Dieses im Original 1922 erschienene Buch beschreibt die Grundlagen der Petroleumgeologie.

This book presents topical research in the study of the mineralogy of zircon and olivine and their properties, production and applications. Topics discussed include the application of U-PB dating and chemistry of zircon in the continental crust of Calabria; the internal morphology and crystal growth of accessory zircon from igneous rocks; the reduction, softening and melting behaviour of olivine pellets in an experimental blast furnace; characterizing the radiation damage in zircon and the weathering reactions of olivine as an effective way to sustainably capture CO2.

Clay minerals are typically formed over long periods of time by the gradual chemical weathering of rocks, usually silicate-bearing, by low concentrations of carbonic acid and other diluted solvents. Since ancient times, clay minerals have been investigated because of their importance in agriculture, ceramics, building and other uses. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the types, properties and uses of clay. Topics discussed include clay mineral application in electrochemistry and wastewater treatment; organoclay/polymer nanocomposites; use of clays to manufacture honeycomb monoliths for pollution control applications; clays for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions and structural modification of montmorillonite clays by the pillaring process.

Tungsten is a rare ferrous metal whose ability to form molecular compounds with other elements has made it one of the essential elements in steelmaking, electronics, and various military technologies. This is the first comprehensive study of the use of tungsten and its role in modern technology, politics, and international trade. The book combines a detailed general overview of tungsten's uses in science and technology with a history of tungsten mining in the U.S. and elsewhere; international competition for tungsten supplies, especially between the two world wars of the twentieth century; and the complex national and international politics involved in supporting and protecting the U.S. tungsten supply and tungsten-mining industry. Tungsten in Peace and War, 1918-1946 is a significant addition to the history of technology and a revelation of the complex role that tungsten and other critical metals play in national and international politics and in the world economy.

Zeolites are microporous crystalline solids with well-defined structures. Generally they contain silicon, aluminium and oxygen in their framework and cations, water and/or other molecules within their pores. Many occur naturally as minerals, and are extensively mined in many parts of the world. Others are synthetic, and are made commercially for specific uses, or produced by research scientists trying to understand more about their chemistry. Because of their unique porous properties, zeolites are used in a variety of applications with a global market of several million tonnes per annum. In the western world, major uses are in petrochemical cracking, ion-exchange (water softening and purification), and in the separation and removal of gases and solvents. Other applications are in agriculture, animal husbandry and construction. They are often also referred to as molecular sieves. This book presents leading research from around the world.

The United States has used multiple U.S. agencies and a private, not-for-profit entity to implement the domestic and international provisions of the Clean Diamond Trade Act (CDTA). The Departments of State and the Treasury have led U.S. efforts to implement the domestic provisions of the act; State has led the U.S. efforts to curtail trade in conflict diamonds abroad. Domestically, the Departments of State, the Treasury, Homeland Security, and Commerce, and the private entity, called the U.S. Kimberley Process Authority (USKPA), have been responsible for controlling U.S. imports and exports of rough diamonds. Internationally, State, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), and the U.S. Geological Survey have helped to strengthen KPCS. Domestically, the U.S. systems for reporting rough diamond statistics and for controlling imports and exports of these diamonds are vulnerable to illicit trade. The United States has enhanced the quality of its rough diamond trade data by improving its collection processes, but work remains to be done. Also, the United States does not periodically inspect rough diamond imports or exports to ensure that the contents of the rough diamond parcels match the Kimberley Process certificates. In addition, the United States lacks an effective system for confirming receipt of imports -- a Kimberley Process requirement for avoiding possible diversions of rough diamond imports.

An introduction to ionic compounds for both mineralogists and chemists

Mineralogy and chemistry find their paths intertwined in many ways. Minerals afford chemists interesting examples of simple and complex structures, as well as practical applications of bonding, symmetry, and thermodynamics. Concurrently, the relevant chemistry enriches the mineralogist's view with a grasp of such aspects as structure, stability, and reactivity. This introduction to ionic compounds bridges the two disciplines by explaining the concepts that are used by the chemist and mineralogist in their attempts to unravel the mysteries of nature.

The lively style uses questions and answers throughout as a means to both engage the reader and enhance their understanding of the material. "Ionic Compounds: Applications of Chemistry to Mineralogy" conveys the fundamental principles of the structure and bonding in minerals and emphasizes the relationship of structure at the atomic level to the symmetry and properties of crystals. The book covers: Bonding and composition Structure of ionic compounds, including close-packing The symmetry of crystals Factors that affect the symmetry of the unit cell Morphology and color Chemical properties

Requiring no knowledge of either chemistry or mineralogy beyond the typical secondary school level, "Ionic Compounds" is an accessible and highly useful reference for both professional scientist, student, and the serious mineral collector who can benefit from a deeper understanding of the chemical and crystallographic properties of minerals.

Showcases Alexandra Albini's unique, hand-made jewellery pieces. Feminine shapes often embrace large baroque pearls or precious gems that are not cut according to conventional standards but are roughly shaped or left in their natural crystal habit. The gems are chosen for the beauty of their colours and for their inclusions, valued because they add a natural authenticity to the stone. After all, aren't inclusions nature's fingerprint, worthy of being celebrated rather than condemned as flaws? These are the principal ingredients of Alexandra Albini's jewellery collection, as it is revealed in the pages of this book through the empathic eye of celebrated photographer Gian Paolo Barbieri. Text in English and Italian.

This book presents select proceedings of the Indian Chemical Engineering Congress (CHEMCON-2021) under the theme "Sustainable Utilization of Resources for Chemical Mineral Sectors". It covers broad topics such as chemical reaction and processes, material science and engineering, coal and mineral processing, pyro- and hydro-metallurgical processes, environmental engineering and waste management, advanced engineering, and energy materials. This book is useful for the researchers, professionals, and policymakers interested in sustainable utilization of chemical and mineral resources.

Clays are increasingly becoming a major problem in the mining, extraction and value-adding processes for a wide range of commodity raw materials. Clays can impact negatively on virtually every unit process within the mining and minerals processing sector, having long-term environmental implications that go well beyond the lifetime of the mining operation. This book is the first to compile, explain and evaluate the effects of clays in the mineral processing value chain, from mining to minerals processing, and finally, tailings disposal. Focusing on topics from the chemistry and rheology of clays to their detection and dissolution behaviour, this book provides comprehensive coverage of the effects on processes such as settling, preg-robing, flotation and comminution. It is an excellent reference for professional mineralogists and geologists, industrial engineers, and researchers interested in clays and clay minerals.

Hydroxyoximes and Copper Hydrometallurgy provides a current examination of what is known regarding hydroxyoxime extractants, the chemistry and physicochemistry of extraction, and the potential of applying hydroxyoximes for extraction of copper and other metals in industrial processes. Topics addressed include the development of the hydrometallurgical process, methods of synthesis and structural characteristics, extraction properties, losses of active substances and problems associated with environmental pollution, the potential of metal extraction and separation with hydroxyoximes, methods of extraction and stripping that can improve metal separation and recovery, the applications of hydroxyoximes in various membrane processes, and industrial processes and equipment used for processing oxide ores and tailing. The book will benefit metallurgists, hydrometallurgists, analytical and physical chemists, and researchers in mining industries and solvent extraction.

The molecular mechanisms underlying the fact that a crystal can take a variety of external forms is something we have come to understand only in the last few decades. This is due to recent developments in theoretical and experimental investigations of crystal growth mechanisms.
Morphology of Crystals is divided into three separately available volumes. Part A contains chapters on roughening transition; equilibrium form; step pattern theory; modern PBC; and surface microtopography. This part provides essentially theoretical treatments of the problem, particularly the solid-liquid interface. Part B contains chapters on ultra-fine particles; minerals; transition from polyhedral to dendrite; theory of dendrite; and snow crystals. All chapters are written by world leaders in their respective areas, and some can be seen as representing the essence of a life's work. This is the first English-language work which covers all aspects of the morphology of crystals - a topic which has attracted top scientific minds for centuries. As such, it is indispensable for anyone seeking an answer to a question relating to this fascinating problem: mineralogists, petrologists, crystallographers, materials scientists, workers in solid-state physics and chemistry, etc.
In Parts A: Fundamentals and B: Fine Particles, Minerals and Snow equilibrium and kinetic properties of crystals are generally approached from an atomistic' point of view. In contrast, Part C: The Geometry of Crystal Growth follows the alternative and complementary geometrical' description, where bulk phases are considered as continuous media and their interfaces as mathematical surfaces with orientation-dependent properties. Equations of motion for a crystal surface are expressed in terms of vector and tensor operators working on surface free energy and growth rate, both expressed as functions of surface orientation and driving force, or affinity' for growth. This approach emphasizes the interrelation between equilibrium and kinetic behavior. Part 1 establishes the theoretical framework. Part 2 gives a construction toolbox for explicit (analytic) functions. An extra chapter is devoted to experimental techniques for measuring such functions: a new approach to sphere growth experiments. The emphasis throughout is on principles and new concepts.
Audience: Advanced readers familiar with traditional aspects of crystal growth theory. Can be used as the basis for an advanced course, provided supplementation is provided in the areas of atomistic models of the advancing surface, diffusion fields, etc.

This book presents is a collection of papers in the field of strategic mine planning, including orebody modelling, mine planning optimization and the optimization of mining complexes. The work includes papers (a) describing the newest technologies and related research; and (b) applications of a range of related technologies in diverse industrial applications elaborating upon the state of the art in the field.

This is the first book on global agromining/phytomining technology. It presents the complete metal farming or agromining chain; an emerging technology expected to be transformative in the extraction of resources of those elements not accessible by traditional mining techniques. Meeting the demand for critical minerals (rare earth elements, platinum group elements, nickel cobalt) is increasingly difficult in the 21st century due to resource depletion and geopolitical factors. Agromining uses hyperaccumulator plants as "metal crops" farmed on sub-economic soils or mineral waste to obtain valuable elements. This book, which follows the metal farming chain, starts with the latest information on the global distribution and ecology of hyperaccumulator plants, biogeochemical pathways, the influence of rhizosphere microbes, as well as aspects of propagation and conservation of these unusual plants. It then presents the state of the art in new tools for identifying hyperaccumulator plants and for understanding their physiology and molecular biology. It goes on to describe the agronomy of "metal crops," and opportunities for incorporating agromining into rehabilitation and mine closure, including test-cases of nickel, cobalt, selenium, thallium, rare earth elements and PGEs. Finally, it concludes with an overview of the latest developments in the processing of bio-ores and associated products. This book is edited and authored by the pioneers in the field who have been at the foreground of the development of agromining over the past three decades. It is timely as agromining is now at a pivotal point in its development with rapid expansion of activities in the field around the globe. As such it is of interest to environmental professionals in the minerals industry, government regulators and academics.

The Geology of Mexico focuses firstly on the paleogeographic evolution of Mexico during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras, including evolutionary reconstructions of the different geological provinces. In the second part, it describes, each sedimentary basin or geological province, the main features such as biostratigraphy, sedimentology, structural geology, tectonic evolution and organic geochemistry. The petroleum geology of Mexico is a major focus of the volume and the energy resources of each basin and province are described in detail. Each topic is illustrated with figures and tables, essentially maps, stratigraphic columns, geologic sections, structural sections and evolutionary models in 2D and 3D. This book is intended for geologists and geophysicists, researchers, teachers and students who require a specialized work on the geology of Mexico and its sedimentary basins, with the multidisciplinary approach of Geosciences.

This volume gathers and presents a massive collection of data on the location, quality and accessibility of uranium resources in nearly every region of the globe. This exhaustive, up-to-date reference is designed for practical use and arranged by four geographic regions: Asia, USA and Latin America, Europe, and Australia-Oceania and Africa.

Heavy minerals - minerals that sink rather than float in a dense liquid - are introduced in this work. Its main aim is to provide a manual to assist in the microscopic identification of common transparent heavy minerals in sediments. The first part deals with the principles of heavy mineral analysis and discusses the significance of factors affecting heavy mineral assemblages; there are brief references to commonly used laboratory methods and auxiliary techniques and the section concludes with examples. The book then looks at identification and offers a description of detrital morphology and diagnostic features of 61 transparent heavy mineral species. Optical properties and characteristics are presented together with information on the occurrence of these minerals in their parent rocks. This work should be of interest to students, researchers and professionals in sedimentology and petroleum exploration, especially those concerned with clastic hydrocarbon reservoirs.

Uranium Deposits of the World, in three volumes, comprises an unprecedented compilation of data and descriptions of the uranium regions in Asia, USA, Latin America and Europe. With the first, the Asia volume Prof. Dahlkamp presents a complete uranium-resource reference based on the latest research and also gives access to previously unavailable data. The basic purpose, the presentation of an overview and data of uranium geology, is completed by a typological classification of uranium deposits using additional data from deposits worldwide. This classification forms the base for deposit descriptions throughout the three volumes, structured by countries. Each country and region receives an analytical overview followed by the geologically- and economically-relevant synopsis of the individual regions and fields. The presentations are structured in three major sections: (a) location and magnitude of uranium regions, districts, and deposits, (b) principal features of regions and districts, and (c) detailed characteristics of selected ore fields and deposits. This includes sections on geology, alteration, mineralization, shape and dimensions of deposits, isotopes data, ore control and recognition criteria, and metallogenesis. The volume also provides readers access to the voluminous literature via the comprehensive bibliography of uranium-related publications. Abundantly illustrated with information-laden maps and charts throughout, this reference work is an indispensable tool for geologists, mining companies, government agencies, and others with interest in key natural resources. The three volumes of Uranium Deposits of the World are available as a set or individually. Also accessible (as a set and separate volumes) as a e-ref on springerlink.com. The originally planned fourth volume with Australia, Oceania, and Africa will not be published after the author suddenly deceased.