 (C.A.A.F. 2010). See R.C.M. 307(c)(3); R.C.M. 307(c)(4); R.C.M. 906(b)(12); R.C.M. 907(b)(3)(B); R.C.M. 910(a)(1); R.C.M. 918(a)(1); R.C.M. 1003(c)(1)(C); and in Part IV of this Manual, paragraph 3b, paragraph 60c(6)(a), and the discussion at page IV-1. The Discussion added in 2012 was a short-term solution intended to address recent, broad changes in the law. Although it may describe legal requirements derived from other sources, the Discussion does not have the force of law. It is in the nature of a treatise, and may be used as secondary authority. The Discussion will be revised from time to time as warranted by changes in applicable law. See Composition of the Manual for Courts-Martial in Appendix 21 of this Manual. Practitioners are advised that the Mil. R. Evid. will be amended after the publication of this Manual and will take effect only after the President signs the relevant EO. Once approved, the revised Mil. R. Evid. will exist outside of this Manual until its next complete reprinting. Practitioners are also advised that Article 120 has been amended by the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012, Public Law 112-81, 31 December 2011. The amended version of Article 120 creates three separate sexual offense statutes: Article 120 for adult offenses; Article 120b for child offenses; and Article 120c for other sexual offenses. Article 120a remains unchanged. As of 2012, there are now three versions of Article 120, and each version is located in a different part of this Manual. For offenses committed prior to 1 October 2007, the relevant sexual offense provisions are contained in Appendix 27. For offenses committed during the period 1 October 2007 through 27 June 2012, the relevant sexual offense provisions are contained in Appendix 28. For offenses committed on or after 28 June 2012, the relevant sexual offense provisions are contained in Part IV of this Manual (Articles 120, 120b, and 120c).

This manual provides detailed information regarding Defense/Joint decorations and awards, including the Defense Distinguished Service Medal (DDSM), Defense Superior Service Medal (DSSM), Defense Meritorious Service Medal (DMSM), Joint Service Commendation Medal (JSCM), Joint Service Achievement Medal (JSAM), and the Joint Meritorious Unit Award (JMUA). It provides procedures for preparation and submittal of: recommendations for the Medal of Honor (MOH) and Defense/Joint Decorations and awards; out-of-service requests for awards; lost award recommendations; posthumous awards; award replacements; and reconsideration of award recommendations.

This Manual is issued under the authority of DoD Instruction 6015.23, "Delivery of Healthcare at Military Treatment Facilities (MTFs)" (Reference (a)). The Manual provides guidelines for the operation of the MTF business office. It prescribes uniform procedures and accounting systems for the management and follow-up of accounts, including recovery, depositing, posting, and reconciliation. It also incorporates procedures for third party collection activities, such as identification of beneficiaries who have other health insurance, coordination of benefits, and recovery of claims. This Manual supersedes DoD 6010.15-M, "Military Treatment Facility Uniform Business Office (UBO) Manual," April 1997 (hereby canceled) (Reference (b)) and is mandatory for use by all DoD Components and MTFs. DoD 6010.15-m

This plan is the Department of Defense's first step in directing, organizing and concentrating its M&S capabilities and efforts on resolving commonly shared problems.

Now updated, expanded and revised, The U.S Intelligence Community Law Sourcebook, 2012 Edition, is your complete guide to U.S intelligence community source material, including relevant federal statutes, intelligence authorization acts, executive orders, attorney general and the director of national intelligence guidelines, and proposed significant legislation in the U.S. intelligence community. This 3rd edition now includes expert legal commentary with special contributions on the Ethics of National Security Law and the Law of U.S. Intelligence Collection. Additionally, this volume now contains key contributions and public speeches by lead executive branch attorneys related to the rule of law.

This regulation is issued by the Department of Defense. It identifies the various components comprising the Department of Defense's efforts to ensure that beneficiaries receive quality care.

This manual provides guidance for the preparation, coordination and execution of military support to civil authorities during civil emergencies within the United States, its territories and possessions. It further serves as a reference for other Federal, State and local agencies on how the Department of Defense supports civil authorities and DoD assets can be uses to support civilian leadership priorities in returning their communities to a state of "normalcy."

This list is reissued by the Department of Defense and its purpose is to prescribe uniform procedures for designing and naming aerospace vehicles and to list approved designators and popular names. DoD 4120.15-L

This manual delineates authorities and responsibilities concerning Department of Defense (DoD)-owned or leased vehicles. IT applies to the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Military Department, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Combatant Commanders, the Defense Agencies, the DoD Filed Activities, the Nonappropriated Fund Activities and Military Exchanges and the operational entities assigned to the OSD for Administrative support.

This manual prescribes and establishes procedures for the administration and operation of all "Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (AFRTS)."

Recent high-profile military-related cases involving sexual assaults by U.S. service members have resulted in increased public and congressional interest in military discipline and the military justice system. Questions have been raised regarding how allegations of sexual assault are addressed by the chain of command, the authority and process to convene a court-martial, and the ability of the convening authority to provide clemency to a service member convicted of an offense. Additionally, some military-related cases, including those of Major Nidal Hasan, the alleged shooter at Fort Hood, and Private first class Bradley Manning, the alleged source of leaked classified material through the organization WikiLeaks, have raised questions regarding the mental capacity of the accused and how the military justice system addresses this concern. This book focuses on the courts-martial, the military justice system, and the adjudication of sexual offenses.

This manual is issued under the authority of Department of Defense (DoD) Directive 6000.12E (Reference (a)). It prescribes the procedures for the uniform reporting of expense and labor hour data for fixed military medical and dental treatment facilities. DoD 6010.13-M, "Medical Expense and Performance Reporting System for Fixed Military Medical and Dental Treatment Facilities," November 21, 2000 (Reference (b)), is hereby canceled. This manual applies to the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Military Departments, the Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Combatant Commands, the Office of the Inspector General of the Department of Defense, the Defense agencies, the DoD Field Activities, and all other organizational entities in DoD (hereafter referred to collectively as the "DoD Components"). This manual does not apply to DoD facilities that are not involved in direct patient care (e.g., medical research facilities), DoD facilities for field service (e.g., force combat support and evacuation hospitals), facilities afloat (e.g., hospital ships and sick bays aboard ships), and tactical casualty staging facilities (e.g., medical advance base staging facilities and medical advance base components contained within mobile-type units).

The Manual for Courts-Martial (MCM), United States (2012 Edition) updates the MCM (2008 Edition). It is a complete reprinting and incorporates the MCM (2008 Edition), including all amendments to the Rules for Courts-Martial, Military Rules of Evidence (Mil. R. Evid.), and Punitive Articles made by the President in Executive Orders (EO) from 1984 to present, and specifically including EO 13468 (24 July 2008); EO 13552 (31 August 2010); and EO 13593 (13 December 2011). See Appendix 25. This edition also contains amendments to the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) made by the National Defense Authorization Acts for Fiscal Years 2009 through 2012. Some of the significant changes are summarized and listed below. This summary is for quick reference only and should not be relied upon or cited by practitioners in lieu of the actual provisions of the MCM that have been amended. The MCM (2012 Edition) includes unique changes warranting attention. Discussion has been added or amended to address changes in practice resulting from United States v. Campbell, 71 M.J. 19 (C.A.A.F. 2012); United States v. Fosler, 70 M.J. 225 (C.A.A.F. 2011); and United States v. Jones, 68 M.J. 465 (C.A.A.F. 2010). See R.C.M. 307(c)(3); R.C.M. 307(c)(4); R.C.M. 906(b)(12); R.C.M. 907(b)(3)(B); R.C.M. 910(a)(1); R.C.M. 918(a)(1); R.C.M. 1003(c)(1)(C); and in Part IV of this Manual, paragraph 3b, paragraph 60c(6)(a), and the discussion at page IV-1. The Discussion added in 2012 was a short-term solution intended to address recent, broad changes in the law. Although it may describe legal requirements derived from other sources, the Discussion does not have the force of law. It is in the nature of a treatise, and may be used as secondary authority. The Discussion will be revised from time to time as warranted by changes in applicable law. See Composition of the Manual for Courts-Martial in Appendix 21 of this Manual. Practitioners are advised that the Mil. R. Evid. will be amended after the publication of this Manual and will take effect only after the President signs the relevant EO. Once approved, the revised Mil. R. Evid. will exist outside of this Manual until its next complete reprinting. Practitioners are also advised that Article 120 has been amended by the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012, Public Law 112-81, 31 December 2011. The amended version of Article 120 creates three separate sexual offense statutes: Article 120 for adult offenses; Article 120b for child offenses; and Article 120c for other sexual offenses. Article 120a remains unchanged. As of 2012, there are now three versions of Article 120, and each version is located in a different part of this Manual. For offenses committed prior to 1 October 2007, the relevant sexual offense provisions are contained in Appendix 27. For offenses committed during the period 1 October 2007 through 27 June 2012, the relevant sexual offense provisions are contained in Appendix 28. For offenses committed on or after 28 June 2012, the relevant sexual offense provisions are contained in Part IV of this Manual (Articles 120, 120b, and 120c).

In today's fast-paced world of overseas contingency and domestic operations, commanders rely on the advice of JAG Corps personnel to make critical decisions, sometimes involving life and death. Demand for this advice is high and will likely increase. The complexity of the operational environment is also growing. We can be sure that technological advances on the 21st Century battlefield will take us into uncharted legal territory, where we will be expected to analyze the complexities and provide accurate advice faster than ever before. Our ability to do so will have a direct impact on America's capacity to effectively project power across the spectrum of conflict. Commanders count on legal teams knowledgeable in subjects ranging from weapon selection and target engagement to nation building and counterinsurgency activities. That's why the second edition of the Air Force Operations & the Law: a Guide for Air & Space Forces is so important.

In 2012, the Department of Defense (DoD) spent $52 billion on health care for service members, retirees, and their families. The department offers health care to nearly 10 million people through its TRICARE program, an integrated system of military health care providers and regional networks of civilian providers. Established in 1993, TRICARE now consists of three major plans: TRICARE Prime, TRICARE Standard, and TRICARE Extra. The cost of providing this care has increased rapidly as a share of the defence budget over the past decade, outpacing growth in the economy, growth in per capita health care spending in the United States, and growth in funding for DoD's base budget. This book focuses on the approaches that can be taken to reduce federal spending on military care, and continues to provide information on management practices available to help achieve efficiencies within the military health system.

The Army, Air Force, and Navy currently manage their own separate engineering and logistics contracts for employing civilian contractors as a force multiplier during military operations. Civil augmentation contracts afford flexibility when the services are limited by the availability of manpower resources during contingency operations. Allocation of military forces is often constrained by other contingency commitments, inactivation of reserve components, and political considerations with a host nation. The Army first awarded the Logistics Civil Augmentation Program (LOGCAP) contract in 1992. The Navy awarded the Construction Capabilities Contract (CONCAP) in 1995 and the Air Force followed suit with the Air Force Contractor Augmentation Program (AFCAP) contract in 1997. A General Accounting Office (GAO) report published in 1997, however, questioned the validity of executing three separate contracts and stated that it might be more "effective and efficient" if one service acted as the lead executive agent to eliminate duplication of services. The GAO report also noted that existing military doctrine was vague in addressing how to integrate contractor resources properly with the military force structure during contingency situations. This research paper addresses two of the important questions raised in the GAO report regarding the use of contractors in support of joint military operations. First, will a joint engineering and logistics service contract provide the combatant and service commanders any benefit over maintaining individual Navy, Army, and Air Force service augmentation contracts? Second, does current joint doctrine adequately address the use of contractor services in support of contingency and wartime operations? If not, what information should be included in future joint doctrine? In conducting our research, we performed in-depth comparative analyses of the Army's LOGCAP and Air Force's AFCAP contracts, but the Navy CONCAP contract was not analyzed in depth because of its limited scope. We conducted interviews with key government personnel affiliated with the Army and Air Force contracts to include the AFCAP and LOGCAP program managers and contracting staffs. We also performed historical research using source material from several Department of Defense agencies. This research project provides an objective review of the benefits and drawbacks of the Army's LOGCAP and Air Force's AFCAP contracts. Since the scope of the two contracts is similar, it is our recommendation that a joint civil augmentation program (JCAP) contract be established that will meet the needs of both services while eliminating duplication of effort. For JCAP to be a viable option, joint doctrine must be developed to provide guidance on when and how to use a civil augmentation contract during military operations.

This Law of Armed Conflict Deskbook is intended to replace, in a single bound volume, similar individual outlines that had been distributed as part of the Judge Advocate Officer Graduate and Basic Courses and departmental short courses. Together with the Operational Law Handbook and Law of Armed Conflict Documentary Supplement, these three volumes represent a range of international and operational law subjects taught to military judge advocates. These outlines, while extensive, make no pretence of comprehensively covering this complex area of law. Our audience is the beginning and intermediate level practitioner; our hope is that this material will provide a solid foundation upon which further study may be built.

Since the end of the Cold War, the Middle East has been the focus of various projects for the establishment of arms control (including CBMs) regimes. Whereas some of these projects were initiated at the global level, others were discussed and debated at the regional level. This book analyses the global and regional dynamics of arms control in the Middle East in the post-Cold War era. It examines American and European arms control projects, the contexts in which they were presented, the reactions of major regional actors, and their impacts on arms control efforts in the region. It assesses Arab perceptions of the motivations for and constraints on establishing arms control regimes. It also explores the prospects of regional arms control in the context of the ongoing Arab Spring with its ramifications for Arab regional politics, and provides a new perspective on arms control in the Middle East. This volume enriches the ongoing discourse, which to date has been dominated by mainly Western perspectives.

This Book appallingly unravels insights into fiscal mismanagement devoid of public accountability, under the purview of IMF, World Bank, ADB, international developmental agencies, et al. Perverse amnesties were surreptitiously enacted into law by Parliament, transgressing the social contract and public trust doctrine, also frustrating the right of the citizenry to challenge their constitutionality. Amnesties granted immunity and pardon for offences, such as, terrorism funding, money laundering, drug peddling, human trafficking, proceeds of crime, etc., in contravention of international conventions, including UN Security Council Resolution on terrorism financing. The Supreme Court condemned the Statute, as 'inimical to the rule of law', 'violative of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and International Covenant on Civil & Political Rights', and 'had defrauded public revenue, causing extensive loss to the State'. Consequent controversy resulted in the ouster of the Government, with the new Government repealing the perverse law; however, with strange resistance against enforcement ! The Book also reveals how Parliament ignored an Auditor General's Special Report on gross negligence of revenue administration and colossal VAT frauds, with tardy enforcement of the 'rule of law'. ! The Book also deals with challenges in the Supreme Court against the Appropriation Bill, the Budget, for non-disclosure of borrowings and for lacking transparency, with the Ministry of Finance being castigated for operating a 'Budget within a Budget', with dubious expenditures, sans accountability. This Book reveals realities in fiscal mismanagement at highest levels, disclosing indifference and condoning by international agencies ! This is an invaluable Book for advocates of good governance and combat of economic crime, fraud and corruption, and those interested in public finance and law, and constitutional obligations of social contract and public trust.

This Handbook is designed to assist Army Commanders in taking proper immediate action when faced with a variety of legal issues that might arise during your command. The purpose of your actions should be to preserve the legal situation until you can consult with your servicing Judge Advocate. However, like most aspects of your command responsibilities, you can fail if you just wait for things to come to you. You need to be proactive in preventing problems before they occur. ...

The purpose for this book is straightforward: to provide an overview of planning principles and the tools used by planners to design campaign plans. Since 9/11, the US military has been involved in numerous actions, most notably in Iraq and Afghanistan. The approach to campaign planning has changed and evolved over this time, spawning a number of new concepts and approaches to planning; this book is intended to provide some assistance in understanding and applying those concepts and approaches.

This book offers a novel contribution to the study of post-Cold War European defence. Interdisciplinary in approach, it uses the insights of EU law to assess the utility of existing theoretical accounts of European defence cooperation.Dyson and Konstadinides link legal and IR scholarship to undertake a detailed exploration of the structural factors which facilitate and hinder closer cooperation in the field of defence. Exploring the explanatory power of Neorealism, they focus on the balance of threat as a driver of the European Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). This book critiques the assumption inherent in governance accounts of CSDP that a transition from the 'sovereign' to the 'functional' will be possible in this policy area.European Defence Cooperation in EU Law and IR Theory sheds new light on the factors underpinning the development of the CSDP and the potential for more extensive cooperation in trans-Atlantic relations. The capacity of legal analysis to provide important empirical insight and of international relations theory to enrich legal scholarship by contextualizing it within its political context, makes this book of great relevance to scholars from both disciplines.

This book examines how market power is both assessed and regulated in Australia. Identifying a number of contentious questions concerning market power, it considers how such questions are resolved by the three key institutions: the Courts, the Australian Competition Tribunal and the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. The work provides a detailed longitudinal study of critical decisions and publications of each institution in order to understand: first, the general approach to such issues in Australia; and second, whether the institutions' approaches are consistent, and - if they are not - to explore the significance of any inconsistencies. Specific areas of focus are: the reason(s) for which market power is regulated; whether a structural or strategic analysis is preferred; approaches to monopoly pricing and cross-subsidisation; and the impact of regulation on assessments of market power. The relationship between the structural and behavioural regulation of market power under Australian competition law, as well as the respective roles of the key institutions, are also considered.

Socio-political realities' at the highest levels in society are lucidly revealed by the Author documenting real life experiences, in interacting with Presidents, Prime Ministers and Ministers, demonstrating their subservience to international pressures by influential powerful countries, and their shameless shielding of fraudulent/corrupt Ministers/Officers. Author discloses non-enforcement of the rule of law, even by Attorney Generals, against those affluent and powerful, eventhough the rule of law is the cornerstone of democracy. There is shocking revelation, of how Japanese Government, through Diplomats, pressurized to settle and cover-up a colossal fraud, blatantly perpetrated on a country and impoverished people, to prevent criminal prosecution thereof; even inducingly offering to negotiate with a terrorist organization, to resolve the issue of armed terrorism, ironically created by social injustice, including economic terrorism. Constitutional Minister, President's Counsel, charged for fraud utters blatant falsehoods. Justice Minister and Foreign Minister, President's Counsel, both scholarly alumni of Oxford University, camouflages to whitewash fraud, taking duplicitous stances. This Book is in two Sections, one dealing with Political and Diplomatic Hypocrisy', and the other on an Ad Hominem Legislation - Expropriation Law', enacted in violation of UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and ultra-vires the Constitution. How the country's highest judiciary deals with challenges to the perverse legislative process is revealing, with shocking disclosure of the Chief Justice's husband being given plum political office, with a scandalous controversy exploding in the public domain; just as the Author applies for a review of the pre-enactment Determination by Chief Justice for such Statute, as having been made per-incuriam and ultra-vires the Constitution, adducing additional grounds of perceived bias, upon which Their Lords of Appeal exercising inherent jurisdiction, in similar circumstances, rescinded a previous Judgment of the House of Lords in extradition proceedings re - Chilean President Pinochet.